1、Designation: D3050 07 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forMeasuring Soil Removal from Artificially Soiled Fabrics (NotSuitable for Detergent Ranking)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a guide for measuring the ability of detergents toremove artificially app
3、lied soils from fabrics. It is intended asa laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation ofdetergent products, for quality control and as a basis betweenthe purchaser and seller in standardizing specific productsperformance.1.2 The relative ranking of detergent products will varygreatly depen
4、ding on the type of soiled fabrics used in the test.Therefore, selection of the standard soiled fabric to be used ina test shall be made by agreement between the interestedparties on the basis of experience.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated w
5、ith its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD2960 Guide for Controlled L
6、aundering Test Using Natu-rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances (With-drawn 2013)33. Summary of Guide3.1 Soiled fabric swatches are washed in a laboratorywasher using the products being tested and the change inreflectance is measured.4. Significance and Use4.1 The guide, as now constituted,
7、is not suitable for rankingof detergent products since no basis is available at this time forcorrelation of the detergency performance of any particularsoiled cloth or clothes with detergency of naturally soiledarticles.4.2 A suggested procedure for comparing the performanceof any two laundry deterg
8、ents on naturally soiled family itemsin home laundry equipment under controlled conditions on apaired comparison basis is described in Method D2960.5. Apparatus5.1 Laboratory WasherA laboratory scale agitator-typewashing machine.45.2 Reflectometer, calibrated by means of standard vitreousenamel plaq
9、ues having reflectances in the range of the fabric orswatch samples being measured.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on An
10、alytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.5Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwis
11、e indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean Type IV reagent waterconforming to Specification D1193.6.3 Hard Water Stock SolutionPrepare a hard water stocksolution by dissolving 2.940 6 0.002 g of calcium chloridedihydrate (CaCl22H2O) and 2.033 6 0.002 g of magnesium1This guide is und
12、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on PhysicalTesting.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approvedin 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3050 07. DOI: 10.1520/D3050-07R
13、15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is
14、referenced onwww.astm.org.4The Terg-o-tometer, obtainable from the United States Testing Co., 1415 ParkAve., Hoboken, NJ, or its equivalent, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For sugge
15、stions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.Copyright ASTM International,
16、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1chloride hexahydrate (MgCl26H2O) in about 300 mL of water.Dilute to a volume of 1 L with additional water. This solutioncontains 3000 ppm hardness (expressed as calcium carbonate)with a Ca:Mg molar ratio of 2:1. Othe
17、r ratios may be used.6.4 Reference DetergentA comparison detergent suitableto the fabric and conditions shall be included in each run.6.5 Standard Soiled Fabrics.NOTE 1Most commercially available soiled swatches are based onparticulate component such as clay, iron oxide, carbon black, vacuumcleaner
18、dust, air-conditioner filter dust or other particulate, inorganic ororganic matter, with or without one or more oily components such assynthetic sebum, oil, or grease.7. Procedure7.1 Operate the washer at a suitable fixed speed (90 cycles/min is suggested). Maintain the water bath at a temperaturesu
19、itable to the fabric, detergent, and conditions of the test.Prepare duplicate solutions of the test product and the referencedetergent in 1000 mL of water at the desired concentration,temperature, and water hardness. It is recommended thatconcentrations of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 %, temperature of 6
20、0,90, and 120F (16, 35, and 49C) and water hardnesses of 35,150, and 300 ppm be included. Transfer the solutions to thebuckets of the washer. Add to each bucket in rapid successionthe selected soiled swatches and wash for 10 min. Then removethe swatches, squeeze them by hand and transfer to a bucket
21、containing 1000 mL of water of the same hardness at the sametemperature and rinse 3 min. Then damp dry the swatchesbetween clean toweling and air or tumble dry. Determine thereflectances of the washed and dried swatches. Replicate theabove tests a sufficient number of times for statistical signifi-c
22、ance.NOTE 2If only one test is to be made, water hardness of 150 ppm issuggested since approximately 80 % of the families in the United Stateshave this level of hardness or below. It should also be noted that whilenatural soils add hardness to the wash bath, artificial soils may not;therefore a hard
23、ness of 75 ppm may be more realistic for the lowerhardness level.NOTE 3To avoid discoloration or change, or both, in the structure ofthe swatch surfaces do not use a photographic print dryer, hand iron, ormangle to dry the swatches.8. Instrumental Evaluations and Calculations8.1 Measure the reflecta
24、nce, L, and both parameters “a” and“b” of the residual soils relative to the unsoiled fabric with aphotoelectric colorimeter.8.1.1 Carefully present each swatch to the instrument withthe same orientation, for example, long direction perpendicularto operator. Back each swatch with the other replicate
25、 speci-mens (usually five) representing the same treatment variable.8.1.2 Read swatches with no ultraviolet light. Standard filterfor eliminating ultraviolet from light source should be used.8.2 Measure the reflectance of the unsoiled washed refer-ence as described in 8.1.8.3 Calculate the soil remo
26、val index (SRI) for each testspecimen using the following formula:SRI 5 100 2 Lc2 Lw!21ac2 aw!21bc2 bw!2#1/2(1)where:L = reflectance (white/black),a = redness/greenness,b = yellowness/blueness,c = unsoiled fabric, washed in the treatment conditions,andw = soiled fabric.8.4 Improvement in Reflectance
27、Calculate the improve-ment in reflectance as follows:% improvement in reflectance 5 A 2 B!/C02 B!# 3100 (2)where:A = average reflectance of the soiled swatches afterwashing,B = average reflectance of the soiled swatches beforewashing, andC0= average reflectance of the unsoiled swatches beforewashing
28、.NOTE 4If unsoiled swatches of the type used to make the soiledfabrics are not available, calculate the improvement in reflectance asfollows:Improvement in reflectance Rd! 5 A 2 B (3)ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite
29、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm
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