1、Designation: D 3038 93 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Method forDrop Shatter Test for Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num
2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the application of two proce-dures for the determination of the property of coke of with-standing breakage when d
3、ropped under specified test condi-tions.1.2 Procedure A, used when the coke sample contains 50 %or less of 100 mm (4 in.) after removal of coke smaller than 50mm (2 in.). Procedure A appears in Sections 6-9.1.3 Procedure B, used when the coke sample contains morethan 50 % 100 mm (4 in.) after remova
4、l of coke smaller than50 mm (2 in.). Procedure B appears in Sections 10-13.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
5、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 121 Terminology of Coal and CokeD 293 Test Method for the Sieve Analys
6、is of CokeD 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD 4621 Guide for Quality Management in an OrganizationThat Samples or Tests Coal and CokeE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Te
7、stingPurposes3. Significance and Use3.1 The values determined in this test, when evaluated interms of pertinent experience with other cokes, may be used asindications of the extent to which a given coke will break inconventional transit and handling beyond the point of sam-pling.4. Apparatus4.1 Shat
8、ter Apparatus, including (1) box, (2) base plate, (3)support frame, (4) containers, (5) sieves, and (6) weighingscales (see Fig. 1).4.1.1 Box, 455 mm (18 in.) in width, 710 mm (28 in.) inlength, and 380 mm (15 in.) in depth. The bottom of the boxshall consist of two doors, hinged lengthwise and prov
9、idedwith a trip latch for rapid opening. The doors are of 6-mm(14-in.) plate and are mounted on freely working hinges so thatthey swing open rapidly and do not impede the fall of the coke.The sides of the box are made of plate at least 3 mm (18 in.)thick.4.1.2 Base PlateSteel plate, 1.22 m (48 in.)
10、in length, 965mm (38 in.) in width, and not less than 13 mm (12 in.) thick.Vertical plates at least 200 mm (8 in.) high are placed on allfour sides to form a shallow box and to prevent loss of cokeduring the test. The back plate and side plates are rigidly fixedwhile the front plate is made removabl
11、e to facilitate shovellingthe coke from the base plate into the box after each drop. It isimportant that the base plate be supported rigidly.NOTE 1Mounting the base plate solidly on concrete is satisfactory.4.1.3 Support FrameA support frame and other appropri-ate mechanism are provided so the box m
12、ay be readily raisedand lowered to fixed or reproducible upper and lower positions.No part of the supporting frame is to impede the free fall ofcoke nor protrude into the 1.22- by 0.965-m (48- by 38-in.)area of the base plate. When in the upper position, the insidesurface of the bottom of the box mu
13、st be 1.83 m (6 ft) abovethe plate. The lower position shall be one convenient for1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on MetallurgicalProperties of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved April 1, 20
14、04. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3038 93 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
15、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.loading and reloading the box without breakage of coke. Thebox may be constrained to only vertical movement by suitablelateral guides
16、 and may be conveniently supported by wire ropepassing over pulleys. Counterweighting will reduce labor.4.1.4 ContainersConventional galvanized-iron tubs areconvenient containers in which to collect and weigh coke in thevarious stages of the test.4.1.5 SievesWoven-wire square-mesh sieves of the fol-
17、lowing sizes: 150 mm (6 in.), 125 mm (5 in.), 100 mm (4 in.),75 mm (3 in.), 50 mm (2 in.), 37.5 mm (112 in.), 25 mm (1 in.),and 12.5 mm (12 in.). The sieves must conform to SpecificationE11.NOTE 2The 150-mm (6-in.) and the 125-mm (5-in.) sieves are notdefined in Specifications E11but shall have nomi
18、nal wire diameters of7.11 mm (0.2800 in.) and 6.73 mm (0.2650 in.), respectively, and havepermissible variations in average opening, permissible variations for notmore than 5 % of openings, and maximum variation in individualopenings equivalent to that specified for the 100-mm (4-in.) sieve.NOTE 3Fo
19、r Procedure A, in which the coke samples do not containmore than 50 % plus 100-mm (4-in.) sizes, the 150-mm (6-in.), 125-mm(5-in.), and 100-mm (4-in.) sieves may be excluded. For Procedure B, inwhich the coke samples contain more than 50 % plus 100-mm (4-in.)sizes, it is permissible to exclude the 3
20、7.5-mm (112-in.), 25-mm (1-in.),and the 12.5-mm (12-in.) sieves.4.1.6 Weighing ScaleFor Procedure A, a scale having acapacity of 35 kg (75 lb) is to be provided and be graduated sothat it may be read directly, without interpolation, to 0.05 kg(0.1 lb). The sensitivity is to be not less than 0.025 kg
21、 (0.05 lb).4.1.6.1 For Procedure B, this scale is to have a capacity of60 kg (125 lb) graduated to 0.1 kg (0.2 lb) and have asensitivity not less than 0.05 kg (0.10 lb).FIG. 1 Shatter Test MachineD 3038 93 (2004)25. Sampling5.1 The gross sample of coke must be taken as close aspossible to the point
22、of interest, include all sizes, and becollected in such a way as to be representative of the total lotor quantity in question, in accordance with Practice D 346.5.2 For Procedure A, the minimum size of the gross samplemust be such as to yield 68 to 75 kg (150 to 165 lb) of cokeretained on 50-mm (2-i
23、n.) sieve when processed according tothe procedure set forth in Section 7.5.2.1 For Procedure B, this sample must be such as to yieldat least 140 kg (300 lb) of coke retained on 75-mm (3-in.) sievewhen processed in accordance with the procedure set forth inSection 11.5.2.2 If experience shows that m
24、ore than three tests areusually necessary, the quantity of gross sample will need to beincreased appropriately.5.3 The gross sample is to be assembled from incrementsregularly and systematically collected, so that the entire quan-tity of coke sampled will be represented proportionately in thegross s
25、ample, and with such frequency that a gross sample ofat least the minimum required amount is collected.5.4 Increments may be collected from a stopped conveyorbelt or by interposing a collecting container into a movingstream while the coke is being loaded or unloaded or otherwisetransported. The incr
26、ement collected from a stopped belt mustbe all the coke on the belt between parallel planes separated bya distance 2.5 times the nominal top size of the coke. In thesame way, when collecting from a moving stream, the collect-ing container must be as wide as the stream, or be moveduniformly through i
27、ts whole width and have a mouth opening2.5 times the nominal top size of the coke. The nominal topsize, for this method, is that nearest standard sieve for whichabout 5 % of the coke is oversize.5.5 Samples collected from the surface of coke in piles,bins, cars, ships, or barges, are in general unre
28、liable because ofsize segregation and should not be used for determiningconformance to specifications unless the purchaser and theseller so agree. As it may be very difficult to collect arepresentative sample from coke exposed in bins and cars, caremust be taken to collect increments representing th
29、e entireexposed area, if sampling must be done in this manner. This isbest accomplished by dividing the exposed surface to besampled into approximately equal areas and collecting anincrement from each area.PROCEDURE ACOKE SAMPLE CONTAINING50 % 100 mm (4 in.) OR LESS6. Summary of Method6.1 A test sam
30、ple is prepared by removing and discardingthe coke smaller than 50 mm (2 in.) from a representative grosssample. The test sample, approximately 23 to 25 kg (50 to 55lb) is dropped four times from a height of 1.83 m (6 ft) onto arigid steel plate. The shattered coke is sieved. The resistance tobreaka
31、ge is judged from the cumulative percentages of cokethat remain, after the test, on sieves of various sizes.7. Preparation of Test Samples7.1 The coke used for the shatter test is only that portionwhich is over 50 mm (2 in.) in size, but the distribution of sizesin the portion tested is to be in the
32、 same proportions as in theplus 50-mm (2-in.) part of the gross sample as found in apreliminary size analysis to which the whole of the grosssample is subjected.7.2 This preliminary size analysis is carried out, mainly, byhand placing, a process in which each piece of coke is handledand counted as u
33、ndersize if it will, in some position andwithout forcing, pass through the sieve. Proceeding in this way,and taking care in all operations to avoid breakage, separate thegross sample into the following fractions which are segregatedappropriately in tubs:Passing Retained on Percent_ 100-mm (4-in.) si
34、eve _100-mm (4-in.) sieve 75-mm (3-in) sieve _75-mm (3-in.) sieve 50-mm (2-in.) sieve _50-mm (2-in.) sieve _7.3 Make appropriate weighings so that the percentage ofeach size in the portion of the original gross sample retained ona 50.8-mm (2-in.) sieve can be calculated.7.4 Reconstitute each sample
35、for testing, 23 to 25 kg (50 to55 lb), from the segregated sizes above 50 mm (2 in.). Selectpieces at random from the total amount of each size, thequantity of each size fraction taken being based on the data ofthe preliminary size analysis.7.5 If the coke contains 5 % of moisture or less, test thes
36、ample as is. Wetter coke is to be dried to 5 % or less beforetesting.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh 23 to 25 kg (50 to 55 lb) of the preparedreconstituted sample to the nearest 0.05 kg (0.1 lb). Transferthe coke carefully into the box of the shatter test apparatus byeither inserting the container into the bo
37、x and allowing thecoke to slide out or by removing the coke and placing it into thebox by hand. Do not empty the container by tipping out thecontents.8.2 Raise the box to the standard height and allow the coketo fall onto the base plate. Lower the box to the lower position,drop the front plate, and
38、shovel the coke from the base plateinto the box, taking care to place the coke into the box withoutmuch dropping. Return the whole of the coke over about 12.5mm (12 in.) in size from the base plate to the box; this can bedone using the shovel, without sweeping at this stage. Repeatthe process until
39、four drops in all have been carried out. Someform of indicator is helpful for counting the number of drops toavoid error. Collect all the shattered coke into a container,sweeping up all the fine material and determine the weight. Ifthe weight loss is more than 0.10 kg (0.2 lb), reject the test atthi
40、s stage.8.3 Carry out a sieve analysis on the shattered coke inaccordance with Test Method D 293. The sieves to be used are75 mm (3 in.), 50 mm (2 in.), 37.5 mm (112 in.), 25 mm (1 in.),and 12.5 mm (12 in.).D 3038 93 (2004)39. Report9.1 Report the results of each individual shatter test asfollows:Re
41、tained onPercentCumulative75-mm (3-in.) sieve _50-mm (2-in.) sieve _37.5-mm (112-in.) sieve _25-mm (1-in.) sieve _12.5-mm (12-in.) sieve _9.1.1 In case the sum of the percentages does not total100.0, correct the quantity passing through the smallest sieveso that the total will be 100.0.9.2 Conduct t
42、hree tests on each sample. If the range ofvalues of the 50-mm (2-in.) shatter index does not exceed 5.0units, average the three results and report the arithmetic mean.If the range does exceed 5.0 units, make one or more furthertests until three values are obtained that do so agree. Aftercarrying out
43、 one extra test, thus making a total of four tests, itmay sometimes be found that either of two results can berejected by the above rule, one at a time, to leave twoalternative sets of three results that agree to within the statedlimits. In this case, none of the results are rejected and all foursho
44、uld be averaged in the calculation of the means.PROCEDURE BCOKE SAMPLE CONTAININGMORE THAN 50 % 100 mm (4 in.)10. Summary of Method10.1 A test sample is prepared by removing and discardingthe coke smaller than 75 mm (3 in.) from a representative grosssample. The test sample, approximately 40 to 45 k
45、g (90 to 100lb) is dropped four times from a height of 1.83 m (6 ft) onto arigid steel plate. The shattered coke is sieved. The resistance tobreakage is judged from the cumulative percentages of cokethat remain, after the test, on sieves of various sizes.11. Preparation of Test Samples11.1 The coke
46、used for the shatter test is only that portionwhich is over 75 mm (3 in.) in size, but the distribution of sizesin the portion tested is to be in the same proportions as in theplus 75-mm (3-in.) part of the gross sample as found in apreliminary size analysis to which the whole of the grosssample is
47、subjected.11.2 This preliminary size analysis is carried out, mainly, byhand placing, a process in which each piece of coke is handledand counted as undersize if it will, in some position andwithout forcing, pass through the sieve. Proceeding in this way,and taking care in all operations to avoid br
48、eakage, separate thegross sample into the following fractions which are segregatedappropriately in tubes:Passing Retained on Percent_ 150-mm (6-in.) sieve _150-mm (6-in.) sieve 125-mm (5-in.) sieve _125-mm (5-in.) sieve 100-mm (4-in.) sieve _100-mm (4-in.) sieve 75-mm (3-in.) sieve _75-mm (3-in.) si
49、eve11.3 Make appropriate weighings so that the percentage ofeach size in the portion of the original gross sample retained ona 75-mm (3-in.) sieve can be calculated.11.4 Reconstitute each sample for testing, 40 to 45 kg (90 to100 lb), from the segregated sizes above 75 mm (3 in.). Selectpieces at random from the total amount of each size, thequantity of each size fraction taken being based on the data ofthe pr
