1、Designation: D2893 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Methods forOxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure LubricationOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods (Aand B) cover the determination ofthe oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure
3、fluid lubri-cants, gear oils, or mineral oils.NOTE 1The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methodsare not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant.Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No o
4、ther units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
5、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristic
6、s of Inhib-ited Mineral OilsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95C(Test Method A) or 121C (Test Method B) in the presence ofdry air for 312 h.3.2 The oil is then tested for precipitation number andincreas
7、e in kinematic viscosity.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measurethe oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids,gear oils, and mineral oils.5. Apparatus5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatically controlled,capable of maintaining the oil sample i
8、n the test tube at atemperature of 95 6 0.2C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0C(Test Method B) and large enough to hold the desired numberof oxidation cells immersed in the heating bath or block to adepth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating bath shallbe fitted with a suitable stirring device to
9、provide a uniformtemperature throughout the bath.5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm insidediameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with aslotted cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted aglass air delivery tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. Thelength of th
10、e air delivery tube shall be such that one endreaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the otherend projects 60 to 80 mm from the cork stopper.NOTE 2New corks should be used for each run.5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable of measuringan air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 6
11、0.5 L/h.5.4 ThermometerASTM Solvent Distillation Thermom-eter having a range from 76 to 126C and conforming to therequirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specifica-tion E1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.5.5 Air SupplyOil-free, dried air at constant pressure shallbe sup
12、plied to each flowmeter.5.6 Air DryerBefore being supplied to the flowmeters, theair shall be passed through a drying tower packed withindicating grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent.The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to last for theentire test.1These test methods are under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D289304
14、. DOI:10.1520/D2893-04R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation CellsClean glassware with asuitable cleaning solution. (WarningCauses severe burns. Arecognized carcinogen. Strong oxidizer, contact with othermaterial may cause fire.
16、 Hygroscropic.)NOTE 3While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, theround robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaningsolutions such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have been found suitable.In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solutionsatisfa
17、ctory to all parties involved.7. Procedure7.1 Adjust the heating bath to a temperature high enough tomaintain the oil in the desired number of oxidation cells at therequired temperature of 95 6 0.2C (Test Method A) or 121 61.0C (Test Method B). Determine the viscosity at 100C byTest Method D445/IP 7
18、1 and the precipitation number by TestMethod D91, on each sample.7.2 Pour 300 mL of each oil sample into a test tube andimmerse the test tube in the heating bath so that the heatingmedium is at least 50 mm above the level of the oil sample.Place the corks and air delivery tubes in the test tubes mak
19、ingsure that the lower ends of the tubes are within 6 mm of thebottoms of the test tubes.7.3 Connect the air delivery tubes to the dried air supplythrough the flowmeters. Adjust the flow of air to 10 6 0.5 L/h.Check the temperature of the oil samples and the rate of airflow every hour and make neces
20、sary adjustments. Once the oilsamples have reached the desired temperature of 95 6 0.2C(Test Method A) or 121 6 1.0C (Test Method B), initiate thestart of the test.NOTE 4When using multi-cell baths, one way of checking thetemperature of the oil samples can be to use a dummy cell in the bath,similar
21、to the way it is used in Test Method D943.7.4 Maintain the air flow and bath or block temperatureconstant, checking them periodically for the duration of thetest.7.5 Remove the test tubes from the bath or block 312 6 1h(13 days) after the start of the test. Mix each oil samplethoroughly and test the
22、m for viscosity at 100C by Test MethodD445/IP 71 and precipitation number by Test Method D91.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the kinematic viscosity increase as follows:Viscosity increase, % 5 B 2 A!/A 3 100 (1)where:A = kinematic viscosity on original sample, andB = kinematic viscosity after oxidation.
23、9. Report9.1 On the original sample, and on the oxidized sample atthe termination of test, report the precipitation number deter-mined in accordance with Test Method D91.9.2 Report the percent increase in viscosity at 100C asdetermined in Section 8.10. Precision and Bias (Test Method A)310.1 The pre
24、cision of this test method is not known to havebeen obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines(for example, in Committee D02 Research Report D02-1007).10.2 Viscosity Increase:10.2.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor shall be considered suspect if they differ by more
25、 than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig. 1.10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ bymore than the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibility as shown in Fig. 1.10.3 Precipitation Number
26、, Increase:10.3.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig. 2.10.3.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if th
27、ey differ bymore than the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibility as shown in Fig. 2.10.4 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of these changes can only be defined in termsof a test method.11. Precision and Bias (Test Method B)411.1 Viscosity Increase:11.1.1
28、RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatus3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1150.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters
29、 and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1539.FIG. 1 Precision Data, Viscosity IncreaseD2893 04 (2009)2under constant operating conditions on identical test materialswould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthis test method, exceed the flowing values only in one int
30、wenty:Repeatability 5 0.30X (2)where:X = the mean value.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators indifferent laboratories on identical material would, in the longrun, exceed the following values only in one case in twenty:Reproduc
31、ibility 5 1.1X (3)where:X = the mean value.NOTE 5This precision statement was prepared with data on six oilstested by six cooperators. The oils covered values of 0-20 % viscosityincrease.11.2 The precision for the precipitation number was notdetermined.11.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has
32、no bias,because the value of these changes can only be defined in termsof a test method.12. Keywords12.1 extreme pressure gear oils; oxidation testingpetroleum; stabilityoxidation; stabilitythermalASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
33、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
34、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid
35、eration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Bar
36、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 2 Precision Data, Precipitation Number IncreaseD2893 04 (2009)3
