1、Designation: D2941 00 (Reapproved 2012)D2941 13Standard Test Method forMeasuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the m
3、easurement of the break pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale. This testmethod does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for inf
4、ormation only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regula
5、torylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherD1610 Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing2.2 MIL Standard:3MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear Upper Leather3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bre
6、ak (of leather)the pattern of wrinkles formed on the grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in to forma concave surface. This characteristic is observed in the vamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test method is primarilyintended for evaluation of cut parts.3.2 For definit
7、ions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1517.4. Significance and Use4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break, ora grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is bent to form a con
8、cave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe, reflectsfavorably upon appearance and serviceability. A coarse break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are formed onbending the grain to form a concave surface may indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or main stratum
9、asin pipey leather. Shoes made from fine-break leather are more attractive and tend to wear longer than shoes made from coarse-breakleather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the ALCA Journal).41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subco
10、mmittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test methodwas developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method E64 1972).Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2012May 1, 2013. Published September 2012May 2013. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20082012 as
11、D2941 00(2008).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2941-00R12.10.1520/D2941-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM webs
12、ite.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-50984 Bailey, M., Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, JALCA, Vol 53, 1958, p. 568.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide th
13、e user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standa
14、rd as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Apparatus5,65.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight
15、 levels of break ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.6. Test Specimen6.1 The sample for the test should be taken from an agreed area of the hide, and shall be a piece of leather 2 by 4 in. (51 by102 mm) with the long dimension perpendicular to the backbone; or a cut shoe part.6.2 Unless otherwise spe
16、cified, one specimen shall be tested from each sample.7. Conditioning7.1 All specimens shall be conditioned according to Practice D1610.8. Procedure8.1 With long dimension of the specimen parallel to the length of the mandrel, bend it with thumb and fingers to bring it intocontact with the outside o
17、f the mandrel, and observe the wrinkles through the windows.8.2 Compare the wrinkle pattern of the specimen with those of the Satra break scale.8.3 The specimen should be rated to the nearest 12-grade, that is, if it appears that the break is better than 4 but not as goodas 3, the break of the leath
18、er should be graded as 312 . Thus, the 8-point scale gives a 15 reading range from 1 to 8 in steps of12 scale unit.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.2 mm (12 oz), if specified.9.1.2 The rating to the nearest 12-grade.10. Precision an
19、d Bias10.1 Replicate evaluation by individuals, and among laboratories on same and different days will result in errors of less than61 grade.10.2 Method of inducing wrinkles by other than manual means does not seem to affect the break rating.10.3 Precision of repeated observations on some specimens
20、can be seriously affected if regions other than those initiallyobserved through the windows are rated, or if the orientation of the bend is varied. According to the original Satra investigation,colors, including white, cause no difficulty in evaluating break.11. Keywords11.1 break scale; grain patte
21、rn; loose finish; pipey; wrinklesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof
22、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this st
23、andard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your
24、 views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by cont
25、acting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).5 Landmann, A. W., and Thompson, R.
26、S., Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, JSLTC, Vol 47, 1963, p. 429.6 The sole source of supply of the Satra mandrel and visual break scale known to the committee at this time is the Shoe and Allied Trades Research Assn., Kettering,England. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee, 1 which you may attend.D2941 132
