1、Designation: D2860/D2860M 18Standard Test Method forAdhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape to Fiberboard at 90Angle and Constant Stress1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2860/D2860M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This
3、 test method covers the determination of the prop-erty of adhesion of pressure-sensitive tape to a fiber-boardsurface. The user of this test method has the option of choosingthe paper surface for the test. The test surface may be thestandard linerboard, another linerboard (or paper) of individualint
4、erest, or a specific fiberboard.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system mustbe used independently, without combining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not
5、 purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international st
6、andard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2.
7、 Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-drawn 2008)3D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles (Withdrawn
8、 2008)3D3715/D3715M Practice for Quality Assurance of Pressure-Sensitive TapesD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for Testing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology found in Terminology D996shall apply.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Procedure AThe pressure-sen
9、sitive tape is mounted ona rigid panel. The adhesive side is exposed. A strip oflinerboard, which represents the fiberboard, is placed againstthe tape adhesive with controlled pressure. The area of contactis specified. The panel is mounted in a horizontal position. Aspecified mass is fastened to one
10、 end of the linerboard. Themass acts to peel the linerboard away from the adhesive at anangle of 90. The time required to peel the linerboard from thetape is measured.4.2 Procedure BIn this procedure, the fiberboard or thelinerboard representing it is adhered to a rigid panel and thetape peeled from
11、 it. In all other respects, the procedure is thesame as Procedure A.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to show the adhesion of apressure-sensitive tape to fiberboard when the tape is under aconstant stress. Test data from this test method for some typesof packaging tape relates
12、to tape performance on fiberboardbox closure.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published April 2018. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous
13、 edition approved in 2017 as D2860/D2860M 17.DOI: 10.1520/D2860_D2860M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr
15、inciples on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.2 ProcedureAshould be used when comparing tapes to anestablished requi
16、rement. The requirement may be establishedusing either the standard linerboard or another linerboardrepresenting a specific fiberboard.5.3 Procedure B should be used to rank tapes as to theirability to adhere to fiberboard.6. Apparatus and Materials6.1 Tape, pressure-sensitive, double-coated, 48-mm
17、2-in.width. The tape shall exhibit sufficient adhesion to the paneland test specimen or fiberboard to avoid the failures cited in10.1.9 and 10.2.14.6.2 PanelAny steel piece at least 50 by 125 mm 2 by 5in. and no less than 1.1 mm 0.043 in. thick, having one face(2 by 5 in.) that does not deviate from
18、 a plane by more than0.050 mm 0.002 in.6.3 Stop Watch.6.4 Razor Blade, single-edge.6.5 MaskAny paper no more than 0.050 mm 0.002 in.thick formed to a rectangle approximately 125 by 60 mm 5 by2.5 in. with a rectangular hole exactly 24 6 0.25 1.0 6 0.01by 32 mm 1.25 in. centered in the piece. The 24-m
19、m 1-in.hole dimension shall be in the 125-mm 5-in. direction (seeFig. 1 and Fig. 2).6.6 Cutter, for preparing fiberboard or linerboard and tapespecimens.6.7 Paperboard Piece, approximately 25 by 25 mm 1 by 1in., for reinforcement.NOTE 1Chipboard pads constructed from 0.030-in. thick fiberboardare ty
20、pically used.6.8 Paper Punch, single-hole.6.9 Fiberboard or Linerboard Surface,4against which thetest is made.6.9.1 For Procedure A, cut a rectangle exactly 24 6 0.25mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide by at least 125 mm 5 in. in length,from the linerboard representing the fiberboard on which thetape will be use
21、d. The long dimension shall lie at a right angleto the machine direction of the linerboard. Reinforce one endof the strip with a chipboard piece adhered with double-coatedtape. Punch a hole at the center of the reinforcement.6.9.2 For Procedure B, cut a rectangle, preferably 125 by 50mm 5 by 2 in.,
22、but no less than 50 by 50 mm 2 by 2 in., fromthe fiberboard on which the tape will be used (or linerboardrepresenting it). The long test dimension shall lie at a rightangle to the machine direction of the linerboard.6.9.3 For either procedure, prepare the linerboard or fiber-board in advance of test
23、ing and mark it to show which side touse. When comparing one roll of tape to another or one lot oftape to another, the linerboard or fiberboard should be from asingle lot.6.10 Steel Roller, 82.5 6 2.5 mm 3.25 6 0.1 in. indiameter and 45 6 1.5 mm 1.75 6 0.05 in. in width, coveredwith rubber approxima
24、tely 6 mm 0.25 in. in thickness havinga Shore A durometer hardness of 80 6 5. The surface shall bea true cylinder void of any convex or concave deviations. Themass of the roller shall be 2040 6 45 g 4.5 6 0.1 lb. Themass of the handle shall not add to the mass of the roller duringuse.NOTE 2A simple
25、check to determine if the rubber surface iscylindrical is to wrap the roller in a very thin paper (onionskin) and drag4The linerboard accepted as the standard test surface, Standard ReferenceMaterial 1810A, is available form the Office of Standard Reference Materials,National Institute of Standards
26、and Technology, Washington, DC 20234.NOTE 1Fix panel securely in a horizontal plane.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Procedure AD2860/D2860M 182it across a flat glass plate on which is placed a carbon paper, face up. Thecarbon rubs off onto the thin paper wrapper to reveal high spots or hollowson the rubber
27、 surface.6.11 Test Stand, to support the panel securely in a horizontalplane during the test period.6.12 Mass, 200 6 0.2 g, with a hook.6.13 Timing System, for measuring test time in minutes.6.14 Paper, clean, unprinted, and without a coating of anykind, for use in adhering linerboard or fiberboard
28、to the panel(Procedure B).7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with Practice D3715/D3715M.8. Test Specimens8.1 A roll or rolls of tape for testing must be at least 36 mm1.5 in. in width.8.2 Unwind and discard at least three, but no more than six,outer wraps from the sample roll before taki
29、ng specimens fortesting.8.3 Test five specimens from each roll of tape.9. Conditioning9.1 Condition sample rolls of tape and linerboard or fiber-board in the standard conditioning atmosphere as described inPractice D4332 for a period of not less than 24 h. Test at theseconditions.10. Procedure10.1 P
30、rocedure A:10.1.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to the panel with firmfinger pressure and remove the liner.10.1.2 Lightly sand the backing of the test tape on the rollfor approximately 250 mm 10 in. with 300-grit sandpaper toremove the easy unwind treatment. Start timing with the stopwatch. Immediat
31、ely unwind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. oftape from a freely rotating roll at a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20to 30 in./s.10.1.3 Center the sanded area of this strip, adhesive side up,on the panel, aligning the long edges parallel with the panellong edges. Trim it to the panel dimensions. Do not allow anyob
32、ject to contact the adhesive.10.1.4 Place a mask at the center of the specimen so that the24-mm 1-in. dimension of the hole in the mask lies parallel tothe long dimension of the specimen edges (see Fig. 1). Rubagainst the mask to assure that the tape specimen is welladhered to the double-coated tape
33、 on the panel.Avoid touchingthe adhesive.10.1.5 At 90 6 5 s, position the linerboard strip (endopposite the hole) to span the mask and enter it lengthwise onthe specimen adhesive. Ensure that the correct side of thelinerboard is placed against the specimen adhesive. Do notapply any finger pressure t
34、o the specimen. Continue timing.10.1.6 Roll the linerboard against the specimen lengthwisetwice each way at a rate of 10 6 0.5 mm/s 24 6 0.5 in./minusing the rubber-covered roller.10.1.7 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down, intothe test stand, assuring that it will remain in a horizontal p
35、lanethroughout the test.10.1.8 At 180 6 5 s (3 min from unwinding the tape fromthe roll), add the 200-g mass so that no shock load is impartedto the linerboard, and immediately start the time.Allow the testto continue until the linerboard has peeled free from thespecimen adhesive.10.1.9 Void all tes
36、ts where the tape (test specimen) haspulled away from the panel (either the specimen from thedouble-coated tape or the double-coated tape from the panel).When this occurs, repeat the test assuring that the panel, thedouble-coated tape, and the test specimen are well bondedtogether.10.2 Procedure B:1
37、0.2.1 Adhere the double-coated tape to the panel with firmfinger pressure and remove the liner.10.2.2 Superimpose the fiberboard (or linerboard) on thedouble-coated tape, exposing the correct side and assuring thatthe machine direction is at a right angle to the long dimensionof the panel. Handle th
38、e fiberboard only at the edges andcorners so that an area at least 35 mm 1.5 in. square at itscenter is absolutely free of contamination.10.2.3 Place a clean sheet of paper (6.14) on top of thefiberboard. Rub against this to assure that the fiberboard is wellbonded to the double-coated tape on the p
39、anel. Do not rub thefiberboard surface with the paper or fingers.10.2.4 Start timing with the stop watch. Immediately un-wind 300 to 450 mm 12 to 18 in. of tape from a freely,rotating roll at a rate of 500 to 750 mm 20 to 30 in./s.FIG. 2 Preparation of Specimen for Procedure BD2860/D2860M 18310.2.5
40、From the center of this strip, cut a specimen 24 60.25 mm 1.0 6 0.01 in. wide and at least 180 mm 7 in. inlength. Handle this strip by its ends only. Do not allowadhesive to contact any object.10.2.6 Lay the specimen, adhesive side up, on the workbench and tape the ends down to hold the specimen fla
41、t.10.2.7 Apply a mask at one end of the specimen so that the24-mm 1-in. dimension of the hole lies parallel to the longedges of the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.8 Apply the chipboard square to the exposed adhesiveat the other end of the specimen (see Fig. 2).10.2.9 Cut away the taped ends of the speci
42、men. Punch ahole for the hook of the mass in the chipboard.10.2.10 At 90 6 5 s, position the specimen lengthwise onthe fiberboard, adhesive down, so that the 1 by 1-in. 24 by24-mm adhesive area is approximately centered on the fiber-board. Do not apply any finger pressure to the specimen.Continue ti
43、ming.10.2.11 Roll the specimen lengthwise twice each way at arate of 10.0 6 0.2 mm/s 24 6 0.5 in./min, using therubber-covered roller.10.2.12 Immediately set the panel, specimen side down,into the test stand, assuring that it will remain in a horizontalplane throughout the test.10.2.13 At 180 6 5 s
44、(a total of 3 min from unwinding thetape from the roll), add the 200-g mass so that no shock loadis imparted to the specimen and start the timer. Allow the testto continue until the specimen has peeled free from thefiberboard (see Fig. 3).10.2.14 Void all tests where the fiberboard has pulled awayfr
45、om the panel (either the fiberboard from the double-coatedtape or the double-coated tape from the panel). When thisoccurs, repeat the test, assuring that the panel, double-coatedtape, and the fiberboard are well bonded together.11. Calculation11.1 To determine the test result for each roll of tape,c
46、onvert each of the five specimen test results to its logarithm.Obtain the arithmetic mean of all logarithms and then convertthe arithmetic mean logarithm back to time by obtaining itsantilogarithm. This final step gives the test result for the roll oftape under consideration. No single specimen valu
47、e shall beconsidered as representative of the roll under test.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Astatement that this test method was used, indicatingwhich procedure (A or B), and any deviations from the methodas written,12.1.2 Complete identification of each roll of tape t
48、estedincluding type, source, manufacturers code number, and form,12.1.3 Linerboard or fiberboard identification including thetype, source, manufacturers code number, and conditioninghistory prior to the test,12.1.4 Number of specimens tested from each roll of tape,12.1.5 Anomalous behavior during th
49、e test, that is, adhesivetransfer or splitting paper fiber pulled free from the linerboardor fiberboard, delamination of the linerboard or fiberboard, and12.1.6 Mean time value calculated in 11.1 for each of therolls of tape under test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 SummaryThe difference between two single obser-vations should not exceed 27.7 % of the average of the twoobservations in transformed units in 95 out of 100 cases whenboth observations are taken by the same well-trained operatorusing the same pi
