1、Designation: D 2893 04An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forOxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure LubricationOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods (A and B) cover the determination ofthe oxidation characteristics of e
3、xtreme-pressure fluid lubri-cants, gear oils, or mineral oils.NOTE 1The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methodsare not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant.Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of
4、thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 91 Test Method for Prec
5、ipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)2D 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsE 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Me
6、thod3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95C(Test Method A) or 121C (Test Method B) in the presence ofdry air for 312 h.3.2 The oil is then tested for precipitation number andincrease in kinematic viscosity.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measure
7、the oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids,gear oils, and mineral oils.5. Apparatus5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled,capable of maintaining the oil sample in the test tube at atemperature of 95 6 0.2C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0C(Test Method B) and large en
8、ough to hold the desired numberof oxidation cells immersed in the heating bath or block to adepth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating bath shallbe fitted with a suitable stirring device to provide a uniformtemperature throughout the bath.5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm ins
9、idediameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with aslotted cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted aglass air delivery tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. Thelength of the air delivery tube shall be such that one endreaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the
10、otherend projects 60 to 80 mm from the cork stopper.NOTE 2New corks should be used for each run.5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable of measuringan air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 60.5 L/h.5.4 ThermometerASTM Solvent Distillation Thermom-eter having a range from 76 to 126C and confor
11、ming to therequirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specifica-tion E 1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.5.5 Air SupplyOil-free, dried air at constant pressure shallbe supplied to each flowmeter.5.6 Air DryerBefore being supplied to the flowmeters, theair shall be passed t
12、hrough a drying tower packed withindicating grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent.The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to last for theentire test.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibi
13、lity of SubcommitteeD02.09 on Oxidation.Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published May 2004. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 289303.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
14、or Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.
15、Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation CellsClean glassware with asuitable cleaning solution. (WarningCauses severe burns. Arecognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, contact with othermaterial may cause fire. Hygroscropic.)NOTE 3While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, the
16、round robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaningsolutions such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have been found suitable.In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solutionsatisfactory to all parties involved.7. Procedure7.1 Adjust the heating bath to a temperat
17、ure high enough tomaintain the oil in the desired number of oxidation cells at therequired temperature of 95 6 0.2C (Test Method A) or 121 61.0C (Test Method B). Determine the viscosity at 100C byTest Method D 445/IP 71 and the precipitation number by TestMethod D 91, on each sample.7.2 Pour 300 mL
18、of each oil sample into a test tube andimmerse the test tube in the heating bath so that the heatingmedium is at least 50 mm above the level of the oil sample.Place the corks and air delivery tubes in the test tubes makingsure that the lower ends of the tubes are within 6 mm of thebottoms of the tes
19、t tubes.7.3 Connect the air delivery tubes to the dried air supplythrough the flowmeters. Adjust the flow of air to 10 6 0.5 L/h.Check the temperature of the oil samples and the rate of airflow every hour and make necessary adjustments. Once the oilsamples have reached the desired temperature of 95
20、6 0.2C(Test Method A) or 121 6 1.0C (Test Method B), initiate thestart of the test.NOTE 4When using multi-cell baths, one way of checking thetemperature of the oil samples can be to use a dummy cell in the bath,similar to the way it is used in Test Method D 943.7.4 Maintain the air flow and bath or
21、block temperatureconstant, checking them periodically for the duration of thetest.7.5 Remove the test tubes from the bath or block 312 6 1h(13 days) after the start of the test. Mix each oil samplethoroughly and test them for viscosity at 100C by Test MethodD 445/IP 71 and precipitation number by Te
22、st Method D 91.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the kinematic viscosity increase as follows:Viscosity increase, % 5 B 2 A!/A 3 100 (1)where:A = kinematic viscosity on original sample, andB = kinematic viscosity after oxidation.9. Report9.1 On the original sample, and on the oxidized sample atthe terminat
23、ion of test, report the precipitation number deter-mined in accordance with Test Method D 91.9.2 Report the percent increase in viscosity at 100C asdetermined in Section 8.10. Precision and Bias (Test Method A)310.1 The precision of this test method is not known to havebeen obtained in accordance wi
24、th currently accepted guidelines(for example, in Committee D02 Research Report RR:D02-10074).10.2 Viscosity Increase:10.2.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig.
25、1.10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ bymore than the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibility as shown in Fig. 1.10.3 Precipitation Number, Increase:10.3.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor sh
26、all be considered suspect if they differ by more than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig. 2.10.3.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ bymore than the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibil
27、ity as shown in Fig. 2.10.4 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of these changes can only be defined in termsof a test method.11. Precision and Bias (Test Method B)511.1 Viscosity Increase:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe ob
28、tained by requesting Research Report RR: D021150.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D021007.5Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D
29、021539.FIG. 1 Precision Data, Viscosity IncreaseD289304211.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialswould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthis
30、test method, exceed the flowing values only in one intwenty:Repeatability 5 0.30X (2)where:X = the mean value.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators indifferent laboratories on identical material would, in the longrun, exceed th
31、e following values only in one case in twenty:Reproducibility 5 1.1X (3)where:X = the mean value.NOTE 5This precision statement was prepared with data on six oilstested by six cooperators. The oils covered values of 0-20 % viscosityincrease.11.2 The precision for the precipitation number was notdete
32、rmined.11.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias,because the value of these changes can only be defined in termsof a test method.12. Keywords12.1 extreme pressure gear oils; oxidation testingpetroleum; stabilityoxidation; stabilitythermalSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.09 has identif
33、ied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 289303) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Test Method D 943 to the Referenced Documents(2) Clarified that stirring device is used only for liquid baths in5.1.(3) Added Note 4.ASTM International takes no pos
34、ition respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibil
35、ity.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to AS
36、TM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address
37、 shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Precision Data, Precipitation Number IncreaseD2893043
