1、Designation: D 3050 07Standard Guide forMeasuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled Fabrics (NotSuitable for Detergent Ranking)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a guide for measuring the ability of detergents toremove artificially applied soils from
3、 fabrics. It is intended asa laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation ofdetergent products, for quality control and as a basis betweenthe purchaser and seller in standardizing specific productsperformance.1.2 The relative ranking of detergent products will varygreatly depending on the typ
4、e of soiled fabrics used in the test.Therefore, selection of the standard soiled fabric to be used ina test shall be made by agreement between the interestedparties on the basis of experience.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Tes
6、t Using Natu-rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances3. Summary of Guide3.1 Soiled fabric swatches are washed in a laboratorywasher using the products being tested and the change inreflectance is measured.4. Significance and Use4.1 The guide, as now constituted, is not suitable for rankingof de
7、tergent products since no basis is available at this time forcorrelation of the detergency performance of any particularsoiled cloth or clothes with detergency of naturally soiledarticles.4.2 A suggested procedure for comparing the performanceof any two laundry detergents on naturally soiled family
8、itemsin home laundry equipment under controlled conditions on apaired comparison basis is described in Method D 2960.5. Apparatus5.1 Laboratory WasherA laboratory scale agitator-typewashing machine.35.2 Reflectometer, calibrated by means of standard vitreousenamel plaques having reflectances in the
9、range of the fabric orswatch samples being measured.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the Americ
10、an Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.4Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water
11、 shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent waterconforming to Specification D 1193.6.3 Hard Water Stock SolutionPrepare a hard water stocksolution by dissolving 2.940 6 0.002 g of calcium chloridedihydrate (CaCl22H2O) and 2.033 6 0.002 g of magnesiumchloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) in about 300 mL
12、 of water.Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solution1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on PhysicalTesting.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Original
13、lyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 3050 05e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、ASTM website.3The Terg-o-tometer, obtainable from the United States Testing Co., 1415 ParkAve., Hoboken, NJ, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.4Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the
15、 testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Har
16、bor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.contains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)with a Ca:Mg molar ratio of 2:1. Other ratios may be used.6.4 Reference DetergentA comparison detergent suitableto the fabric and conditions shall be included in each ru
17、n.6.5 Standard Soiled Fabrics.NOTE 1Most commercially available soiled swatches are based onparticulate component such as clay, iron oxide, carbon black, vacuumcleaner dust, air-conditioner filter dust or other particulate, inorganic ororganic matter, with or without one or more oily components such
18、 assynthetic sebum, oil, or grease.7. Procedure7.1 Operate the washer at a suitable fixed speed (90 cycles/min is suggested). Maintain the water bath at a temperaturesuitable to the fabric, detergent, and conditions of the test.Prepare duplicate solutions of the test product and the referencedeterge
19、nt in 1000 mL of water at the desired concentration,temperature, and water hardness. It is recommended thatconcentrations of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 %, temperature of 60,90, and 120F (16, 35, and 49C) and water hardnesses of 35,150, and 300 ppm be included. Transfer the solutions to thebuckets of th
20、e washer. Add to each bucket in rapid successionthe selected soiled swatches and wash for 10 min. Then removethe swatches, squeeze them by hand and transfer to a bucketcontaining 1000 mL of water of the same hardness at the sametemperature and rinse 3 min. Then damp dry the swatchesbetween clean tow
21、eling and air or tumble dry. Determine thereflectances of the washed and dried swatches. Replicate theabove tests a sufficient number of times for statistical signifi-cance.NOTE 2If only one test is to be made, water hardness of 150 ppm issuggested since approximately 80 % of the families in the Uni
22、ted Stateshave this level of hardness or below. It should also be noted that whilenatural soils add hardness to the wash bath, artificial soils may not;therefore a hardness of 75 ppm may be more realistic for the lowerhardness level.NOTE 3To avoid discoloration or change, or both, in the structure o
23、fthe swatch surfaces do not use a photographic print dryer, hand iron, ormangle to dry the swatches.8. Instrumental Evaluations and Calculations8.1 Measure the reflectance, L, and both parameters “a” and“b” of the residual soils relative to the unsoiled fabric with aphotoelectric colorimeter.8.1.1 C
24、arefully present each swatch to the instrument withthe same orientation, for example, long direction perpendicularto operator. Back each swatch with the other replicate speci-mens (usually five) representing the same treatment variable.8.1.2 Read swatches with no ultraviolet light. Standard filterfo
25、r eliminating ultraviolet from light source should be used.8.2 Measure the reflectance of the unsoiled washed refer-ence as described in 8.1.8.3 Calculate the soil removal index (SRI) for each testspecimen using the following formula:SRI 5 100 2 Lc2 Lw!21 ac2 aw!21 bc2 bw!2#1/2(1)where:L = reflectan
26、ce (white/black),a = redness/greenness,b = yellowness/blueness,c = unsoiled fabric, washed in the treatment conditions,andw = soiled fabric.8.4 Improvement in ReflectanceCalculate the improve-ment in reflectance as follows:% improvement in reflectance 5 A 2 B!/C02 B!# 3 100 (2)where:A = average refl
27、ectance of the soiled swatches after wash-ing,B = average reflectance of the soiled swatches beforewashing, andC0= average reflectance of the unsoiled swatches beforewashing.NOTE 4If unsoiled swatches of the type used to make the soiledfabrics are not available, calculate the improvement in reflecta
28、nce asfollows:Improvement in reflectance DRd! 5 A 2 B (3)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such paten
29、t rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eithe
30、r for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair he
31、aring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3050072
