1、Designation: D3111 10Standard Test Method forFlexibility Determination of Hot-Melt Adhesives by MandrelBend Test Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3111; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flex-ibility of a hot-melt adhesive in sheet form under speci
3、fic testconditions. This is a working test. Its results are useful forcomparing adhesives, not for absolute characterization ofadhesives.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to
4、address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Termi
5、nology of AdhesivesE171 Specification for Atmospheres for Conditioning andTesting Flexible Barrier Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany of the terms found in this testmethod are defined in Terminology D907.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flexibility, nthat property of
6、a material by virtue ofwhich it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergo-ing rupture.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test strips of a hot-melt adhesive properly sized andconditioned, are bent 180 over a mandrel (rod). Using a freshspecimen for each test, the test is repeated with smallerdiamet
7、er mandrels until the adhesive fails on bending. Theflexibility of the adhesive is the smallest diameter mandrel overwhich four out of five test specimens do not break.5. Significance and Use5.1 The “Mandrel Bend” test is simple and fast. It requireslittle investment in equipment and little operator
8、 training. Theprime purpose is to determine whether a hot-melt adhesivemeets flexibility requirements. This test is also useful forcomparing flexibility of several adhesives. It can be used todesign adhesives by comparing the flexibility of variousformulations to meet specific end use parameters. Th
9、e adhesiveflexibility can be determined at temperatures other than ambi-ent by conditioning the test apparatus and test specimens at thedesired temperature and performing the test under thesetemperature conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 The test apparatus consists of a series of differentdiameter cylindric
10、al rods or mandrels supported at each end.There shall be enough space to permit placement of the flat sideof a test specimen tangentially at right angles to the longitu-dinal axis of the test mandrel. Individual requirements deter-mine the diameter and lengths of the rods needed. For mosttests, 3.2
11、mm (;18 in.), 6.4 mm (;14 in.), and 12.8 mm (;12in.) diameter by 75 to 150-mm (;3 to 6-in.) long rods made ofbrass or stainless steel are satisfactory. Fig. 1 describes twosimple test frames, one with fixed mandrels and the otherdesigned to take any diameter mandrel.7. Test Specimen7.1 The test spec
12、imen dimensions can be varied dependingon the end use requirements of the hot-melt adhesive. Fig. 2describes a recommended specimen size. It is 10 mm (;0.4in.) wide, 75 mm (;3 in.) long and 1.25 6 0.01 mm (;0.05in.) thick. The thickness dimension is critical and must beaccurately measured. The test
13、specimens shall be cut frommolded or extruded sheets or film. Plying of several thinnersamples shall not be permitted. No flaws visible anywhere inthe sample to the naked eye shall be permitted.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibi
14、lity of Subcommittee D14.50 on Hot MeltPressure Sensitive Archive Adhesives.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D3111 99 (2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/D3111-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websi
15、te, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
16、s.8. Conditioning8.1 Store the test specimens and test apparatus at the testconditions for 24 h. Perform the test under these sameconditions. For rapid screening, particularly at low tempera-tures, a minimum of 4 h conditioning can be used. Note thischange when recording data. If other conditions ar
17、e notspecified, the storage and test conditions will be 23 6 2C andNOTE 1(Recess to fit test frame) Figures in parentheses are approximate.FIG. 1 Test Mandrel (Various Diameters) for Test FrameFIG. 2 Test SpecimenD311110250 6 5 % relative humidity. Specification E171, details theseand other tests co
18、nditions.9. Failure9.1 Failure is a visible fracture, crazing, or cracking of thehot-melt adhesive. This can occur at any time during thebending of the adhesive test specimen over the mandrel. Colorchanges or blushing not affecting the tensile properties of thematerial is not a failure, but should b
19、e reported.10. Procedure10.1 Run the tests in the same environment used to condi-tion the test specimens and test apparatus.10.2 Put the largest diameter mandrel in the horizontaloperating position in the test frame.10.3 Grasp the test specimen between the thumb and fore-finger of one hand with the
20、longest dimension between thefingers. For low temperature testing, use ordinary cotton workgloves to insulate the test specimens from the warm fingers.10.4 Lay the flat-side of the test specimen tangentially atright angles to the longitudinal axis of the test mandrel.10.5 Within 1 s, fold the test s
21、pecimen 180 to form aninverted “U” shaped angle over the mandrel maintainingintimate contact with the mandrel.10.6 If no failure occurs, fold a fresh specimen over the nextsmaller diameter mandrel. Repeat the test using a fresh sampleeach time until failure occurs.10.7 Now repeat the test five times
22、 using five fresh testspecimens on the smallest diameter mandrel at which failurehad not occurred. To be significant, at least four out of five testspecimens must pass. Follow this procedure with smaller orlarger diameter mandrels until four out of five test specimenspass.10.8 Record the flexibility
23、 of the hot-melt adhesive as thesmallest diameter mandrel over which four out of five testspecimens passed.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Method of specimen preparation, molded, extruded,or other method.11.1.2 Specimen dimensions, especially thickness to within0.01 mm (12 in.
24、).11.1.3 Conditioning and test conditions, temperature and, ifimportant, relative humidity.11.1.4 Smallest diameter mandrel over which four out offive specimens did not fail.11.1.5 Color changes or blushing of nonfailing test speci-mens after bending.12. Precision and Bias12.1 No information about e
25、ither the precision or bias ofTest Method D3111 for measuring flexibility of hot-meltadhesives is available since the test result is non-quantitative.13. Keywords13.1 flexibility; hot melt; mandrelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connectio
26、n with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible
27、technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consid
28、eration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Bar
29、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3111103
