1、Designation: D3023 98 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Practice forDetermination of Resistance of Factory-Applied Coatings onWood Products to Stains and Reagents1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers evaluation of clear factory-appliedcoating systems on
3、wood substrates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
4、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theD
5、evelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D333 Guide for C
6、lear and Pigmented LacquersD2571 Guide for Testing Wood Furniture Lacquers (With-drawn 2003)33. Significance and Use3.1 When used in conjunction with Guide D333, thispractice will provide a comprehensive evaluation of resistanceto stains caused by chemical reagents and household chemi-cals.3.2 This
7、practice applies only to coatings applied in suffi-cient quantity to form a continuous film. It is recommendedthat the dry film thickness of the coating under test be reported.3.3 Results from stain tests conducted in accordance withthis practice distinguish differences between coatings.4. Reagents4
8、.1 Code for Applicability of ReagentsV = Vertical, anysurface that may be vertical as on a dresser front. H =Horizontal, any surface that may be horizontal as on a tabletop. L = Laboratory, any surface that may be used forlaboratory furniture (Section 9).4.2 Water:4.2.1 Tap Water, V, H, L4.2.2 Boili
9、ng Water (test in accordance with the BoilingWater Resistance section of Guide D2571): H, L4.3 Alcohol:4.3.1 Ethyl Alcohol (test in accordance with the AlcoholResistance section of Guide D2571): V, H, L4.4 Aliphatic:4.4.1 Mineral Spirits: L (Specification, Type III)4.4.2 Perchloroethylene: V, H, L4.
10、5 Ketone:4.5.1 Methyl Ethyl Ketone: L4.6 Acetate:4.6.1 Amyl Acetate: H, L4.7 Inorganic Acid:4.7.1 Hydrochloric Acid (3 N)Dilute 258 mL of 12 N(36 %) HCl to 1 L: L4.8 Organic Acid:4.8.1 Acetic Acid (3 N)Dilute 172 mL of 99 % acetic acidto1L:V,H,L4.8.2 Grape Juice (unsweetened): V, H4.8.3 Lactic Acid
11、(5 % solution): V, H4.9 Bases:4.9.1 Unscented Mild Soap (saturated solution): V, H, L4.9.2 Potassium Tripolyphosphate (saturated solution con-taining 0.5 % sodium N-methyl-N-oleyl laurate (Igepon T-73):V, H, L1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings
12、, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products.Current edition approved July 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3023 98 (2011). DOI:10.1520/D3023-98R17.2For referen
13、ced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onww
14、w.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopme
15、nt of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.9.3 Ammonium Hydroxide (3 % solution): L4.9.4 Trisodium Phosphate (saturated solution): V, H, L4.9.5 Urea (6.6 % solution): V, H, L4.10 Disinfectant:4.10.1
16、Cresols (5 % solution): V, H, L4.11 Ink:4.11.1 Washable Ink: V, H, L4.11.2 Permanent Ink: V, H, L4.11.3 Ball-Point Ink: V, H, L4.12 Dye:4.12.1 Coffee (test in accordance with the Coffee StainResistance section of Guide D2571): V, H4.13 Wax:4.13.1 Wax Crayons, Red, Blue, and Yellow: V, H4.13.2 Lipsti
17、ck (test in accordance with the Cosmetic Stainsection of Guide D2571): V, H4.14 Shoe Polish:4.14.1 Liquid Shoe Polish, tan: V, H4.15 Oil:4.15.1 Corn Oil or equivalent: V, H4.15.2 Hair Oil: V, H4.16 Miscellaneous:4.16.1 Mustard: V, H4.16.2 Tincture of Merthiolate (1 + 1000): V, H (see Section5)4.16.3
18、 Sodium Hypochlorite (6 % solution): V, H, L4.16.4 Tincture of IodineWet 50 g of potassium iodide(KI) with water, weigh into the wet KI 70 g of iodine, let stand1 h to dissolve the iodine, and make up to 1 L with alcohol: V,H, L4.17 Staining Solutions, unless otherwise specified, arewater solutions.
19、5. Selection of Staining Agents for Testing StainResistance of Coatings5.1 The producer and the user shall select staining agentsfrom the reagents in Section 4. Selection of staining agentsshould depend on end use, such as wall, ceiling, horizontalsurface, or floor.5.2 In the absence of agreement be
20、tween the producer andthe user, the suggested staining reagents for each intended useare indicated in Section 4 by V, H and L.5.3 It is not necessary that all finishes pass all tests.6. Test Specimen6.1 Test panels shall be of regular production finish.6.2 If regular production finished panels are n
21、ot available,the producer and the user shall agree upon the followingvariables: face veneer or wood surface, filler or filler stain,primer coat, topcoat, and dry film thickness for each coatingmaterial.7. Panel Conditioning7.1 Before testing, panels must be aged for a time and by amethod agreed upon
22、 between the producer and the user.8. Procedure8.1 Conduct the test with panel surfaces horizontal at roomtemperature unless a different temperature is specified.8.2 Place 0.5 mL (0.017 oz) of each staining agent on thefinish surface and allow to stand uncovered for 18 h (or a timeagreeable to the p
23、roducer and the user) except for stainingagents 4.3 to 4.6. On these put a 25-mm (1-in.) square ofdouble-acid-washed quantitative filter paper. The purpose ofthe filter paper is to maintain a longer wet contact of volatilereagents with the surface of the finish.8.3 After 18 h exposure, or other time
24、 period agreed to bythe producer and the user, wash the surface with water, rinsewith ethanol (1 + 1), or other reagent as agreed upon betweenthe producer and user, and dry with a paper towel. Place thepanel in a vertical position with a diffuse light source and view(Note 1) from a distance of 0.6 t
25、o 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft). Examine thesurface for graying, spotting, wrinkling, discoloration, or otherfilm defects and report.NOTE 1This method of viewing panels gives the best correlation ofstaining damage between laboratories. However, the following informa-tion should be noted: (1) When viewing panels
26、 across the grain at a lowangle that is being varied, many more stains will appear visible than wouldappear visible perpendicular to the surface. These additional stains aresuperficial stains only. (2) When viewing with and against the grain, thereappears to be an even greater number of superficial
27、stains than wouldappear when viewing perpendicular to the surface or across the grain.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 Each product finish differs greatly in stain resistancerequirements. The key, in general, is that the resistance tostaining must be adequate for that finishs end use when firstused i
28、n place and throughout the expected life span of thespecific product.9.2 The end use choice of resistance to staining should beagreed upon between the producer and the user.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Reagents and concentrations used,10.1.2 Substrate tested,10.1.3 Coating
29、tested,10.1.4 Rinsing reagent,10.1.5 Film thickness of coating and thickness method, and10.1.6 Stain or film defect observations.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionAgreement between laboratories by visualcomparison varied according to how samples were viewed.11.1.1 Stains viewed perpendicular with
30、a diffused lightsource at a distance of 0.6 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 ft) for graying,spotting, wrinkling, discoloration, or other film defects gavecomplete agreement between laboratories.11.1.2 The same test stains viewed both with and across thegrain at a low angle resulted in many more superficial stainsb
31、eing evident, depending upon the eyesight and judgment ofthe observer.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined since there is noaccepted reference material.D3023 98 (2017)212. Keywords12.1 coating, factory-applied; coating, wood; householdchemicals; stain testsASTM International takes no position respecti
32、ng the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This stand
33、ard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internation
34、al Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.T
35、his standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 98 (2017)3
