1、Designation: D2979 16Standard Test Method forPressure-Sensitive Tack of Adhesives Using an InvertedProbe Machine1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the pressure-sensitive tack of adhesives. This test method is applicable totho
3、se adhesives which form a bond of measurable strengthrapidly upon contact with another surface and which can beremoved from that surface cleanly, that is, without leaving aresidue visible to the eye. For such adhesives, tack may bemeasured as the force required to separate an adhesive and theadheren
4、d at the interface shortly after they have been broughtinto contact under a defined load of known duration at aspecified temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
5、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminolo
6、gy of AdhesivesE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible BarrierPackaging3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D907.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method involves bringing the tip
7、 of a cleanedprobe of defined surface roughness into contact with theadhesive at a controlled rate, under a fixed pressure, for a shorttime, at a given temperature; and subsequently breaking thebond formed between the probe and adhesive, also at acontrolled rate. Tack is measured as the maximum forc
8、erequired in breaking the adhesive bond.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a quantitative measure of thepressure-sensitive tack of the adhesive.5.2 The method is designed for the adhesive mass itself andis suitable for measuring the tack of pressure-sensitive adhe-sives for use on
9、both rigid and flexible backings.5.3 This test method is suitable for quality control andresearch purposes.6. Apparatus6.1 ProbeA Type 304 stainless steel rod, 5.0 mm(0.197 in.) in diameter, machined at one end of 90 to thelongitudinal axis. The tip is finished to a surface roughness ofnot more than
10、 500 or less than 250 nm (20 to 10 in.) rms asmeasured by a surface-measuring device.3NOTE 1When the adhesive is supported on flexible backings, or isgreater than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) thick, a probe with a spherical crown of0.05 mm (0.002 in.) high, and with a 62.5-mm (2.5-in.) radius may beused.6.2
11、Pressure-Loading WeightAn annular ring whose in-side diameter is slightly larger than the probe diameter. Thering weight is such that the pressure applied to the sample is9.79 6 0.10 kPa (1.42 psi).NOTE 2Contact pressures of 0.98, 1.96, or 4.90 kPa (0.14, 0.28 or0.71 psi) may be obtained by employin
12、g annuli of different weight. Theselower pressures as well as ones of 98 kPa (14.2 psi) or higher can be usedto show the effect of pressure directly when tack is pressure-dependent.6.3 Force GageA spring device with an indicator thatretains the maximum force reading until reset manually. The1This te
13、st method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 onPackaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tape andLabels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2979 01(2009).DOI: 10
14、.1520/D2979-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3An example of a suitable surface-measuring de
15、vice is a Surfindicator manu-factured by Gould, Inc., Gage and Control Div., 4601 Arden Dr., El Monte, CA.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1spring characteristics is such that between 8.9 and 22.2 N (2and 5 lb) are requi
16、red to extend it the permissible 2.5 mm (0.10in.). Mount the probe directly on the force gage.NOTE 3Other force-measuring devices such as strain gage load cells,or devices with different force-deflection characteristics may be used incertain instances. Tack values obtained with these devices will di
17、ffer inmagnitude but will be related to standard values obtained with thespecified gage.6.4 Testing MachineAmechanical system for bringing theadhesive into contact with the probe, automatically controllingthe dwell time during which the adhesive and probe are incontact under pressure, and subsequent
18、ly pulling the adhesiveaway from the probe. The machine is capable of maintaining aconstant crosshead speed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s (24 6 0.24 in-.min), sensing contact of probe with adhesive, stopping for 16 0.01 s, and then reversing at the same 10 6 0.1 mm/s (24 60.24 in./min) speed. The machine support
19、s the probe such thatits top surface is parallel to the plane of the adhesive at the timeof contact to less than a 0 10 min angle between them. Probeto have force measurement accuracy of 61 % of reading, whencalibrated in compliance with Practices E4requirements.NOTE 4For some special purposes it ma
20、y be desirable to measure thetack at dwell times as short as 0.1 s or as long as 100 s, depending on howquickly the adhesive bond is to be established in the end use.7. Test Specimens7.1 If specimen is not already coated with adhesive, coat theadhesive on smooth, clear polyester (polyethyleneterepht
21、halate, PET) film backing 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) thick.The recommended dry adhesive thickness is 0.025 mm(0.001 in.).NOTE 5Other films may also be used provided they do not react withthe adhesive or elongate excessively during the test. Microscope slides orcover glasses may be used to give rigid suppor
22、t to the adhesive.7.2 Adhesives already on some supporting material areexamined as they exist.8. Conditioning8.1 Testing RoomTest in a standard laboratoryatmosphere, in accordance with Specification E171.9. Procedure9.1 Clean the probe with an absorbent material such assurgical gauze or tissue wet w
23、ith a completely volatile solventthat is a good solvent for the adhesive under test. To besuitable, the material must be lint-free during use, absorbent,and contain no additives that are soluble in the cleaningsolvents used. Wipe with another piece of solvent-wet absor-bent material, and finally wip
24、e the probe with a clean dry pieceof absorbent material to remove excess solvent. Wait 20 s or asufficiently longer time if necessary, to allow for completeevaporation of the solvent and temperature equilibration.9.2 Place an appropriately sized specimen of supportedadhesive, sticky side down, on th
25、e annular ring weight. Use aspecimen large enough to cover the hole in the weight withoutslippage during the test and small enough so that it does notadhere to the carrier supporting the weight. Place the weight inthe carrier.NOTE 6The proper relation of the supported adhesive on the ringweight to t
26、he probe is sketched in Fig. 1. One possible arrangement of thecarrier and force gage is also illustrated.9.3 At a speed of 10 6 0.1 mm/s, bring the probe intocontact with the adhesive. After a dwell time of 1.0 6 0.01 sseparate the probe from the adhesive at 10 6 0.1 mm/s.9.4 Record the tack as the
27、 maximum force in newtonsrequired to separate the probe from the adhesive.9.5 Make at least five determinations taken at random pointson the supported adhesive. With grossly rough or nonuniformadhesive surfaces more than five determinations may benecessary to obtain the desired statistical reliabili
28、ty of theaverage tack value.AAdhesive WWeightBBacking PProbeCCarrier GGageFIG. 1 Sample Position in Probe Tack ApparatusD2979 1629.6 Clean the probe surface with solvent after each test. Ininstances where tack values neither tend to increase or decreasesystematically, cleaning may be limited to each
29、 series of test ona given adhesive.NOTE 7If there is evidence of contamination by lint, large dustparticles, thumb prints, etc., the test shall be discounted. If the probesurface shows to the unaided eye presence of deposited adhesive, the testshall also be discounted.10. Report10.1 Report the follo
30、wing information:10.1.1 Identification of the adhesive,10.1.2 Technique used for preparing film, if not alreadycoated,10.1.3 Conditioning time for the adhesive surface,10.1.4 Adhesive thickness,10.1.5 Solvent used to clean probe,10.1.6 Supporting backing material for the adhesive,10.1.7 Separation r
31、ate of the probe,10.1.8 Dwell time,10.1.9 Contact pressure,10.1.10 Temperature and relative humidity if different fromstandard laboratory atmosphere, and10.1.11 Values of each of the tack readings, and the arith-metic average. Report tack values in newtons.NOTE 8The area of the probe is 1.9635 105m2
32、(0.03 in2). To reporttack in N/m2, divide average tack by 1.9635 105m2(0.03 in2).11. Precision and Bias11.1 An interlaboratory study is being developed for theprecision and bias statement.12. Keywords12.1 inverted probe machine; pressure-sensitive adhesive;probe tackASTM International takes no posit
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