1、Designation: D2980 04 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Test Method forVolume Mass, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porocity ofSaturated Peat Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method was designed to evaluate the aeration,water penetration, and water ret
3、ention properties of peat underfield conditions of water saturation.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a
4、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngage
5、d in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE11 Sp
6、ecification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The test method sets up standardized conditions formeasuring the volume and mass of saturated peat. From thesedata, saturated volume masses, moisture-holding capacity (on amass and volume basis), dry peat volumes,
7、 and porocity can bedetermined.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method measures the air spaces of peat and themoisture-holding capacity on either a mass and/or a volumebasis under conditions of saturation. If large spaces are present,water and air can penetrate easily. If spaces are smaller, the
8、water holding capacity is increased. Water holding capacity islarger in humified peat materials (small inter-particulatespaces), whereas water and air-penetration is larger in unhu-mified peat (larger inter-particulate spaces). The spaces canalso be aan indication of the oxygen available to the plan
9、troots.4.2 The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it,and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sa
10、mpling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautionedthat compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of thosefactors.5. Apparatus5.1 Dispensing ApparatusTwo dispensing bure
11、ts, 250-mLcapacity in 1-mL subdivisions, 62-mL tolerance, pinch-cocktype; a one-hole No. 6 rubber stopper; straight polyethylenedrying tube with serrated rubber tubing fittings, 150 mm long,19 mm (34 in) in outside diameter, 16 mm (58 in.) in insidediameter;3a 4-mesh sieve; a balance; a moistureproo
12、f (air-tight) container; a 5-gal (20-L) bottle equipped with a siphondevice; and a stainless steel sieve circle about 16 mesh and28.7 mm in diameter to be attached to one end of the dryingtube and sealed. (A soldering iron is useful.) Adjust the lengthof the tube to match conveniently the graduation
13、 of the buret;then scallop the end without the sieve to allow for waterdrainage, and insert the tube into the dispensing buret with thesieve side up.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a M
14、ediumfor Plant Growth.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2980 04. DOI:10.1520/D2980-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
15、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A Cenco No. 14782-2 drying tube has been found suitable for this purpose. Ifyou are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Head
16、quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Sample6.1 Place a representative field sample on a
17、 square rubbersheet, paper, or oil cloth. Reduce the sample to the quantityrequired by quartering and place in a pre-tared moisture-proofcontainer. Work rapidly to prevent moisture losses.7. Procedure7.1 Determine the moisture content on a separate testspecimen by Method I or II of Test Methods D297
18、4.7.1.1 Weigh the buret fitted with the plastic tube and screen.Working rapidly to prevent moisture losses, mix the samplethoroughly, place on top of a 4-mesh sieve, and shake untilsieving is complete. Use only the portion that has passedthrough the sieve for the determination. Firmly pack the buret
19、with 250 mm (10 in.) of the material passing the 4-mesh sieveas follows: Attach the rubber stopper to the delivery end of theburet.Add 20-mL portions of the sample, firmly tapping on therubber stopper 3 times vertically from a height of 150 mm (6in.) for a final height of 50 mm (10 in.) (This will e
20、nsure thatthe height of the final wet volume is 190 to 250 mm. (7.5 to 10in). Remove the stopper and weigh the buret to nearest 1 g.7.1.2 Position the buret to use a sink as the drain. Place a20-L (5-gal) bottle equipped with a siphon device above thelevel of the buret. Connect the clamped rubber tu
21、bing of thesiphon device to the buret by inserting glass tubing about 125mm (5 in.) and constricted at one end into the one-hole rubberstopper fitted tightly into the top of the buret.Attach the rubbertubing with the pinch clamp to the delivery end of the buret.Open both clamps and pass water throug
22、h the sample for morethan 24 h, maintaining a water reservoir over the sample at alltimes. (Moss-type samples may float but gradually settle as thesample becomes wet.) After initial soaking, regulate the waterflow through the column by adjusting the screw clamp at thedelivery end of the buret. (The
23、in-flow of water should be aboutequal to the out-flow; a flow of about 1 drop/s is suitable.)When the sample is saturated, close both clamps and let thesample settle in water for about 5 min. The top surface of thesample should be as level as possible.7.1.3 Raise the buret and replace the rubber sto
24、pper on thedelivery end of the buret with a 250-mL dispensing buret filledwith water, using the rubber stopper for the connection.Connect the two burets tightly, with no air leaks. Remove thesiphon device and open the outlet clamps on both burets toempty. (The suction created is equivalent to about
25、38 mm (15in). of water. Check for air leaks to ensure that the standardsuction is exerted on the sample. It is important to removeexcess water as described.) Measure the height of the wet peat.The height should be 190 to 250 mm (7.5 to 10 in.). Record thevolume in millilitres and weigh the buret, th
26、e plastic tube withthe sieve, and the wet peat to the nearest 1 g. Wet the sampleagain as above for more than 1 h, drain by suction, record thevolume, and mass. Repeat until consistent results are obtained.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the saturated volume mass, S, in grams permillilitre as follows:As
27、-received:S 5 Wr/Vw(1)Oven-dried:S 5 Wd/Vw(2)Wet:S 5 Ww/Vw(3)where:Wr= mass of test specimen as received, g,Vw= wet volume, mL,Wd= mass of dried test specimen, g = Wr3 (100 M)/100,M = moisture, %, andWw= mass of wet test specimen, g.8.2 Calculate the moisture-holding capacity in percent asfollows:8.
28、2.1 Mass basis, W:As-received:W 5 Ww2 Wr! 3 100/Wr(4)Oven-dried:W 5 Ww2 Wd! 3 100/Wd(5)8.2.2 Volume basis, V:V 5 Ww2 Wd! 3 100/Vw3 1.0! (6)8.3 Calculate the dry peat volume, P, in percent as follows:P 5 Wd3 100!/Vw3 1.4! (7)8.4 Calculate the porocity, A, in percent as follows:A 5 100 2 V 1 P! (8)9.
29、Report9.1 Report the saturated volume mass to the nearest 0.01 g.Report percentage results to the nearest whole number.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionDue to the nature of the soil or rockmaterials tested by this method it is either not feasible or toocostly at this time to produce multiple spec
30、imens which haveuniform physical properties.Any variation observed in the datais just as likely to be due to specimen variation as to operatortesting variation. Subcommittee D18.22 welcomes proposalsthat would allow for development of a valid precision state-ment.10.2 BiasThere is no accepted refere
31、nce value for this testmethod, therefore, bias cannot be determined.11. Keywords11.1 moisture; moisture holding capacity; peat; porocityD2980 04 (2010)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us
32、ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ever
33、y five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techni
34、cal committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
35、n, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2980 04 (2010)3
