1、Designation: D 2979 01Standard Test Method forPressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an InvertedProbe Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the pressure-sensitive tack of adhesives. This test method is applicable to
3、those adhesives which form a bond of measurable strengthrapidly upon contact with another surface and which can beremoved from that surface cleanly, that is, without leaving aresidue visible to the eye. For such adhesives, tack may bemeasured as the force required to separate an adhesive and theadhe
4、rend at the interface shortly after they have been broughtinto contact under a defined load of known duration at aspecified temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to a
5、ddress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 907 Termin
6、ology of Adhesives2E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3E 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Materials43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 T
7、his test method involves bringing the tip of a cleanedprobe of defined surface roughness into contact with theadhesive at a controlled rate, under a fixed pressure, for a shorttime, at a given temperature; and subsequently breaking thebond formed between the probe and adhesive, also at acontrolled r
8、ate. Tack is measured as the maximum forcerequired in breaking the adhesive bond.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of thepressure-sensitive tack of the adhesive.5.2 The method is designed for the adhesive mass itself andis suitable for measuring the tack of
9、pressure-sensitive adhe-sives for use on both rigid and flexible backings.5.3 This test method is suitable for quality control andresearch purposes.6. Apparatus6.1 ProbeA Type 304 stainless steel rod, 5.0 mm (0.197in.) in diameter, machined at one end of 90 to the longitudinalaxis. The tip is finish
10、ed to a surface roughness of not more than500 or less than 250 nm (20 to 10 in.) rms as measured by asurface-measuring device.5NOTE 1When the adhesive is supported on flexible backings, or isgreater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) thick, a probe with a spherical crown of0.05 mm (0.002 in.) high, and with a
11、 62.5-mm (2.5-in.) radius may beused.6.2 Pressure-Loading WeightAn annular ring whose in-side diameter is slightly larger than the probe diameter. Thering weight is such that the pressure applied to the sample is9.79 6 0.10 kPa (1.42 psi).NOTE 2Contact pressures of 0.98, 1.96, or 4.90 kPa (0.14, 0.2
12、8 or0.71 psi) may be obtained by employing annuli of different weight. Theselower pressures as well as ones of 98 kPa (14.2 psi) or higher can be usedto show the effect of pressure directly when tack is pressure-dependent.6.3 Force GageA spring device with an indicator thatretains the maximum force
13、reading until reset manually. Thespring characteristics is such that between 8.9 and 22.2 N (2and 5 lb) are required to extend it the permissible 2.5 mm (0.10in.). Mount the probe directly on the force gage.NOTE 3Other force-measuring devices such as strain gage load cells,or devices with different
14、force-deflection characteristics may be used incertain instances. Tack values obtained with these devices will differ inmagnitude but will be related to standard values obtained with thespecified gage.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct res
15、ponsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot Melt andPressure Sensitive Adhesives.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originallypublished as D 2979 71. Last previous edition D 2979 00.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.4Annua
16、l Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.5An example of a suitable surface-measuring device is a Surfindicator manu-factured by Gould, Inc., Gage and Control Div., 4601 Arden Dr., El Monte, CA.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.4 Testing Machine6A me
17、chanical system for bringingthe adhesive into contact with the probe, automatically con-trolling the dwell time during which the adhesive and probe arein contact under pressure, and subsequently pulling the adhe-sive away from the probe. The machine is capable of main-taining a constant crosshead sp
18、eed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s (24 60.24 in./min), sensing contact of probe with adhesive, stoppingfor 1 6 0.01 s, and then reversing at the same 10 6 0.1 mm/s(24 6 0.24 in./min) speed. The machine supports the probesuch that its top surface is parallel to the plane of the adhesiveat the time of contact to le
19、ss than a 0 10 min angle betweenthem. Probe to have force measurement accuracy of 61%ofreading, when calibrated in compliance with Practices E 4requirements.NOTE 4For some special purposes it may be desirable to measure thetack at dwell times as short as 0.1 s or as long as 100 s, depending on howqu
20、ickly the adhesive bond is to be established in the end use.7. Test Specimens7.1 If specimen is not already coated with adhesive, coat theadhesive on smooth, clear polyester (polyethylene terephtha-late, PET) film backing 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) thick. Therecommended dry adhesive thickness is 0.025 mm (
21、0.001 in.).NOTE 5Other films may also be used provided they do not react withthe adhesive or elongate excessively during the test. Microscope slides orcover glasses may be used to give rigid support to the adhesive.7.2 Adhesives already on some supporting material areexamined as they exist.8. Condit
22、ioning8.1 Testing Room Test in a standard laboratory atmo-sphere, in accordance with Specification E 171.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the probe with an absorbent material such assurgical gauze or tissue wet with a completely volatile solventthat is a good solvent for the adhesive under test. To besuitable,
23、 the material must be lint-free during use, absorbent,and contain no additives that are soluble in the cleaningsolvents used. Wipe with another piece of solvent-wet absor-bent material, and finally wipe the probe with a clean dry pieceof absorbent material to remove excess solvent. Wait 20 s or asuf
24、ficiently longer time if necessary, to allow for completeevaporation of the solvent and temperature equilibration.9.2 Place an appropriately sized specimen of supportedadhesive, sticky side down, on the annular ring weight. Use aspecimen large enough to cover the hole in the weight withoutslippage d
25、uring the test and small enough so that it does notadhere to the carrier supporting the weight. Place the weight inthe carrier.NOTE 6The proper relation of the supported adhesive on the ringweight to the probe is sketched in Fig. 1. One possible arrangement of thecarrier and force gage is also illus
26、trated.9.3 At a speed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s, bring the probe intocontact with the adhesive. After a dwell time of 1.0 6 0.01 sseparate the probe from the adhesive at 10 6 0.1 mm/s.9.4 Record the tack as the maximum force in newtonsrequired to separate the probe from the adhesive.9.5 Make at least five de
27、terminations taken at random pointson the supported adhesive. With grossly rough or nonuniformadhesive surfaces more than five determinations may benecessary to obtain the desired statistical reliability of theaverage tack value.9.6 Clean the probe surface with solvent after each test. Ininstances w
28、here tack values neither tend to increase or decreasesystematically, cleaning may be limited to each series of test ona given adhesive.NOTE 7If there is evidence of contamination by lint, large dustparticles, thumb prints, etc., the test shall be discounted. If the probesurface shows to the unaided
29、eye presence of deposited adhesive, the testshall also be discounted.6An example of a suitable machine is the Polyken Probe Tack Tester availablefrom Chemsultants International, Mentor, OH.AAdhesive WWeightBBacking PProbeCCarrier GGageFIG. 1 Sample Position in Probe Tack ApparatusD 2979210. Report10
30、.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the adhesive,10.1.2 Technique used for preparing film, if not alreadycoated,10.1.3 Conditioning time for the adhesive surface,10.1.4 Adhesive thickness,10.1.5 Solvent used to clean probe,10.1.6 Supporting backing material for the adhesive,
31、10.1.7 Separation rate of the probe,10.1.8 Dwell time,10.1.9 Contact pressure,10.1.10 Temperature and relative humidity if different fromstandard laboratory atmosphere, and10.1.11 Values of each of the tack readings, and the arith-metic average. Report tack values in newtons.NOTE 8The area of the pr
32、obe is 1.9635 3 105m2(0.03 in2). Toreport tack in N/m2, divide average tack by 1.9635 3 105m2(0.03 in2).11. Precision and Bias11.1 Round-robin testing is planned with results expectedby 2004.12. Keywords12.1 inverted probe machine; pressure-sensitive adhesive;probe tackThe American Society for Testi
33、ng and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are e
34、ntirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
35、and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,
36、 at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).D 29793
