1、Designation: D 3143 08Standard Test Method forFlash Point of Cutback Asphalt with Tag Open-CupApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3143; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of flash pointsby the Tag Open-Cup Apparatus of cutback asphalts havingflash points
3、 of less than 93C (200F).NOTE 1Specifications commonly designate the Cleveland Open Cup(ASTM D92IP 36) Method for asphalt cements and cutback asphaltshaving flash points above 79C (175F).NOTE 2This procedure follows in general the procedure outlined inTest Method D 1310, but is restricted to cutback
4、 asphalt having flashpoints of less than 93C (200F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and h
5、ealth practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe o
6、r appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a particular e
7、nd use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point ofLiquids by Tag Open-Cup ApparatusD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum
8、 andPetroleum ProductsD 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD 6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and BiasData for
9、 Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 IP Standard:IP 36 Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland OpenCup33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is placed in the cup of the
10、 tester and heatedat a slow but constant rate. A small test flame is passed at auniform rate in a level plane across the cup at specifiedintervals. The flash point is the lowest temperature at whichapplication of the test flame causes the vapor at the surface ofthe liquid to flash.4. Significance an
11、d Use4.1 This test method is useful in determining that an asphaltcutback has been prepared with solvents that meet the desiredrange of flammability, and that the product has not beencontaminated with lower flash point solvents.5. Apparatus5.1 Flash TesterTag Open-Cup Tester (manual) (Fig.A1.1) as d
12、escribed in detail in Annex A1.5.2 Shield, as described in detail in Annex A1.5.3 Thermometric Measuring DeviceA thermometricmeasuring device having the ranges as shown below andconforming to the requirements prescribed in Specification E1or in the Specification for IP Standard Thermometers or a1Thi
13、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 onMiscellaneous Asphalt Tests.Current edition approved July 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1962. Last previous edition approved in 19
14、98 as D 3143 98 which waswithdrawn in January 2007 and reinstated in July 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o
15、nthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thermometric measuring device containing a platinum orthermoc
16、ouple sensing element. The device shall exhibit thesame temperature response as the mercury thermometers.Thermometer NumberTemperature Range ASTM IP5 to +110C (20 to 230F) 9C (9F) 15C6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Bath Media:6.1.1 Water, for flash points to 79C (175F).6.1.2 Water-Glycol Solution (1 +
17、1), for flash points above79C (175F).6.2 Cleaning SolventsUse technical grade solvent capableof cleaning out the test specimen from the test cup and dryingthe test cup.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain a sample in accordance with the instructionsgiven in Practices D 140, D 4057, D 4177,orE 300.7.2 Transfer samp
18、le to the test cup when the sample is atleast 10C (18F) below the expected flash point. Erroneouslyhigh flash points may be obtained if precautions are not takento avoid loss of volatile material. Do not open containersunnecessarily; this will prevent the loss of volatile material andpossible introd
19、uction of moisture. When possible, the flashpoint should be the first test performed on a sample.8. Assembly and Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Place the tester in a level position on a solid vibration-free table in a location free of draft. Shield the top of the testerfrom strong light so that the fla
20、sh may be easily seen. Maintaina room temperature of 25 6 5C (77 6 10F) throughout thetest.8.2 Adjust the horizontal and vertical positions of theignition taper so that the jet passes on the circumference of acircle having a radius of 152.4 mm (6.0 in.) and in a level plane3.2 mm (0.13 in.) above th
21、e upper edge of the cup as measuredfrom the center of the orifice. The jet should pass across thecenter of the cup at right angles to the thermometric measuringdevice. These adjustments should be made only when requiredas usually the apparatus is used continuously for a series oftests.NOTE 3The leve
22、ling device is used as a gage to adjust the height ofthe taper.8.3 Set the draft shield around the tester so that the sidesform right angles with each other and the tester is well towardthe back of the shield. If the apparatus is in a draft-free hood orflash room, the shield is not required.9. Calib
23、ration and Standardization9.1 Calibrate the temperature measuring device according tothe manufacturers instructions.10. Procedure10.1 Manual Apparatus:10.1.1 Place the glass test cup in the metal bath and adjustthe thermometric measuring device holder so that the thermo-metric measuring device is su
24、pported firmly in a verticalposition halfway between the center and edge of the cup and ona line passing through the center of the cup and the pivot of thetaper. Place the thermometric measuring device so that thebottom of the device is 6.3 mm (0.25 in.) above the innerbottom of the cup.10.1.2 Fill
25、the metal bath with water or water-glycol solu-tion having a temperature at least 10C (18F) below theprobable flash point of the material to be tested. Cool tap wateris satisfactory in most instances when water is used, and maybe introduced into the chamber between the bath and samplecups until a sl
26、ight overflow is noted at the overflow spout. Thebath solution should be up to the overflow tube when the testcup is in place.10.1.3 Rest the metal leveling device on the rim of the cupand fill the cup with material to be tested until the level justtouches the pointer of the leveling device (this sh
27、ould beapproximately 3.3 mm (0.13 in.) below the rim of the cup).NOTE 4The test sample should be at least 10C (18F) below theanticipated flash point.10.1.4 Light the ignition taper and adjust the test flame to adiameter approximately the same size as the comparison beadon the apparatus but in no cas
28、e greater than 4 mm (0.16 in.).NOTE 5Some instruments have a 4-mm (0.16-in.) hole in the appa-ratus for comparison instead of the bead.10.1.5 Apply heat to the bath so that the temperature of thesample rises at the rate of 1C (2F)/min 6 6s.NOTE 6When determining the flash point or fire point, or bot
29、h, ofviscous liquids and those liquids that tend to form a surface film, thefollowing procedure is suggested: About 15 s before the taper is passedover the surface, insert the end of a stirring rod to a depth of about 13 mm(0.5 in.) in approximately a vertical position. Move the rod fromside-to-side
30、 of the cup for three or four complete passes followingapproximately the path of the taper, remove, and continue the testingprocedure.10.1.6 Beginning at a point 10C (18F) below the antici-pated flash point, make final adjustment of the sample level inthe test cup. (A syringe or medicine dropper pro
31、vides aconvenient means of adding or removing the sample from thecup.) At successive 1C (2F) intervals, pass the ignition taperacross the sample in a continuous motion, such that the timeconsumed for each pass is 1 s. The first pass should be madeimmediately after the final adjustment of the sample
32、level.NOTE 7Each pass must be made in one direction only and the tapershould be kept in the “off” position at one or the other end of the swing,except when the flame is applied to the sample.10.1.7 Record, as the flash point, the temperature read onthe thermometric device at the time the test flame
33、applicationcauses a distinct flash in the interior of the test cup.11. Calculations11.1 Correct for barometric pressure. Observe and recordthe barometric pressure at the time and place of the test. Whenthe pressure differs from 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg), correct theflash as follows:1! Corrected flash po
34、int 5 C 1 0.25 101.3 p!2! Corrected flash point 5 F 1 0.06 760 P!3! Corrected flash point 5 C 1 0.033 760 P!D3143082where:C = observed flash point, C,F = observed flash point, F,p = ambient barometric pressure, kPa, andP = ambient barometric pressure, mm Hg.11.2 The barometric pressure used in this
35、calculation shallbe the ambient pressure for the laboratory at the time of test.Many aneroid barometers such as those used at weatherstations and airports, are pre-corrected to give sea levelreadings; these shall not be used.12. Report12.1 Report the corrected flash point to the nearest 0.5C(1F).13.
36、 Precision and Bias13.1 PrecisionThe single-operator standard deviation hasbeen found to be 3.7C (7F). Therefore, results of twoproperly conducted tests by the same operator on the sameasphalt should not differ by more than 10C (18F).13.1.1 The multilaboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be
37、5.4C (10F). Therefore, results of two properlyconducted tests from two different samples of the same asphaltshould not differ by more than 15C (27F).13.2 BiasThe procedure in Test Method D 3143 for mea-suring flash point has no bias since the tag flash point can bedefined only in terms of this test
38、method.14. Keywords14.1 cutback asphalt; flash point; open cup; tagANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. APPARATUSA1.1 The Tag Open-Cup Tester is shown in Fig. A1.1.Itconsists of the following parts, which must conform to thedimensions shown, and have the additional characteristics asnoted:A1.1.1 Copper B
39、ath, preferably equipped with a constantlevel overflow so placed as to maintain the bath liquid level 3.2mm (0.13 in.) below the rim of the glass cup.A1.1.2 Thermometric Measuring Device Holder, suppliedwith the tester as shown in Fig.A1.1. It shall support the devicefirmly in a vertical position.A1
40、.1.3 Glass Test Cup (Fig. A1.2), of molded clear glass,annealed, heat-resistant, and free from surface defects.A1.1.4 Leveling Device, or gage, for proper adjustment ofthe liquid level in the cup (Fig. A1.3). This shall be made ofapproximate metal with two projections for adjusting the liquidlevel i
41、n the glass cup to exactly 3.2 mm ( 0.13 in.) below thetop rim of the cup. This leveling device may also be used toadjust the size of the test flame and for gaging the height of thetaper above the edge of the cup.A1.1.5 “Micro” of Small Gas Burner, of suitable dimen-sions for heating the bath. A scr
42、ew clamp may be used to helpregulate the gas.Asmall electric heater controlled by a variablepower transformer may be used.A1.1.6 Ignition Taper, which is a small, straight, blow-pipetype gas burner. The tip of the taper should be approximately1.6 mm (0.06 in.) in diameter and the orifice should be 0
43、.8 mm(0.03 in.) in diameter. The ignition taper should be maintainedin a fixed horizontal plane above the test cup by means of aswivel device so that the test flame passes on the circumferenceof a circle having a radius of at least 152.4 mm (6.0 in.). Acomparison bead 4.0 mm (0.16 in.) in diameter m
44、ay bemounted in a convenient spot. If mounted near the end of theignition taper, a portion of the tip of the taper 1.6 mm (0.06 in.)in diameter shall extend at least 3.2 mm (0.13 in.) beyond thebead.A1.1.7 Draft Shield, consisting of two rectangular sheets ofnoncombustible material, 610 by 710 mm (2
45、4 by 28 in.),fastened together along the 710-mm (28-in.) side, preferably byhinges.Atriangular sheet, 610 by 610 by 860 mm (24 by 24 by34 in.) is fastened by hinges to one of the lateral sheets (to forma top when shield is open). The interior of the draft shield shallbe painted a flat black if used
46、for the manual device. Adraft-free fume hood may be used. The draft shield may not berequired if the apparatus is placed in a draft free environment.D3143083FIG. A1.1 Tag Open-Cup Flash TesterD3143084Inch-pound Equivalentsmm in. mm in.0.8 0.03 38.1 1.505.6 0.22 47.6 1.887.1 0.28 50.8 2.007.9 0.31 51
47、.6 2.039.5 0.38 55.6 2.1915.9 0.63 63.5 2.5016.7 0.66 71.4 2.8130.2 1.19 81.0 3.1934.9 1.38 174.6 6.87FIG. A1.2 Glass Test CupInch-pound Equivalentsmm in. mm in.0.8 0.03 25.4 1.003.2 0.13 50.8 2.000.07 0.003 63.5 2.504.0 0.16 127.0 5.00FIG. A1.3 Leveling Device for Adjusting Liquid Level in Test Cup
48、,Height of Taper Above Cup, and Size of Test FlameD3143085ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such pate
49、nt rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, w
