1、Designation: D 3032 04An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forHookup Wire Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing
3、hookupwire.1.2 For the purposes of these test methods, hookup wireinsulation includes all components of the insulation systemused on single insulated conductors or an assembly of singleinsulated conductors such as a cable bundle and harness or flatribbon cable. The insulating materials include not o
4、nly theprimary insulation over the conductor, but also insulatingjackets over shielded constructions.1.3 The test procedures and their locations are as follows:SectionAxial Stability (Longitudinal Change) After Thermal Exposure 21Bondability of Insulation to Potting Compounds 19Capacitance 9 to 12Co
5、ld Bend Test 26Concentricity 16Crush Resistance 20Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 5Dimensions 15Dry-Arc Tracking 29Dynamic Cut-Through 22Fluid Immersion 23High Temperature Shock 24Insulation-Continuity Proof Tests 13Insulation Resistance 6Partial Discharge (Corona) Inception and Extinction Voltage 25Re
6、lative Thermal Life and Temperature Index 14Strip Force 27Surface Resistance 7Tensile Properties 17Vertical Flame Test 18Voltage Rating of Hook-Up Wire A2Voltage Withstand Test 8Wet Arc-Tracking 281.4 The values stated in SI are the standard. The valuesgiven in parentheses are for information only.1
7、.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificpre
8、caution statements, see 12.2.1, 12.4.1.8, 18.1.3and Note 17and 25.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristi
9、cs and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic Rubbers and Thermoplastic El
10、astomersTensionD 471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical ReagentsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 1868 Test Method for Detection and Measurement o
11、fPartial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insu-lation SystemsD 2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating MaterialsD 2307 Test Method for Relative Thermal Endurance ofFilm-Insulated Round Magnet WireD 2865 Practice for Calibration of Standar
12、ds and Equip-ment for Electrical Insulating Materials TestingD 3183 Practice for RubberPreparation of Pieces for TestPurposes from ProductsD 3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of SolidElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 3638 Test Method for Comparative Tracking Index of1These test methods a
13、re under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coveringsfor Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.Current edition approved April 1,
14、2004. Published May, 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 3032 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
15、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid-ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin SolutionsD 5374 Tes
16、t Methods for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationD 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Evaluation of Electrical InsulationD 6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-terials for TestingE 29 Practice for Using Significant Di
17、gits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 IEEE Standards:3Standard 98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Proceduresfor the Thermal Evaluation of Electrical Insulating Mate-rialsStan
18、dard 101 Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data2.3 Federal Standard:Federal Specification for Tape, Gummed; Paper, Rein-forced and Plain, for Sealing and Securing (PPP-T-45C)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology D 1711.3.2 De
19、finitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 capacitance unbalance (of a pair in a shielded cable),nthe ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the difference incapacitance between each of two insulated conductors and theshield, to the capacitance between that conductor pair.3.2.1.1 DiscussionCap
20、acitance unbalance is also calledcoefficient of asymmetry or capacitance asymmetry, and isexpressed in percent unbalance.3.2.2 cold bend testa test in which a specimen is slowlywrapped around a mandrel of a specified diameter afterconditioning at a specified low temperature to determine thatthe prim
21、ary insulation, primary jacket, overall jacket and anyother layer of the wire or cable specimen maintains sufficientflexibility to withstand such bending at that low temperaturewithout evidence of cracking.3.2.3 relative thermal endurancethe comparison of thethermal endurance (as described by their
22、Arrhenius plots) oftwo or more insulated wires designed for the same specific use;this usually implies the same size of conductor, but theinsulation is of the thickness required for the particular use ofeach insulation.3.2.4 strip forceforce required to remove a specifiedlength of insulation from an
23、 insulated wire specimen asdetermined by a specified test procedure.3.2.5 surface resistance, nsee Terminology D 1711.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFor a fixed electrode separation, themeasured surface resistance of a given hookup wire decreasesas the diameter increases.3.2.6 temperature index, nsee Terminology
24、 D 1711.3.2.6.1 DiscussionFor hookup wire, the symbol TI is usedfor temperature index and the preferred use of the TI symbolimplies a time of 20 000 h obtained by analysis of aging datain which extrapolation is limited to no more than 25C belowthe lowest aging temperature (See also Section 14).3.2.7
25、 thermal end point time, nthe time necessary for aspecific property of a material, or a simple combination ofmaterials, to degrade to a defined end point when aged at aspecified temperature.3.2.8 thermal end point curve, na graphical representationof a thermal end point at a specified aging temperat
26、ure in whichthe value of a property of a material, or a simple combinationof materials, is measured at room temperature and the valuesplotted as a function of time.3.2.9 thermal endurance, nsee Terminology D 1711.3.2.9.1 DiscussionThe stability of hookup wire insulationis estimated from changes in t
27、he results of voltage withstandtests on hookup wire specimens that have been heat aged,cooled to room temperature, flexed over a mandrel, immersedin salt water, and subjected to a specific applied voltage.3.2.10 voltage withstand (proof-voltage) testthe applica-tion of a specified voltage for a spec
28、ified time to a specifiedconfiguration of the insulation. Results are expressed as “pass”or “fail.”4. Sampling4.1 Refer to the material specification for sampling plancovering specific types of hookup wire insulations.4.2 Use Practice D 3636 as a guide if the material specifi-cation does not include
29、 a sampling plan.5. Dielectric Breakdown Voltage5.1 Significance and Use:5.1.1 A detailed statement of significance is given in Ap-pendix X1 of Test Method D 149.5.2 Apparatus:5.2.1 Use the electrical apparatus described in Test MethodD 149 for this test.5.3 Test Specimens:5.3.1 The test specimen sh
30、all consist of insulated wire 610mm (24 in.) in length, or of the length required for theenvironmental exposure. Remove the insulation for a distanceof 25 mm (1 in.) at each end and twist the ends together.5.4 Procedure:5.4.1 Immerse the test specimen to within 152 mm (6 in.) ofthe twisted ends in t
31、he water bath containing 5 % sodiumchloride (NaCl) and 0.05 to 0.10 % wetting agent.55.4.2 Use the water solution as the ground electrode, andapply the voltage to the twisted end of the conductor.5.4.3 Raise the voltage from zero at a rate of 500 V/s untilthe specimen fails. If a flashover between t
32、he water solutionand the twisted ends of the wire occurs, discard the specimenwithout retesting. Select longer specimens so that the distancebetween the water solution and the ends of the wire is sufficientto prevent flashover.3Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, In
33、c., 345E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Triton X-100 manufactured by Rohm itmust be provided with an earth grounded metal screen orequivalent guards to provide protectio
34、n for the operatingpersonnel. Broken chains must be promptly replaced as re-quired.13.3.2 Power SupplyAny impulse generator meeting therequirements of Section 13 may be used.13.3.2.1 Test ImpulseThe waveform of the voltage ap-plied to the electrode head shall consist of a negative pulse, thepeak mag
35、nitude of which shall be specified for the wire undertest, followed by a damped oscillation. The peak impulsevoltage shall be stipulated in the applicable material specifica-tion. The rise time of the negative impulse wave from zeromagnitude to 90 % of the specified peak voltage shall be notmore tha
36、n 75 s. The peak value of the first positive overshootand of the subsequent damped oscillations shall be smaller thanthe initial negative pulse. The time during which the absolutemagnitude of each voltage pulse and accompanying dampedoscillation (positive and negative) remains at a value of 80 %or g
37、reater of the specified peak voltage shall be 20 to 100 s.The pulse repetition rate shall be 200 to 250 pulses/s. Exceptfor the final peak voltage adjustment (13.6) conformity withthese impulse test parameters shall be determined with nocapacitive load impressed on the electrode.13.3.2.2 Capacitive
38、ToleranceThe tolerance of the equip-ment to change in capacitive load shall be such that the peakoutput voltage shall be reduced by not more than 12 % in theevent of an increase of the capacitive load, between electrodeand ground, from an initial load of 4.9 to 9.8 pF/cm (12.5 to 25pF/in.) of electr
39、ode length.13.3.2.3 Instrument VoltmeterA peak-reading voltmetershall be provided, indicating continuously the potential of theelectrode. The voltmeter shall have a minimum accuracy of63 % at the specified impulse potential, after calibration asspecified in 13.4.13.3.2.4 Failure Detection CircuitThe
40、re shall be a failuredetection circuit to give a visual or audible indication, or both,of insulation failure. In addition, the electrode head may bede-energized and the drive mechanism stopped. The detectioncircuit shall be sufficiently sensitive to indicate a fault at 75 %of the specified test volt
41、age when the electrode is arced toground through a 20-kV resistor and shall be capable ofdetecting a fault that lasts for the duration of only one impulse.13.4 CalibrationCalibrate the instrument voltmeter peri-odically (see Practice D 2865) by comparison with an externalstandard voltmeter having an
42、 accuracy of 62 % of the readingand capable of detecting the peak potential at the electrodehead, with or without auxiliary circuitry. In performing thecalibration, connect the standard voltmeter to the electrodehead directly or through a calibrated attenuator circuit. Adjustthe impulse generator un
43、til the reading on the standard volt-meter is the specified potential, at which point the reading onthe instrument voltmeter shall be observed and recorded.Repeat this calibration for each peak potential at which it isintended to operate the equipment. An alternative procedure isby means of a calibr
44、ated oscilloscope connected to the elec-trode through a suitable attenuator. The peak magnitude of thenegative impulse can then be read directly from the waveformdisplay. Conformance to the other waveform parameters speci-fied in 13.3.2.1 shall be verified from the oscilloscope.13.5 Test SpecimensTh
45、e test specimens consist of con-tinuous lengths of hookup wire.13.6 ProcedureThread the wire through the electrode andground the conductor at one, or preferably both, ends. Energizethe electrode to the specified peak potential and, after finaladjustment of the voltage with the wire in the electrode
46、head,pass the wire from the pay-off spool through the electrode ontothe take-up spool. The speed of passage of the wire through theelectrode shall be such that, after start-up, the wire is subjectedto not less than 3 nor more than 100 pulses at any given point.Cut out, or mark for later removal, all
47、 sections of wire thatcause the detector to trip, along with at least 50 mm (2 in.) ofwire on each side of the failure. Locate the point of failure bypassing the wire back through the head. If the detector does nottrip again it can be assumed that the indication was false. Makeevery effort to test t
48、he entire length, including ends of the wirewhen stringing up new lengths, in accordance with thisprocedure. Remove all ends or other portions of the wire not sotested. When testing wire in process, or when specified incontract or order, dielectric failures, untested portions of wire,or portions tha
49、t have been exposed to fewer or more than thespecified number of pulses may be marked by stripping theinsulation or by any other suitable method of marking asspecified in the contract in lieu of being cut out of the wire.13.7 ReportIf required in sales to customers the producershall certify that 100 % of wire supplied has been tested inaccordance with Section 13 of these test methods.13.8 Apparatus, Method B 3000-Hz Sinusoidal-VoltageMethod:13.8.1 ElectrodeThe electrode consists of a bead chainconstruction that will give intimate metallic contact with thew
