1、Designation: D2861 87 (Reapproved 2009)D2861 14Standard Test Methods forFlexible Composites of Copper Foil with Dielectric Film orTreated Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2861; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing flexible materials consisting
3、 of copper foil combined with either dielectricfilm or with treated or impregnated fabric to form flexible composites used in the manufacture of flexible or multilayer circuitry,or both.1.2 The procedures appear as follows:ASTMReferenceProcedure Section MethodConditioning 5Flex Life of the Composite
4、 20 25Peel Strength of the Composite 11 19Specimen Preparation 6 D1825Strain Relief Due to Etching 26 32Testing of the Dielectric Portion ofthe Composite7 10 D1825,D2305,D902Procedure Section ASTM Reference MethodConditioning 5Flex Life of the Composite 20 25Peel Strength of the Composite 11 19Speci
5、men Preparation 6 D1825Strain Relief Due to Etching 26 32Testing of the Dielectric Portion ofthe Composite7 10D1825,D2305,D9021.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for inform
6、ation only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
7、ylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D902 Test Methods for Flexible Resin-Coated Glass Fabrics and Glass Fabric Tapes Used for Electrical InsulationD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD1825 Practice for Etching and Cleaning Copper-Clad Electrical Insula
8、ting Materials and Thermosetting Laminates forElectrical Testing (Withdrawn 2012)3D2305 Test Methods for Polymeric Films Used for Electrical InsulationD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing (Withdrawn 2012)31 These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM C
9、ommittee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2014. Published February 2010November 2014. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous editio
10、n approved in 20042009as D2861 87 (2009).(2004). DOI: 10.1520/D2861-87R09.10.1520/D2861-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
11、mary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may n
12、ot be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
13、nd of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions: DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D1711.4. Selection of Test Specimens4.1 Select specimens
14、 for test from portions of material that are free of obvious defects, unless the purpose of the test is toevaluate these defects.5. Conditioning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, conduct all conditioning and testing in the standard laboratory atmosphere specified in PracticeD6054. Condition specimens a
15、t least 18 h before testing.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Prepare specimens by etching without scrubbing, using Practice D1825. The It is possible that the etching reagents describedin Practice D1825 maywill be incompatible with some composite materials. The use of other reagents shouldshall be noted i
16、n thereport for the test involved.TESTING OF THE DIELECTRIC PORTION OF THE COMPOSITE7. Significance and Use7.1 The electrical and mechanical characteristics of circuits produced from flexible composites of copper foil with dielectricmaterials will, to a large extent, depend on the properties of the
17、dielectric portion of the composite. Measurement of theseproperties is essential for predicting performance of the circuit.8. Test Specimen8.1 Take specimens as required from a sample that has been etched free of copper foil in accordance with Section 6. Take thethickness from the material that rema
18、ins after etching.9. Procedure9.1 If the dielectric portion of the composite is a film, use the procedures described in Test Methods D2305.9.2 If the dielectric portion of the composite is a treated fabric, use the procedures described in Test Methods D902.10. Precision and Bias10.1 This test method
19、 has been in use for many years, but no statement of precision has been available and no activity is plannedto develop such a statement. A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the lack of a standard reference material for thisproperty.PEEL STRENGTH OF THE COMPOSITE11. Significance and Use1
20、1.1 The peel strength between copper foil and the dielectric material determines to what degree the composite can withstandprocessing and remain intact during service.11.2 Flexible composites generally require more elaborate means for proper support during peel testing than do rigid,copper-clad lami
21、nates. The selection of the proper procedure will depend on the nature of the composite being tested, as shownby the following methods:11.2.1 Method A, Clamped Between PlatesThis test method is generally used when the material tested is not so flexible orslippery that it allows the substrate to defl
22、ect during the test.11.2.2 Method B, Using Adhesive Tape This test method is used principally for its convenience, but is limited to cases wherethe peel strength of the material is not so great as to allow lifting of the substrate from the plate during removal of the copper.11.2.3 Method C, Free-tur
23、ning DrumThis test method is also primarily used for its convenience, and is applicable where itis desired to prevent lifting of the dielectric material from the plate during removal of the copper.12. Apparatus12.1 Force-MeasuringForce-measuring InstrumentAstrain gage, dial-type force meter, or simi
24、lar instrument sensitive to 0.05lbf (0.2 N).12.2 Chart Recorder (optional)Arecording instrument capable of converting the force measured in 12.1 to a graphical record.12.3 Peeling MechanismA device capable of peeling the copper from the dielectric at an angle of 90 to the specimen at arate of 2 6 0.
25、1 in. (50 6 3 mm)/min.D2861 14212.4 Specimen HolderA device for clamping the specimen flat and in the correct position for testing with a minimum of thedielectric left unsupported. A device equivalent to that shown in Fig. 1 is required.13. Test Specimen13.1 Unless otherwise specified, prepare the t
26、est specimens to be a 2.5-in. (62-mm) square of the composite on which the patternshown in Fig. 2 is etched, in accordance with Section 6. The dielectric portion may be trimmed If necessary, it is acceptable totrim the dielectric portion to conveniently fit the apparatus being used.13.2 Orient the p
27、attern so that the long direction of the copper strips is either machine direction or cross-machine direction as,required.14. Method AClamped Between Plates14.1 Clamp the test specimen between the plates as shown in Fig. 1. Mount the plate horizontally.14.2 Carefully initiate the removal of each of
28、the copper strips by lifting the 12-in. (13-mm) land and peeling back to about 1in. (25 mm).14.3 Attach the free end of the strip to the force indicator by means of a clamp equipped with knurled jaws and a chain. Peelthe strip the remaining 1-in. (25-mm) length at a rate of 2.0 6 0.1 in. (50 6 3 mm)
29、/min. Repeat for each copper strip.14.4 Determine the average peel force for each strip as follows:14.4.1 If a recording instrument is used, determine the average peel force by the midpoint of a straight line that best fits the chartrecord.14.4.2 If no recording instrument is used, take a visual rea
30、ding every 5 s during the peeling and average the readings.15. Method BUsing Adhesive Tape15.1 Attach the test specimen to a flat surface using a suitably backed pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. Mount the surfacehorizontally. Apply the tape in such manner it extends at least 0.2 in. (5 mm) beyond t
31、he edges of the copper strip, taking care toavoid the inclusion of dirt or air bubbles.15.2 Initiate removal of the copper strip and peel in accordance with the procedure of 14.3, and determine the average peel forcein accordance with 14.4.16. Method CFree-Turning Drum16.1 Select a test specimen 2.5
32、 in. (62 mm) wide by 10 in. (250 mm) long. Wrap the specimen around a 3-in. (75-mm) diameterdrum as shown in Fig. 3, with the longer dimension in the direction of winding. Position the tension bars and springs as indicated.16.2 Initiate the removal of the copper strip and peel in accordance with the
33、 procedure of 14.3, and determine the average peelforce in accordance with 14.4.17. Calculation17.1 Divide the average peel force in pounds-force (newtons) by the width of the peeled strip in inches (millimetres) to obtainthe average peel strength for the strip in pounds-force per inch (newtons per
34、millimetre) width.FIG. 1 Device for Holding Peel Specimen for Method AD2861 14318. Report18.1 Report the following information:18.1.1 Material identification and specimen orientation, whether machine- or cross-machine direction,18.1.2 The nature of the etching material, if different than that specif
35、ied in Practice D1825,18.1.3 Conditioning, if different from that specified in Section 5,18.1.4 Method of recording the average peel force,18.1.5 Test method used, (A, B, or C), and18.1.6 Peel strength values for each specimen.FIG. 2 Peel Strength Test SpecimenFIG. 3 Drum-Type Peel Strength Jig for
36、Method CD2861 14419. Precision and Bias19.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but no statement of precision has been available and no activity is plannedto develop such a statement. A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the lack of a standard reference material for thisprop
37、erty.FLEX LIFE OF THE COMPOSITE20. Significance and Use20.1 Flexible copper foil composites are frequently used in applications where repeated flexing occurs during assembly, orduring normal use, or both. The occurrence of a break in the copper foil would render the material useless.21. Apparatus21.
38、1 Flat Plates, two parallel nonconducting, with clamps so arranged that a motor-driven crank and connecting rod willoscillate one of the plates parallel to the other at no more than 10 cpm with a 2-in. (50-mm) stroke.21.2 Mechanical Counter, arranged to record total number of cycles.21.3 Low-Voltage
39、Low-voltage Relay Circuit, that will shut off the motor when a break occurs.22. Test Specimen22.1 Prepare rectangular specimens 2 by 5 in. (50 by 125 mm)mm), then etch the pattern shown in Fig. 4 in accordance withSection 6. Cut the etched specimen lengthwise to provide a pair of specimens, each wit
40、h 8 conductors.eightconductors.23. Procedure23.1 Attach leads to the lands in the test specimen and clamp the ends to opposite surfaces so that the conductors run parallelto the oscillation and a rolling loop is produced on the specimen without flexing it at the clamps. Adjust the apparatus so that
41、theinside diameter of the rolling loop is 14 6 116 in. (6.4 6 1.6 mm). Connect the leads into the lowvoltage circuit so that a breakin the pattern will stop the test. Run the test until a discontinuity occurs. Unless otherwise specified, the copper pattern shall beon the concave side of one specimen
42、 and on the convex side of the other one in the pair. See Fig. 5.24. Report24.1 Report the following information:24.1.1 Material identification and specimen orientation, whether machine- or cross-machine direction,24.1.2 The nature of the etching material, if different than that specified in Practic
43、e D1825,24.1.3 Conditioning, if different than that specified in Section 5,24.1.4 The number of cycles until a break occurs, and24.1.5 Whether the copper pattern was on the concave or convex side.NOTE 1The dimensional tolerances apply to the negative or silk screen used to generate the pattern.FIG.
44、4 Flexibility Test PatternD2861 14525. Precision and Bias25.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but no statement of precision has been available and no activity is plannedto develop such a statement. A statement of bias is not applicable in view of the lack of a standard reference mat
45、erial for thisproperty.STRAIN RELIEF DUE TO ETCHING26. Significance and Use26.1 Strains It is possible that strains in the composite caused by shrinkage of the dielectric or by mechanical or thermal stressesduring manufacture of the composite maywill be relieved during etching away of the copper, or
46、 during subsequent drying, solventwashing, or soldering steps. Such strain relief could lead to distortion and misregistration of etched circuit patterns, as well aswrinkling of the dielectric areas where the foil was removed.27. Apparatus27.1 Apparatus suitable for measuring distances of about 6 in
47、. (150 mm) between markings without application of distortingforce on a specimen that is held flat.An optical comparator is recommended. The degree of resolution of dimensional readings willlargely determine the precision possible with this test method.27.2 A means for maintaining the specimen in a
48、flat position without interfering with the dimensional reading, and withoutapplying distorting forces parallel to the plane of the specimen. AThe use of a perforated vacuum plate or of a pair of transparentplates may be used with success are acceptable approaches when an optical comparator is employ
49、ed.28. Test Specimens28.1 Prepare 7-in. (175-mm) square test specimens of the composite to be tested.29. Procedure29.1 On the copper side of the specimen make four marks, numbered 1 to 4 clockwise at the four corners of a 6-in. (150-mm)square pattern centered on the specimen, using a felt tip pen.29.2 Use a sharp-needle point to make a pin prick about 0.005 in. (0.13 mm) in diameter at about the center of each of the marksin 29.1.29.3 Mount the specimen using the apparatus of 27.2 and obtain distance measurements with the apparatus of 27.1. Re
