1、Designation: D 2996 01 (Reapproved 2007)e1An American National StandardStandard Specification forFilament-Wound “Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedThermosetting-Resin) Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2996; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Departme
3、nt of Defense.e1NOTENote 3 was editorially updated in April 2007.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers machine-made reinforced ther-mosetting resin pressure pipe (RTRP) manufactured by thefilament winding process up to 24 in. nominal size. Includedare a classification system and requirements for ma
4、terials,mechanical properties, dimensions, performance, methods oftest, and marking.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest meth
5、od portion, Section 8, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory li
6、mita-tions prior to use.NOTE 1The term “fiberglass pipe” as described in Section 3 of thisspecification applies to both reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP). This specification coversonly reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP).NOTE 2This specificati
7、on is applicable to RTRP where the ratio ofoutside diameter to wall thickness is 10:1 or more.NOTE 3There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.NOTE 4For the purposes of this standard, polymer does not includenatural polymers.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Condit
8、ioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydrau-lic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and
9、FittingsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 2105 Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile Properties of“Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and TubeD 2143 Test Method for Cyclic Pressure Strength of Rein-forced, Thermosetting Plastic PipeD 2310 Classif
10、ication for Machine-Made “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD 2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD 2992 Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure De-sign Basis for “Fiberglass” (Glass-Fiber-Rei
11、nforcedThermosetting-Resin) Pipe and FittingsD 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of “Fiber-glass” (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipeand FittingsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Term
12、i-nologies D 883 and F 412 and abbreviations are in accordancewith Terminology D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. Theabbreviation for reinforced thermosetting resin pipe is RTRP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coatinga resin layer, with or without filler or rein-forcement,
13、or both, applied to the exterior surface of the pipestructural wall.3.2.2 fiberglass pipea tubular product containing glass-fiber reinforcements embedded in or surrounded by curedthermosetting resin; the composite structure may contain1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
14、20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlastic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 2996 01.2For referenced ASTM standard
15、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Internat
16、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.aggregate, granular or platelet fillers, thixotropic agents, pig-ments, or dyes; thermoplastic or thermosetting liners or coat-ings may be included.3.2.3 filament windinga process used to manufacturetubular go
17、ods by winding continuous fibrous glass strandroving, or roving tape, saturated with liquid resin or preim-pregnated with partially cured resin (subsequent heating maybe required to polymerize the resin system) onto the outside ofa mandrel in a predetermined pattern under controlled tension;the insi
18、de diameter (ID) of the pipe is fixed by the mandreloutside diameter and the outside diameter (OD) of the pipe isdetermined by the amount of material that is wound on themandrel.3.2.4 linerthe inner portion of the wall at least 0.005 in.(0.13 mm) in thickness, as determined in 8.3.2, which does notc
19、ontribute to the strength in the determination of the hydro-static design basis.3.2.5 reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP)a fiberglasspipe with aggregate.3.2.6 reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP)a fiber-glass pipe without aggregate.3.2.7 reinforced wall thicknessthe total wall thicknessminus
20、 the liner or exterior coating thickness, or both.4. Classification4.1 GeneralPipe meeting this specification is classified bytype, grade, class, and hydrostatic design basis in accordancewith Classification D 2310 and by a secondary cell classifica-tion system that defines the basic mechanical prop
21、erties of thepipe. These types, grades, classes, hydrostatic design basiscategories, and cell classification designations are as follows:4.1.1 Types:Type 1Filament wound.4.1.2 Grades:Grade 1Glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin pipe.Grade 2Glass fiber reinforced polyester resin pipe.Grade 7Glass fiber
22、reinforced furan resin pipe.4.1.3 Classes:Class ANo liner.Class BPolyester resin liner (nonreinforced).Class CEpoxy resin liner (nonreinforced).Class EPolyester resin liner (reinforced).Class FEpoxy resin liner (reinforced).Class HThermoplastic resin liner (specify).Class IFuran resin liner (reinfor
23、ced).4.1.4 Hydrostatic Design BasisTwo methods of classify-ing the hydrostatic design basis of the pipe are provided. Pipemeeting this specification may be classified using either thecyclic test method or the static test method, or both, and thedesignations as shown in Table 1. Appendix X1 explains
24、howthese design basis categories are to be used.4.1.4.1 For pipe subjected to axial or end loads, the effect ofthese loads shall be represented in the HDB testing. In thedesignation code, the numeral 1 shall immediately follow theHDB letter class if free-end type closures were used and thenumeral 2
25、shall immediately follow the HDB letter class ifrestrained-end type closures were used to establish the HDB.4.1.5 Mechanical PropertiesTable 2 presents a cell clas-sification system for identifying the mechanical properties ofpipe covered by this specification.NOTE 5All possible combinations covered
26、 by the above classificationsystem may not be commercially available.4.1.6 Designation CodeThe pipe designation code shallconsist of the abbreviation RTRP, followed by the type andgrade in Arabic numerals, the class and static or cyclic HDBlevel in capital letters, the type of end closure used, and
27、fourArabic numbers identifying, respectively, the cell classificationdesignations of the short-term rupture strength, longitudinaltensile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, and apparentstiffness of the pipe.Example: RTRP-11FA1-1334. Such a designation woulddescribe a filament-wound, glass-fiber
28、 reinforced, epoxy pipeTABLE 1 Hydrostatic Design Basis CategoriesCyclic Test Method Static Test MethodDesignationHoop Stress, psi(MPa) DesignationHoop Stress, psi(MPa)A 2 500 (17.2) Q 5 000 (34.5)B 3 150 (21.7) R 6 300 (43.4)C 4 000 (27.6) S 8 000 (55.2)D 5 000 (34.5) T 10 000 (68.9)E 6 300 (43.4)
29、U 12 500 (86.2)F 8 000 (55.2) W 16 000 (110)G 10 000 (68.9) X 20 000 (138)H 12 500 (86.2) Y 25 000 (172)Z 31 500 (217)TABLE 2 Physical Property RequirementsDesignationOrder Number Mechanical Property 0A1234561 Short-term rupture strength hooptensile stress, min, psiB. . . 10 000 30 000 40 000 50 000
30、 60 000 70 000(MPa) . . . (68.9) (207) (276) (345) (414) (483)2 Longitudinal tensile strength min,psi. . . 8 000 15 000 25 000 35 000 45 000 55 000(MPa) . . . (55.2) (103) (172) (241) (310) (379)3 Longitudinal tensile modulus,min, psi 3 106123456(MPa) . . . (6 900) (13 000) (20 700) (27 600) (34 500
31、) (41 400)4 Apparent stiffness factor at 5 %deflection, min, in.3lbf/in.2. . . 40 200 1000 1500 2000 2500(mm3kPa) . . . (4.5) (22.6) (113) (170) (226) (282)AUnspecified.BType of end closure used, that is, free or restrained should be indicated on certification.D 2996 01 (2007)e12having a reinforced
32、epoxy liner; a cyclic pressure strengthexceeding 2500 psi (17.2 MPa) using free-end closures; ashort-term rupture strength exceeding 10 000 psi (68.9 MPa);a longitudinal tensile strength exceeding 25 000 psi (172MPa); a longitudinal tensile modulus exceeding 3 3 106psi(20.7 3 103MPa); and an apparen
33、t stiffness factor exceeding1500 in.3lbf/in.2(170 mm3kPa).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 GeneralThe resins, reinforcements, colorants, fillers,and other materials, when combined as a composite structure,shall produce a pipe that shall meet the performance require-ments of this specification.6. Phys
34、ical Requirements Physical Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe shall be free of all defectsincluding indentations, delaminations, bubbles, pinholes, for-eign inclusions, and resin-starved areas which, due to theirnature, degree, or extent, detrimentally affect the strength andserviceability of the p
35、ipe. The pipe shall be as uniform ascommercially practicable in color, opacity, and other physicalproperties. The pipe shall be round and straight and the bore ofthe pipe shall be smooth and uniform.All pipe ends shall be cutat right angles to the axis of the pipe and any sharp edgesremoved.6.2 Dime
36、nsions and Tolerances:6.2.1 Inside and Outside DiameterThe inside and outsidediameter and tolerances of pipe meeting these specificationsshall conform to the requirements in one of the Tables 3-6,when determined in accordance with 8.3.1.6.2.2 Wall ThicknessThe minimum wall thickness of pipefurnished
37、 under this specification shall not at any point be lessthan 87.5 % of the nominal wall thickness published in themanufacturers literature current at the time of purchase whenmeasured in accordance with 8.3.1.6.3 PerformancePipe meeting this specification shall becategorized by a long-term static or
38、 cyclic hydrostatic designbasis as shown in Table 1 when tested in accordance with 8.4or 8.5.Additionally, the pipe shall meet the applicable cell limitrequirements for short-term rupture strength, longitudinal ten-sile strength, longitudinal tensile modulus, and apparent stiff-ness factor as descri
39、bed in Table 2 when tested in accordancewith 8.6 through 8.8.6.3.1 Any significant changes in the original pipe catego-rized in 6.3, with respect to materials or manufacturingprocess, will require recategorizing according to 6.3. Thesechanges include, but are not limited to: a change in reinforce-me
40、nt type, composition, or binder; a change in resin type,composition, or cure; or change in linear composition, thick-ness, or cure.NOTE 6The purchaser should consult the manufacturer for the properclass, type, and grade of pipe to be used under the installation andoperating conditions, with respect
41、to temperature, conveyed fluid, pres-sure, etc., that will exist for the project in which the pipe is to be used.TABLE 3 Dimensions and Tolerances for Outside Diameter (OD)Series Pipe with Steel-Pipe-Equivalent (Iron Pipe Size)Nominal Pipe Size, in. in. (mm)1 1.315 + 0.060 33.40 + 1.520.016 0.41112
42、1.900 + 0.060 48.26 + 1.520.018 0.462 2.375 + 0.060 60.32 + 1.520.018 0.46212 2.875 + 0.060 73.02 + 1.520.018 0.463 3.500 + 0.060 88.90 + 1.520.018 0.464 4.500 + 0.060 114.30 + 1.520.018 0.466 6.625 + 0.066 168.28 + 1.680.028 0.648 8.625 + 0.086 219.08 + 2.180.040 1.0210 10.750 + 0.108 273.05 + 2.74
43、0.048 1.2212 12.750 + 0.128 323.85 + 3.250.056 1.4214 14.000 + 0.145 355.60 + 3.680.064 1.6316 16.000 + 0.165 406.40 + 4.190.074 1.88AOutside diameters other than listed in Tables 3 to 6 shall be permitted byagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.TABLE 4 Dimensions and Tolerances for I
44、nside Diameter (ID)Series PipeNominal Pipe Size, in. in. mm1 1.00 6 0.06 25.4 6 1.52112 1.5006 0.06 38.1 6 1.522 2.000 6 0.06 50.8 6 1.52212 2.5006 0.06 63.5 6 1.523 3.000 6 0.12 76.2 6 3.054 4.000 6 0.12 101.6 6 3.056 6.000 6 0.25 152.4 6 6.358 8.000 6 0.25 203.2 6 6.3510 10.000 6 0.25 254.0 6 6.35
45、12 12.000 6 0.25 304.8 6 6.3514 14.000 6 0.25 355.6 6 6.3515 15.000 6 0.25 381.0 6 6.3516 16.000 6 0.25 406.4 6 6.3518 18.000 6 0.25 457.2 6 6.3520 20.000 6 0.25 508.0 6 6.3524 24.000 6 0.25 609.6 6 6.35TABLE 5 Dimensions for Outside Diameter (OD) Series Pipewith Cast-Iron-Pipe-EquivalentNominal Pip
46、e Size, in. in. mm2 2.50 + 0.05 63.50 + 1.270.05 1.273 3.96 + 0.06 100.58 + 1.520.06 1.524 4.80 + 0.06 121.92 + 1.520.06 1.526 6.90 + 0.06 175.26 + 1.520.06 1.528 9.05 + 0.06 229.87 + 1.520.06 1.5210 11.10 + 0.06 281.94 + 1.520.06 1.5212 13.20 + 0.06 335.28 + 1.520.06 1.5214 15.30 + 0.05 388.62 + 1.
47、270.08 2.0316 17.40 + 0.05 441.96 + 1.270.08 2.03D 2996 01 (2007)e137. Sampling7.1 At least one sample of pipe, to determine conformanceof the material to the short-term hoop tensile rupture require-ments as shown in Table 2, shall be taken at random on aweekly basis or on each production run, which
48、ever is the mostfrequent. The rate of sampling for the other tests listed shall bein accordance with accepted statistical practice or as agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.7.2 For individual orders, only those additional tests andnumber of tests specifically agreed upon between the purc
49、haserand the seller need to be conducted.8. Test Methods8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 48 h prior to test, in accordance with Procedure A ofMethods D 618, for those tests where conditioning is required,and in all cases of disagreement.8.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests in the StandardLaboratory Atmosphere of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 65 % relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the testmetho
