1、Designation: D 3107 07Standard Test Methods forStretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarns1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theamount of fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery offabrics woven
3、in whole or in part from stretch yarns after aspecified tension and extension.1.2 These test methods are intended for use with wovenfabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12 percent) andgood recovery properties from low tension (up to 360 g/cm or2 lb/in. of fabric width). When agreed upon, th
4、ese test methodscan be used for fabrics woven in whole or in part fromnon-stretch yarns that exhibit limits within the stretch charac-teristics shown above.1.3 These test methods allow the use of two tension optionscommonly used in the textile industry; 1.35 kg (3 lb.) and 1.8kg (4 lb). Several calc
5、ulations are included for fabric stretch,fabric growth and fabric recovery, and can be used individuallywhen required by individual specifications.1.4 These test methods should not be used to measurebreaking elongation of woven fabrics which is covered in TestMethod D 5035.1.5 The values stated in e
6、ither SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The valuesstated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two syst
7、ems may result in nonconformancewith the specification.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
8、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for
9、 Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and RelatedProperties of TextilesD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and FibersD 4850 Terminology Relating to FabricD 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)3. Terminolo
10、gy3.1 For all terminology related to Fabric, refer to Terminol-ogy D 4850.3.2 For all terminology related to Yarns and Fiber, refer toTerminology D 4849.3.3 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D 48483.3.1 The following terms are r
11、elevant to this standard:bench marks, fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn, tension3.4 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric Stretch under a Specified TensionBench marksof a known distance are made on a fabric specimen.As
12、pecifiedtension is applied to a fabric specimen by a prescribedtechnique and the resulting distance between bench markswhile the specimen is under the tension is measured. The fabricstretch is calculated from the length difference between benchmarks prior to application of the tension and while unde
13、r thetension.4.2 Fabric Growth after a Specified TensionBench marksof a known distance are made on a fabric specimen.Aspecified1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General. Curre
14、nt edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007.Originally approved in 1975 as D 310775. Discontinued September 1999 andreinstated in 2003 as D 310703. Last previous edition approved in 2003 asD 310703.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custo
15、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.tension is applied to a fabric speci
16、men by a prescribedtechnique. The tension is removed and after various timeintervals, the relaxed distance between the bench marks isremeasured. The fabric growth is calculated from the lengthdifference between the bench marks prior to application of thetension and after relaxation.4.3 Fabric Growth
17、 after Stretching to a SpecifiedExtensionBench marks of a known distance are made on afabric specimen. A specimen, paired to one used in the fabricstretch test, is held at a specified extension for a prescribedperiod of time. The tension is then removed from the specimenand the distance between the
18、bench marks is measured after thespecimen has been allowed to relax for various time intervals.The fabric growth at each time interval is calculated from thedistance between the bench marks of the specimen prior tostretching and the length after each relaxation period at zerotension.4.4 Fabric Recov
19、eryfabric recovery is calculated as thepercentage of the fabric growth recovered with respect to thefabric growth determined after tension and/or after a specifiedextension obtained at the various relaxation intervals.5. Significance and Use5.1 these test methods are used to determine the stretch,gr
20、owth and recovery properties that garments made with thefabric tested may be expected to exhibit during use.5.2 these test methods is not recommended for acceptancetesting of commercial shipments because the between-laboratory precision is known to be poor.5.2.1 If there are differences of practical
21、 significance be-tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories todetermine if there is a statistical bias between them, usingcompetent statistical assistance. Use test samples that are ashomogeneous as possible, are drawn from th
22、e material fromwhich the disparate test results were obtained, and are ran-domly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing.The test results from the two laboratories should be comparedusing a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability levelchosen prior to the testing series.
23、 If a bias is found, either itscause must be found and corrected, or future test results for thatmaterial must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.3 Some stretch fabrics are constructed with stretch yarnsin only the filling direction. Consequently, for those fabrics,only the filling dir
24、ection needs to be tested.6. Apparatus6.1 Stretch Testing Instrument3consisting of the following:6.1.1 Frame or Board with a fixed clamp at the top.6.1.2 Separate Clamp, or other means of attaching a weightwith a known mass to the bottom of the test specimen.6.1.3 Dowel Pin, or equivalent, approxima
25、tely 6 mm (14in.) diameter6.1.4 Scale, to measure the span of bench marks on thespecimen graduated either in units of percent of original gagelength or 1 mm (0.5 in) 6 0.1 %.6.1.5 Locking Mechanism, for the bottom clamp to maintainspecimen extension.6.2 Tensioning Weights, for each position, with an
26、 attachedhook, when combined with the clamp described in 6.1.2 andthe dowel pin described in 6.1.3 provides a total mass of 1.8 kg(4 lb) for option 1 or 1.35 kg (3 lb) for option 2, each havingtolerances of (6 1 %).6.3 Sanforized Marker or equivalent, to make the benchmarks.6.4 Timer, with increment
27、s of at least 10 s.7. Sampling and Test Specimens7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take a random number of shipping units directed in a applicablematerial specification or other agreement between the pur-chaser and the supplier. Consider rolls of fabric or fabriccomponents of fabr
28、icated systems to be the primary samplingunit, as applicable.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping units, between packages within a shipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single packag
29、e to provide a sampling with ameaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level andlimiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory Sampling UnitAs a laboratory samplingunit take from rolls at least one full-width piece of fabric thatis1m(1yd)inlength along the selvage (machine direction),aft
30、er removing a first1m(1yd)length. For fabric componentsof fabricated systems use the entire system.7.3 Test Specimens and PreparationFrom each laboratorysampling unit, take three pairs of test specimens 65 by 560 mm(2.5 by 22 in.) with the long direction parallel to the testdirection. Take specimens
31、 representing a broad distributionfrom different positions diagonally across the width of thelaboratory sampling unit. Label to maintain specimen identity.7.3.1 When an end -use product or garment is provided, takespecimens from different areas. That is, if the product is agarment worn on the upper
32、body, if possible, take specimensfrom the shoulder, shirt tail, shirt back and front, and sleeve. Insome cases, the size of the specimen panels may not alwaysallow taking 560 mm (22 in.) long specimens in the testdirection.7.3.2 For fabric widths 125 mm (5 in.) or more, take nospecimen closer than 2
33、5 mm (1 in.) from the selvage edges ofthe laboratory sampling unit.7.3.3 For fabric widths less than 125 mm (5 in.), use theentire width of the laboratory sampling unit for specimens.7.3.4 Ensure specimens are free of folds, creases, orwrinkles.Avoid getting oil, water, grease, etc. on the specimens
34、when handling.7.3.5 If the fabric has a pattern, ensure that the specimensare a representative sampling of the pattern.7.3.6 Ravel the specimens to a width of 50 6 1 mm (2.00 60.05 in.) taking approximately the same number of yarns fromeach side of the specimen.7.3.7 Fold one end of the specimen 32
35、mm (1.25 in.) andstitch a seam approximately 25 mm (1 in.) from the fold.7.3.8 Cut a slit approximately 10 mm (38 in.) long in thecenter of the strip on the fold.3Apparatus is commercially available.D31070727.3.9 Lay the specimen on a smooth flat surface and allowto relax for 30 minutes.8. Condition
36、ing8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium fortesting in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles asdirected in Practice D 1776 or, if applicable, in the specifiedatmosphere in which the testing is to be performed.9. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration9.1 Verify measuring
37、scales and tension weights are withincalibration.10. Procedure10.1 Test the test specimens in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as described in Practice D 1776. Handle the testspecimens carefully to avoid altering the natural state of thematerial.10.2 Place bench marks at least 250 6 1mm(
38、106 0.05 in.)apart in the center of the specimen.10.3 Fabric Stretch after applying a Specified Tension:10.3.1 Select the tension option (1) 1.8 kg (4.0 lb) or (2)1.35 kg (3 lb) as directed in a material specification or contractorder. In the absence of a material specification or contractorder use
39、option 1.10.3.2 Clamp the end of one specimen in the top clamp ofthe stretch tester so that the folded and sewn loop end hangsfreely.10.3.3 Measure and record the distance between the benchmarks to the nearest 1 % or 1 mm (0.05 in.) and record asDistance O1(original before tension is applied).10.3.4
40、 Insert a dowel pin, or equivalent, through the loopand place the tension weight hook through the slit in the foldand over the dowel pin, thereby providing the specified tensionto the specimen.10.3.5 Pre-stress the specimen slowly by cycling 3 timesbetween 0 and the total tension specified. A comple
41、te cycleshould take approximately5sofwhich the specimen is underthe specified tension for approximately 3 s.10.3.5.1 Following the third cycle, apply the specifiedtension for a fourth time and measure the fabric stretch asdirected in 10.3.6.10.3.6 Determine fabric stretch after specified tension asa
42、pplicable to a material specification or contract order asdirected in 10.3.6.1 through 10.3.6.2. Measure the distance(fabric stretch) between the bench marks to the nearest 1 % oforiginal gage length while the fabric is under the specifiedtension as follows. In the absence of a material specificatio
43、n orcontract order, use 10.3.6.2.10.3.6.1 Immediately (within 10 s). Record as distance A.10.3.6.2 After 30 6 1 min Record as distance B.10.4 Fabric Growth after applying a Specified Tension:10.4.1 After following the directions in 10.3, remove thetension weight and allow to recover without tension.
44、 Deter-mine fabric growth after specified tension as applicable to amaterial specification or contact order as directed in 10.4.1.1-10.4.1.5. Measure the distance between bench marks to thenearest 1 % of original gage length after the tension is removedas follows. In the absence of a material specif
45、ication or contractorder, use 10.4.1.2.10.4.1.1 Immediate (within 10 s) Record as distance C.10.4.1.2 After 30 6 1 s record as distance D.10.4.1.3 After 30 6 1 min. record as distance E.10.4.1.4 After 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance F.10.4.1.5 After 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance G.10.4.2 Remove th
46、e tested specimens, in turn, and continueas directed in section 10.3 and 10.4 until 3 specimens havebeen tested for each laboratory sampling unit.10.5 Fabric Growth after Stretching to a Specified Exten-sion:10.5.1 Place the second specimen of the pair in the stretchtesting equipment as directed in
47、10.3.1, then measure andrecord the distance between the bench marks to the nearest 1 %of original gage and record as Distance O2(original beforestretch).10.5.2 Extend the specimen 85 % of the average fabricstretch calculated in 11.1.1, Eq 2 and hold for a period of 30 61 min. Record as distance H.10
48、.5.3 After 30 6 1 min, release the specimen from thebottom clamp and allow it to hang freely.10.5.4 Determine fabric growth after extension as appli-cable to a material specification or contract order as directed in10.5.4.1-10.5.4.4. Measure the distance between bench marksto the nearest 1 % of orig
49、inal gage length after the tension isremoved as follows. In the absence of a material specificationor contract order, use 10.5.4.2.10.5.4.1 after 30 6 1 s. record as distance I.10.5.4.2 after 30 6 1 min. record as distance J.10.5.4.3 after 1 h 6 1 min. record as distance K.10.5.4.4 after 2 h 6 1 min. record as distance L.10.5.5 Remove the tested specimens, in turn, and continueas directed in 10.5 until 3 specimens have been tested for eachlaboratory sampling unit.11. Calculation11.1 If using a scale graduated in percent of original gagelength, read the percent fabric stre
