1、Designation: D3143/D3143M 13Standard Test Method forFlash Point of Cutback Asphalt with Tag Open-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3143/D3143M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash pointsby the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cutback asphalts having
3、flash points of less than 93C 200F.NOTE 1Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open Cup(Test Method D92IP 36) Method for asphalt cements and cutbackasphalts having flash points above 79C 175F.NOTE 2This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined inTest Method D1310, but is restric
4、ted to cutback asphalt having flash pointsof less than 93C 200F.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combini
5、ngvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency and many state agen-cies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapo
6、r, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs website (http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users shouldbe awar
7、e that selling mercury and/or mercury containingproducts into your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and
8、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe
9、or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a particular
10、end use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquidsby Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum a
11、ndPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for Use
12、in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-mometersE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometersE1137/E1137M Speci
13、fication for Industrial Platinum Resis-tance Thermometers2.2 IP Standard:IP 36 Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup31This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous As
14、phalt Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3143 08. DOI:10.1520/D3143_D3143M-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
15、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
16、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is placed in the cup of the tester and heatedat a slow but constant rate. A small test flame is passed at auniform rate in a level plane across the cup at specifiedintervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature a
17、t whichapplication of the test flame causes the vapor at the surface ofthe liquid to flash.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in determining that an asphaltcutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desiredrange of flammability, and that the product has not beencontamin
18、ated with lower flash point solvents.5. Apparatus5.1 Flash TesterTag Open-Cup Tester (manual) (Fig.A1.1) as described in detail in Annex A1.5.2 Shield, as described in detail in Annex A1.5.3 ThermometerA thermometer for measuring the tem-perature of the sample. The thermometer shall be one of thefol
19、lowing:5.3.1 An ASTM 9C 9F liquid-in-glass thermometer withsubdivisions and maximum scale error of 0.5C 1F whichconforms to the requirements of Specification E1. The ther-mometer shall be standardized in accordance with one of themethods in Test Method E77.5.3.2 Aplatinum resistance thermometer (PRT
20、) with a probewhich conforms to the requirements of Specification E1137/E1137M. The PRT shall have a 3- or 4-wire configuration andthe overall sheath length shall be at least 50 mm 2 in. greaterthan the immersion depth. Calibrate the PRT system (probe andreadout) in accordance with Test Methods E644
21、.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Bath Media:6.1.1 Water, for flash points to 79C 175F.6.1.2 Water-Glycol Solution (1 + 1), for flash points above79C 175F.6.2 Cleaning SolventsUse technical grade solvent capableof cleaning out the test specimen from the test cup and dryingthe test cup.7. Sampling7.1 Obt
22、ain a sample in accordance with the instructionsgiven in Practices D140, D4057, D4177,orE300.7.2 Transfer sample to the test cup when the sample is atleast 10C 18F below the expected flash point. Erroneouslyhigh flash points may be obtained if precautions are not takento avoid loss of volatile mater
23、ial. Do not open containersunnecessarily; this will prevent the loss of volatile material andpossible introduction of moisture. When possible, the flashpoint should be the first test performed on a sample.8. Assembly and Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Place the tester in a level position on a solid vib
24、ration-free table in a location free of draft. Shield the top of the testerfrom strong light so that the flash may be easily seen. Maintaina room temperature of 25 6 5C 77 6 10F throughout thetest.8.2 Adjust the horizontal and vertical positions of theignition taper so that the jet passes on the cir
25、cumference of acircle having a radius of 152 mm 6.0 in. and in a level plane3 mm 0.13 in. above the upper edge of the cup as measuredfrom the center of the orifice. The jet should pass across thecenter of the cup at right angles to the thermometer. Theseadjustments should be made only when required
26、as usually theapparatus is used continuously for a series of tests.NOTE 3The leveling device is used as a gage to adjust the height ofthe taper.8.3 Set the draft shield around the tester so that the sidesform right angles with each other and the tester is well towardthe back of the shield. If the ap
27、paratus is in a draft-free hood orflash room, the shield is not required.9. Procedure9.1 Manual Apparatus:9.1.1 Place the glass test cup in the metal bath and adjust thethermometer holder so that the thermometer is supported firmlyin a vertical position halfway between the center and edge ofthe cup
28、and on a line passing through the center of the cup andthe pivot of the taper. Place the thermometer so that the bottomof the device is 6 mm 0.25 in. above the inner bottom of thecup.9.1.2 Fill the metal bath with water or water-glycol solutionhaving a temperature at least 10C 18F below the probable
29、flash point of the material to be tested. Cool tap water issatisfactory in most instances when water is used, and may beintroduced into the chamber between the bath and sample cupsuntil a slight overflow is noted at the overflow spout. The bathsolution should be up to the overflow tube when the test
30、 cup isin place.9.1.3 Rest the metal leveling device on the rim of the cupand fill the cup with material to be tested until the level justtouches the pointer of the leveling device (this should beapproximately 3 mm 0.13 in. below the rim of the cup).NOTE 4The test sample should be at least 10C 18F b
31、elow theanticipated flash point.9.1.4 Light the ignition taper and adjust the test flame to adiameter approximately the same size as the comparison beadon the apparatus but in no case greater than 4 mm 0.16 in.NOTE 5Some instruments have a 4-mm 0.16-in. hole in theapparatus for comparison instead of
32、 the bead.9.1.5 Apply heat to the bath so that the temperature of thesample rises at the rate of 1C 2F/min 6 6s.NOTE 6When determining the flash point or fire point, or both, ofviscous liquids and those liquids that tend to form a surface film, thefollowing procedure is suggested: About 15 s before
33、the taper is passedover the surface, insert the end of a stirring rod to a depth of about 13 mm0.5 in. in approximately a vertical position. Move the rod fromside-to-side of the cup for three or four complete passes followingapproximately the path of the taper, remove, and continue the testingproced
34、ure.D3143/D3143M 1329.1.6 Beginning at a point 10C 18F below the antici-pated flash point, make final adjustment of the sample level inthe test cup. (A syringe or medicine dropper provides aconvenient means of adding or removing the sample from thecup.) At successive 1C 2F intervals, pass the igniti
35、on taperacross the sample in a continuous motion, such that the timeconsumed for each pass is 1 s. The first pass should be madeimmediately after the final adjustment of the sample level.NOTE 7Each pass must be made in one direction only and the tapershould be kept in the “off” position at one or th
36、e other end of the swing,except when the flame is applied to the sample.9.1.7 Record, as the flash point, the temperature read on thethermometer at the time the test flame application causes adistinct flash in the interior of the test cup.10. Calculations10.1 Correct for barometric pressure. Observe
37、 and recordthe barometric pressure at the time and place of the test. Whenthe pressure differs from 101.3 kPa 760 mm Hg, correct theflash as follows:1! Corrected flash point 5 C10.25 101.3 2 p!2! Corrected flash point 5 F10.06 760 2 P!3! Corrected flash point 5 C10.033 760 2 P!where:C = observed fla
38、sh point, C,F = observed flash point, F,p = ambient barometric pressure, kPa, andP = ambient barometric pressure, mm Hg.10.2 The barometric pressure used in this calculation shallbe the ambient pressure for the laboratory at the time of test.Many aneroid barometers such as those used at weatherstati
39、ons and airports, are pre-corrected to give sea levelreadings; these shall not be used.11. Report11.1 Report the corrected flash point to the nearest 0.5C1F.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe single-operator standard deviation hasbeen found to be 3.7C 7F. Therefore, results of twoproperly condu
40、cted tests by the same operator on the sameasphalt should not differ by more than 10C 18F.12.1.1 The multilaboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be 5.4C 10F. Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests from two different samples of the same asphaltshould not differ by more than 15C 27F
41、.12.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D3143 for mea-suring flash point has no bias since the tag flash point can bedefined only in terms of this test method.13. Keywords13.1 cutback asphalt; flash point; open cup; tagANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. APPARATUSA1.1 The manual Tag Open-Cup Tester is sh
42、own in Fig.A1.1. It consists of the following parts, which must conform tothe dimensions shown, and have the additional characteristicsas noted:A1.1.1 Copper Bath, preferably equipped with a constantlevel overflow so placed as to maintain the bath liquid level 3mm 0.13 in. below the rim of the glass
43、 cup.A1.1.2 Thermometer Holder, supplied with the tester asshown in Fig. A1.1. It shall support the thermometer firmly ina vertical position.A1.1.3 Glass Test Cup (Fig. A1.2), of molded clear glass,annealed, heat-resistant, and free from surface defects.A1.1.4 Leveling Device, or gage, for proper ad
44、justment ofthe liquid level in the cup (Fig. A1.3). This shall be made ofapproximate metal with two projections for adjusting the liquidlevel in the glass cup to exactly 3 mm 0.13 in. below the toprim of the cup. This leveling device may also be used to adjustthe size of the test flame and for gagin
45、g the height of the taperabove the edge of the cup.A1.1.5 “Micro” of Small Gas Burner, of suitable dimen-sions for heating the bath. A screw clamp may be used to helpregulate the gas.Asmall electric heater controlled by a variablepower transformer may be used.A1.1.6 Ignition Taper, which is a small,
46、 straight, blow-pipetype gas burner. The tip of the taper should be approximately1.6 mm 0.06 in. in diameter and the orifice should be 0.8 mm0.03 in. in diameter. The ignition taper should be maintainedin a fixed horizontal plane above the test cup by means of aswivel device so that the test flame p
47、asses on the circumferenceof a circle having a radius of at least 152 mm 6.0 in. Acomparison bead 4 mm 0.16 in. in diameter may be mountedin a convenient spot. If mounted near the end of the ignitiontaper, a portion of the tip of the taper 1.6 mm 0.06 in. indiameter shall extend at least 3 mm 0.13 i
48、n. beyond the bead.A1.1.7 Draft Shield, consisting of two rectangular sheets ofnoncombustible material, 610 by 710 mm 24 by 28 in.,fastened together along the 710-mm 28-in. side, preferably byhinges.Atriangular sheet, 610 by 610 by 860 mm 24 by 24 by34 in. is fastened by hinges to one of the lateral
49、 sheets (to forma top when shield is open). The interior of the draft shield shallD3143/D3143M 133be painted a flat black if used for the manual device. Adraft-free fume hood may be used. The draft shield may not berequired if the apparatus is placed in a draft free environment.FIG. A1.1 Tag Open-Cup Flash TesterD3143/D3143M 134ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
