1、Designation: D 3111 99 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forFlexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by MandrelBend Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial changes were made in Section 2 and 3.1 in September 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test meth
3、od covers the determination of the flex-ibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under specific testconditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful forcomparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization ofadhesives.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard
4、. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 907 Terminology of AdhesivesE 171 Specification for Standard Atmospheres for Condi-tioning and Testing Flexible Barrier MaterialsNOTE 1Although no tests related specifically to flexibility of unsup-ported hot-mel
6、t adhesives in sheet form, the above tests concerned withfilm flexibility of coatings (supported films) are similar.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the terms found in this testmethod are defined in Terminology D 907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flexibility, nthat pro
7、perty of a material by virtue ofwhich it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergo-ing rupture.3.2.2 hot-melt adhesive, nan adhesive that is applied in amolten state and forms a bond on cooling to a solid state.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test strips of a hot-melt adhesive properly sized an
8、dconditioned, are bent 180 over a mandrel (rod). Using a freshspecimen for each test, the test is repeated with smallerdiameter mandrels until the adhesive fails on bending. Theflexibility of the adhesive is the smallest diameter mandrel overwhich four out of five test specimens do not break.5. Sign
9、ificance and Use5.1 The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requireslittle investment in equipment and little operator training. Theprime purpose is to determine whether a hot-melt adhesivemeets flexibility requirements. This test is also useful forcomparing flexibility of several adhesives.
10、It can be used todesign adhesives by comparing the flexibility of variousformulations to meet specific end use parameters. The adhesiveflexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambi-ent by conditioning the test apparatus and test specimens at thedesired temperature and performing the
11、test under thesetemperature conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 The test apparatus consists of a series of differentdiameter cylindrical rods or mandrels supported at each end.There shall be enough space to permit placement of the flat sideof a test specimen tangentially at right angles to the longitu-dinal
12、axis of the test mandrel. Individual requirements deter-mine the diameter and lengths of the rods needed. For mosttests, 3.2 mm (;18 in.), 6.4 mm (;14 in.), and 12.8 mm (;12in.) diameter by 75 to 150-mm (;3 to 6-in.) long rods made ofbrass or stainless steel are satisfactory. Fig. 1 describes twosim
13、ple test frames, one with fixed mandrels and the otherdesigned to take any diameter mandrel.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D14 on Adhesives andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot Melts, PressureSensitives, and Archival Adhesives.Current edition approv
14、ed Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 3111 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
15、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test specimen dimensions can be varied dependingon the end use requirements of the hot-melt adhesi
16、ve. Fig. 2describes a recommended specimen size. It is 10 mm (;0.4in.) wide, 75 mm (;3 in.) long and 1.25 6 0.01 mm (;0.05in.) thick. The thickness dimension is critical and must beaccurately measured. The test specimens shall be cut frommolded or extruded sheets or film. Plying of several thinnersa
17、mples shall not be permitted. No flaws visible anywhere inthe sample to the naked eye shall be permitted.NOTE 1(Recess to fit test frame) Figures in parentheses are approximate.FIG. 1 Test Mandrel (Various Diameters) for Test FrameFIG. 2 Test SpecimenD 3111 99 (2004)e128. Conditioning8.1 Store the t
18、est specimens and test apparatus at the testconditions for 24 h. Perform the test under these sameconditions. For rapid screening, particularly at low tempera-tures, a minimum of 4 h conditioning can be used. Note thischange when recording data. If other conditions are notspecified, the storage and
19、test conditions will be 23 6 2C and50 6 5 % relative humidity. Specification E 171, details theseand other tests conditions.9. Failure9.1 Failure is a visible fracture, crazing, or cracking of thehot-melt adhesive. This can occur at any time during thebending of the adhesive test specimen over the m
20、andrel. Colorchanges or blushing not affecting the tensile properties of thematerial is not a failure, but should be reported.10. Procedure10.1 Run the tests in the same environment used to condi-tion the test specimens and test apparatus.10.2 Put the largest diameter mandrel in the horizontaloperat
21、ing position in the test frame.10.3 Grasp the test specimen between the thumb and fore-finger of one hand with the longest dimension between thefingers. For low temperature testing, use ordinary cotton workgloves to insulate the test specimens from the warm fingers.10.4 Lay the flat-side of the test
22、 specimen tangentially atright angles to the longitudinal axis of the test mandrel.10.5 Within 1 s, fold the test specimen 180 to form aninverted “U” shaped angle over the mandrel maintainingintimate contact with the mandrel.10.6 If no failure occurs, fold a fresh specimen over the nextsmaller diame
23、ter mandrel. Repeat the test using a fresh sampleeach time until failure occurs.10.7 Now repeat the test five times using five fresh testspecimens on the smallest diameter mandrel at which failurehad not occurred. To be significant, at least four out of five testspecimens must pass. Follow this proc
24、edure with smaller orlarger diameter mandrels until four out of five test specimenspass.10.8 Record the flexibility of the hot-melt adhesive as thesmallest diameter mandrel over which four out of five testspecimens passed.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Method of specimen prep
25、aration, molded, extruded,or other method.11.1.2 Specimen dimensions, especially thickness to within0.01 mm (12 in.).11.1.3 Conditioning and test conditions, temperature and, ifimportant, relative humidity.11.1.4 Smallest diameter mandrel over which four out offive specimens did not fail.11.1.5 Colo
26、r changes or blushing of nonfailing test speci-mens after bending.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No information about either the precision or bias ofTest Method D 3111 for measuring flexibility of hot-meltadhesives is available since the test result is non-quantitative.13. Keywords13.1 flexibility; hot
27、melt; mandrelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of suc
28、h rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for addit
29、ional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the
30、 ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3111 99 (2004)e13
