1、Designation: D 2941 00 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measure
3、ment of the breakpattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale.This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1517 Terminology Relating to Leather2.2 MIL Standard:3MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear UpperLeather3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1
5、.1 break (of leather)the pattern of wrinkles formed onthe grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in toform a concave surface. This characteristic is observed in thevamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test methodis primarily intended for evaluation of cut parts.3.2 For def
6、initions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminology D 1517.4. Significance and Use4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relationbetween the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break,or a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it isbent to form a c
7、oncave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe,reflects favorably upon appearance and serviceability. A coarsebreak, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles areformed on bending the grain to form a concave surface mayindicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium ormain stratum a
8、s in pipey leather. Shoes made from fine-breakleather are more attractive and tend to wear longer than shoesmade from coarse-break leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and theALCA Journal).45. Apparatus5,65.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight
9、levels ofbreak ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.6. Test Specimen6.1 The sample for the test should be taken from an agreedarea of the hide, and shall be a piece of leather 2 by 4 in. (51by 102 mm) with the long dimension perpendicular to thebackbone; or a cut shoe part.6.2 Unless otherwise specifi
10、ed, one specimen shall be testedfrom each sample.7. Procedure7.1 With long dimension of the specimen parallel to thelength of the mandrel, bend it with thumb and fingers to bringit into contact with the outside of the mandrel, and observe thewrinkles through the windows.7.2 Compare the wrinkle patte
11、rn of the specimen with thoseof the Satra break scale.7.3 The specimen should be rated to the nearest12-grade,that is, if it appears that the break is better than 4 but not asgood as 3, the break of the leather should be graded as 312 .Thus, the 8-point scale gives a 15 reading range from 1 to 8 ins
12、teps of12 scale unit.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leatherand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This testmethod was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.(Standard Method E 64 1972).Current edition appro
13、ved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2004. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2941 00(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
14、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50984Bailey, M., Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, JALCA,Vol 53, 1958, p. 568.5Landmann,
15、A. W., and Thompson, R. S., Journal of the Society of LeatherTrades Chemists, JSLTC, Vol 47, 1963, p. 429.6The sole source of supply of the Satra mandrel and visual break scale knownto the committee at this time is the Shoe and Allied Trades Research Assn.,Kettering, England. If you are aware of alt
16、ernative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un
17、ited States.8. Report8.1 The report shall include the following:8.1.1 Thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.2 mm (12oz), if specified.8.1.2 The rating to the nearest12-grade.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Replicate evaluation by individuals, and among labora-tories on same and different days will res
18、ult in errors of lessthan 61 grade.9.2 Method of inducing wrinkles by other than manualmeans does not seem to affect the break rating.9.3 Precision of repeated observations on some specimenscan be seriously affected if regions other than those initiallyobserved through the windows are rated, or if t
19、he orientation ofthe bend is varied. According to the original Satra investiga-tion, colors, including white, cause no difficulty in evaluatingbreak.10. Keywords10.1 break scale; grain pattern; loose finish; pipey; wrinklesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent ri
20、ghts asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at an
21、y time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments w
22、ill receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by A
23、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 2941 00 (2008)2
