1、Designation: D2893 04 (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Test Methods forOxidation Characteristics of Extreme-Pressure LubricationOils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2893; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESubsection 6.1 was updated editorially in July 2014.1. Scope1.1 These test methods (Aand B) cover the determin
3、ation ofthe oxidation characteristics of extreme-pressure fluidlubricants, gear oils, or mineral oils.NOTE 1The changes in the lubricant resulting from these test methodsare not always necessarily associated with oxidation of the lubricant.Some changes may be due to thermal degradation.1.2 The value
4、s stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safe
5、ty and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
6、Viscos-ity)D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of InhibitedMineral OilsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The oil sample is subjected to a temperature of 95C(Test Method A) or 121C (Test Method B) in the presence ofdry air for 312 h.3.2 The
7、oil is then tested for precipitation number andincrease in kinematic viscosity.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods have been widely used to measurethe oxidation stability of extreme pressure lubricating fluids,gear oils, and mineral oils.5. Apparatus5.1 Heating Bath or Block, thermostatica
8、lly controlled,capable of maintaining the oil sample in the test tube at atemperature of 95 6 0.2C (Test Method A), or 121 6 1.0C(Test Method B) and large enough to hold the desired numberof oxidation cells immersed in the heating bath or block to adepth of approximately 350 mm. The liquid heating b
9、ath shallbe fitted with a suitable stirring device to provide a uniformtemperature throughout the bath.5.2 Test Tubes, of borosilicate glass, 41 6 0.5 mm insidediameter and 600 mm in length are required, each fitted with aslotted cork (Note 2) stopper into which shall be inserted aglass air delivery
10、 tube of 4 to 5 mm of inside diameter. Thelength of the air delivery tube shall be such that one endreaches to within 6 mm of the bottom of the tube and the otherend projects 60 to 80 mm from the cork stopper.NOTE 2New corks should be used for each run.5.3 Flowmeter, one to each test tube, capable o
11、f measuringan air flow of 10 L/h with an accuracy of 60.5 L/h.5.4 ThermometerASTM Solvent Distillation Thermom-eter having a range from 76 to 126C and conforming to therequirement for Thermometer 40C as prescribed in Specifica-tion E1. Alternatively, calibrated thermocouples may be used.5.5 Air Supp
12、lyOil-free, dried air at constant pressure shallbe supplied to each flowmeter.5.6 Air DryerBefore being supplied to the flowmeters, theair shall be passed through a drying tower packed withindicating grade of anhydrous calcium sulfate or equivalent.The quantity of dessicant should be sufficient to l
13、ast for theentire test.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.09.0D on Oxidation of Lubricants.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally ap
14、provedin 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2893 04 (2009). DOI:10.1520/D2893-04R14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards D
15、ocument Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Cleaning of Oxidation CellsClean glassware with asuitable cleaning solution. (WarningChromic acid (see Note3) cause
16、s severe burns. A recognized carcinogen. Strongoxidizer, contact with other material may cause fire. Hygro-scopic.)NOTE 3While other suitable cleaning solutions are now available, theround robin used glassware cleaned with chromic acid. Other cleaningsolutions such as NoChromix and Micro Clean have
17、been found suitable.In a referee situation, glassware shall be cleaned by a cleaning solutionsatisfactory to all parties involved.7. Procedure7.1 Adjust the heating bath to a temperature high enough tomaintain the oil in the desired number of oxidation cells at therequired temperature of 95 6 0.2C (
18、Test Method A) or 121 61.0C (Test Method B). Determine the viscosity at 100C byTest Method D445/IP 71 and the precipitation number by TestMethod D91, on each sample.7.2 Pour 300 mL of each oil sample into a test tube andimmerse the test tube in the heating bath so that the heatingmedium is at least
19、50 mm above the level of the oil sample.Place the corks and air delivery tubes in the test tubes makingsure that the lower ends of the tubes are within 6 mm of thebottoms of the test tubes.7.3 Connect the air delivery tubes to the dried air supplythrough the flowmeters. Adjust the flow of air to 10
20、6 0.5 L/h.Check the temperature of the oil samples and the rate of airflow every hour and make necessary adjustments. Once the oilsamples have reached the desired temperature of 95 6 0.2C(Test Method A) or 121 6 1.0C (Test Method B), initiate thestart of the test.NOTE 4When using multi-cell baths, o
21、ne way of checking thetemperature of the oil samples can be to use a dummy cell in the bath,similar to the way it is used in Test Method D943.7.4 Maintain the air flow and bath or block temperatureconstant, checking them periodically for the duration of thetest.7.5 Remove the test tubes from the bat
22、h or block 312 6 1h(13 days) after the start of the test. Mix each oil samplethoroughly and test them for viscosity at 100C by Test MethodD445/IP 71 and precipitation number by Test Method D91.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the kinematic viscosity increase as follows:Viscosity increase, % 5 B 2 A!/A# 3
23、100 (1)where:A = kinematic viscosity on original sample, andB = kinematic viscosity after oxidation.9. Report9.1 On the original sample, and on the oxidized sample atthe termination of test, report the precipitation number deter-mined in accordance with Test Method D91.9.2 Report the percent increas
24、e in viscosity at 100C asdetermined in Section 8.10. Precision and Bias (Test Method A)310.1 The precision of this test method is not known to havebeen obtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines(for example, in Committee D02 Research Report RR:D02-1007).10.2 Viscosity Increase:10.2.1
25、RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig. 1.10.2.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ bymore t
26、han the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibility as shown in Fig. 1.10.3 Precipitation Number, Increase:10.3.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor shall be considered suspect if they differ by more than themaximum acceptable difference for repeatability as shown inFig. 2.1
27、0.3.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall be considered suspect if they differ bymore than the maximum acceptable difference for reproduc-ibility as shown in Fig. 2.10.4 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of these changes can only be
28、defined in termsof a test method.11. Precision and Bias (Test Method B)411.1 Viscosity Increase:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1150.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
29、be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1539.FIG. 1 Precision Data, Viscosity IncreaseD2893 04 (2014)1211.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between successiveresults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialswould, in t
30、he long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthis test method, exceed the flowing values only in one intwenty:Repeatability 5 0.30X (2)where:X = the mean value.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators indifferent laboratorie
31、s on identical material would, in the longrun, exceed the following values only in one case in twenty:Reproducibility 5 1.1X (3)where:X = the mean value.NOTE 5This precision statement was prepared with data on six oilstested by six cooperators. The oils covered values of 0-20 % viscosityincrease.11.
32、2 The precision for the precipitation number was notdetermined.11.3 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no bias,because the value of these changes can only be defined in termsof a test method.12. Keywords12.1 extreme pressure gear oils; oxidation testingpetroleum; stabilityoxidation; stability
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36、Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the abovea
37、ddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Precision Data, Precipitation Number IncreaseD2893 04 (2014)13
