1、Designation: D3014 18Standard Test Method forFlame Height, Time of Burning, and Loss of Mass of RigidThermoset Cellular Plastics in a Vertical Position1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3014; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard. This test methodcovers a small-scale l
3、aboratory screening procedure for com-paring relative extent and time of burning and loss of mass ofrigid thermoset cellular plastics. This test method is to be usedsolely to establish relative burning characteristics and shall notbe considered or used as a fire-hazard classification.1.1.1 This test
4、 method shall not be used for materials thatdrip or melt under the test conditions.1.2 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, orboth, are evolved which are potentially hazardous to personnel.Adequate precautions shall be taken to protect the operator.1.3 This standard does not purport to
5、address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Aspecific precautionary statement is
6、 given in 1.2.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of materials, products, or assemblies under ac
7、tualfire conditions.1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed inconducting these tests.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognize
8、d principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating
9、 to PlasticsD1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Met
10、hod3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to plastics,the definitions in this test method are in accordance withTerminology D883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions inthis test method are in accordance with Terminology E176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specimen i
11、s mounted in a vertical chimney with aglass front and ignited with a bunsen burner for 10 s. Theheight and duration of flame and the mass percent retained bythe specimen are recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 Tests made on rigid cellular materials in accordancewith the conditions described by this
12、test method can be ofconsiderable value in comparing their burning characteristics.5.2 This test method has been applied to flexible cellularmaterials and other plastics, but no detailed studies have beenconducted to determine its general applicability to thesematerials.5.3 In this procedure, the sp
13、ecimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, it is not always possible by or from this test to predictchanges in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. The1This test method
14、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal PropertiesCurrent edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3014 - 11. DOI:10.1520/D3014-18.2
15、For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stand
16、ardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of In
17、ternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1results are therefore valid only for the fire-test-exposureconditions described in this procedure.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Chimney, conforming to the dimensions in Fig. 1
18、.The body of the chimney shall be made of non-corrodingmetal. Fastened into the chimney is an insert made of0.025-mm thick aluminum foil. The insert shall be held inplace by a stainless steel channel that carries three pins tosupport the specimen. A heat-resistant glass panel forms thefront wall of
19、the chimney (see Figs. 2 and 3). A scale, inmillimeters, graduated at 10-mm intervals shall be provided atone side of the glass panel for determining flame height (seeFig. 1 and Fig. 4). The scale shall begin from a height of 51 mmabove the bottom of the chimney.6.2 Timer, capable of measuring to th
20、e nearest 0.1 s fordetermining the duration of burning.6.3 BurnerA standard gas burner with a 9.5-mm insidediameter barrel capable of producing a flame with an innercone temperature of 960 6 5C is required to ignite thespecimens. See Specification D5025 for burner construction.6.4 Balance, capable o
21、f weighing to the nearest 0.01 g forweighing the specimen.FIG. 1 Critical Dimensions of ChimneyFIG. 2 Critical Dimensions of Specimen SupportD3014 1826.5 Test ChamberA relatively draft-free laboratory hood.The fan shall be switched off during the test, but turned onimmediately following the test to
22、remove products of combus-tion.7. Test Specimens7.1 Six specimens shall be cut from a material of uniformdensity. The specimens shall be 254 6 1mmby196 0.5 mmby 19 6 0.5 mm and shall be free of dust, and the cut edgesshall be smooth.7.2 If any single specimen varies by more than 20 % fromthe average
23、 density of the six specimens (see 9.1), the sampleshall be considered unacceptable for testing by this testmethod.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the specimens for a minimum of 24 h at atemperature of 23 6 2C and a relative humidity of 50 6 10 %.8.2 The specimens shall remain in the temperature- andhu
24、midity-controlled atmosphere until immediately prior totesting. For convenience, the specimens can be stored up to 1h in closed polyethylene bags after conditioning and prior totesting.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the density of each specimen in accordancewith Test Method D1622.9.2 Weigh and record the
25、 mass (M ) of each specimen to thenearest 0.01 g.9.3 Weigh and record the mass (S1) of the specimen supportto the nearest 0.01 g.9.4 Ignite and adjust the burner so that the inner blue coneis 25 to 35 mm high. Further adjust the burner until thetemperature at the top of the inner cone is 960 6 5C.NO
26、TE 2To obtain 960C, it will be necessary to use a burner withpropane gas, or natural gas. In order to minimize the time and frequencyrequired for temperature calibration, it is necessary to maintain a steadysupply of gas. Thermocouples have been found useful to make thistemperature measurement.9.5 I
27、mpale the specimen on the three pins of the specimensupport, with the top of the specimen even with the top of thespecimen support as shown in Fig. 3. It is possible thathigh-density cellular plastics will require holes to be drilled inthe specimen to allow insertion of the pins. When required, theh
28、oles must be drilled at the time of specimen preparation. (Ifholes are drilled, the specimen shall be weighed after drilling,see 9.2.)9.6 Line the chimney with aluminum foil so that it is againstthe sides and back of the chimney and flush with the bottom.Place the shiny side of the aluminum foil tow
29、ards the testspecimen. A new liner shall be installed for each specimen.9.7 Place the specimen support in the chimney so that thetop of the specimen is even with the top of the chimney, asshown in Fig. 4.9.8 Put the glass front in place and ignite the specimen byplacing the inner cone of the burner
30、flame under the center ofthe specimen for 10 s. Simultaneous with placing the flameunder the specimen, start the timer to determine the time toextinguishment (Te). Keep the burner at an angle of about 15from the vertical as shown in Fig. 4.NOTE 3Accurate positioning of the burner is facilitated by u
31、se of acradle to hold the burner at the proper angle and distance from thespecimen.9.9 Measure the maximum flame height (H), during com-bustion of the specimen, to the nearest 10 mm with theFIG. 3 Test Specimen Impaled on Specimen Support (Side View)FIG. 4 Burner Position Under Specimen in Chimney (
32、Front View)D3014 183flame-height scale on the front of the chimney and record theheight. If the flame rises above the top of the scale, record as250 + mm.9.10 Stop the timer when combustion of the specimenceases and record as time to extinguishment (Te) to the nearestsecond. If the time to extinguis
33、hment is less than 10 s, note thetime but continue to apply the flame for 10 s.9.11 After cooling, remove the specimen support and speci-men and weigh, without removing the specimen, to the nearest0.01 g, and record (S2).9.12 Clean the specimen support and repeat 9.5 9.11 untilall specimens have bee
34、n ignited.10. Symbols10.1 Symbols are identified as mentioned below:H = maximum flame height during combustion, mm.Te= time between application of burner flame and speci-men flame extinguishment, s. Afterglow shall not beincluded in this time.S1= mass of the specimen support, g.M = mass of the speci
35、men, g.S2= mass of specimen and specimen support afterignition, g.PMR = percent mass retained by entire specimen.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the percent mass retained of the specimenafter ignition by the equation:PMR 5 S22 S1!/M# 3100 (1)12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 A des
36、cription of the material, including type ofplastic or trade name, date of manufacture, manufacturers lotnumber, or other identifying information,12.1.2 Average density,12.1.3 Average time to extinguishment for the six speci-mens to the nearest second,12.1.4 Number of specimens that produced flaming
37、drips,12.1.5 Average mass percent retained for the six specimens,12.1.6 Average flame height for the six specimens to thenearest 25 mm,12.1.7 Air temperature and relative humidity during storageprior to conditioning and storage time, and12.1.8 Air temperature and relative humidity during flametestin
38、g.13. Precision and Bias313.1 Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 are based on a roundrobin completed in 1988 in accordance with Practice E691,involving seven materials tested by six laboratories. Thematerials included one phenolic (Material No. 1) and sixpolyurethanes (Material Nos. 27). Each test result
39、 was theaverage of six individual determinations. Each laboratoryobtained five test results for each material.13.1.1 It is recommended that users of this test methodapply the principles outlined in Practice E691 to generate dataspecific to their laboratory and materials, or between specificlaborator
40、ies.13.2 The concepts of repeatability and reproducibility areimportant measures of the equivalence procedure, but cannot,alone, determine equivalence. Inferences from applying esti-mates based only upon variability to equivalence are likely tobe incorrect and can easily lead to improper decisions b
41、eingmade. The data in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 shall not berigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material, asthose data are specific to the round robin and are not to berepresentative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laborato-ries.13.3 BiasThere are no recognized standards on
42、 which tobase an estimate of bias for this test method.14. Keywords14.1 cellular plastics; flame height; flammability; mass loss;time of burning; vertical position3Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR:D20-1159.TABLE 1 Percent Mass RetainedMaterialMass Retained, %Average s
43、rsRrR4 18.11 3.09 5.25 8.65 14.706 24.33 2.34 2.65 6.55 7.425 74.13 2.39 3.06 6.69 8.573 74.25 2.26 2.67 6.33 7.482 75.57 1.26 3.26 3.53 9.137 75.62 1.46 2.43 4.09 6.801 95.03 1.40 2.33 3.92 6.52TABLE 2 Time to ExtinguishmentMaterialTime to Extinguishment, sAverage srsRrR1 9.04 0.58 2.50 1.62 7.003
44、11.05 0.46 0.52 1.29 1.467 11.13 0.48 0.58 1.34 1.625 11.47 0.36 0.40 1.01 1.122 12.12 0.63 1.12 1.76 3.146 17.20 1.31 2.30 3.67 6.444 24.07 3.11 4.75 8.71 13.30TABLE 3 Flame HeightMaterialFlame Height, cmAverage srsRrR1 15.59 0.58 5.54 1.62 15.512 22.69 0.63 2.04 1.76 5.713 22.77 0.46 2.35 1.29 6.5
45、85 23.26 0.36 1.71 1.01 4.794 25.00 3.11 3.11 8.71 8.716 25.00 1.31 1.31 3.67 3.677 26.60 0.48 3.05 1.34 8.54sr= withinlaboratory standard deviation of the average,sR= betweenlaboratories standard deviation of the average,r = 2.8 sr, andR = 2.8 sR.D3014 184SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identif
46、ied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D301411)that may impact the use of this standard. (May 1, 2018)(1) Revised 3.1.(2) Revised 6.1.(3) Corrected Figure 3 (inserted corrected figure).(4) Revised 6.3.(5) Revised 6.5.(6) Revised 7.1.(7) Added 7.2.(8) Revised 8.1.
47、(9) Revised 8.2.(10) Revised Note 2 under 9.4.(11) Revised 9.5.(12) Revised 10.1.(13) Corrected Section 13.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised th
48、at determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappr
49、oved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
