1、Designation: D 3155 98 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forLime Content of Uncured Soil-Lime Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3155; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the limecontent of soil-lime mixtures sampled from a project underconstruct
3、ion or at the pug-mill, or both.1.2 In soils with highly variable amounts of CaCo3(such ascaliche), it may be difficult to obtain a representative sample.1.3 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded asthe standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, i
4、f any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone
5、 (as usedby the Industry)C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing
6、 and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and SpecifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C51for terms relating t
7、o lime.3.1.2 Refer to Terminology D 653 for terms relating to soil.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative specimen is obtained after thoroughmixing of the soil and lime and sieving through a 4.75-mm(No. 4) sieve.4.2 A 300 g specimen of the minimum 4.75-mm (No. 4)material is shaken together wi
8、th 600-mL of ammonium chlo-ride solution.4.3 A 10 mL aliquot of fluid from 4.2 is mixed with 100 mLof water, and sodium hydroxide is added until a pH of 13.0 to13.5 is obtained.4.4 Triethanolamine and indicator powder is added to thesolution and EDTA is used to titrate to a clear blue endpoint.4.5 T
9、he mL of EDTA used is compared to a calibrationcurve to determine percent lime by dry mass of the totalspecimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method can be used to determine the limecontent of uncured soil-lime mixtures.5.1.1 Lime content in soil-lime mixes is needed by agenciessuch as highwa
10、y departments, that have to determine limecontent in soil-lime for payments to contractors, to checkcompliance with specifications, or to check the efficacy ofquality control measures.5.1.2 Lime content is also needed by producers of soil-limemixtures who have to determine lime content for productio
11、ncontrol purposes.NOTE 1Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias con-tained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependenton the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Prac
12、ticeD 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance withPractice D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testingdepends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides means of evaluatingsome of those
13、 factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, a class GPI balance having a capacity of 1000g or more and meeting the requirements of SpecificationD 4753.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization withA
14、dmixtures.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 3155-98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
15、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Glassware25-mLgraduated cyl
16、inder, 1000-mLgradu-ated cylinder, 25-mL burets, 10-mL volumetric pipets, 250-mLErlynmeyer flasks, medicine droppers.6.3 Plasticware1.9-L (2 qt) polyethylene containers withsnap-on covers, 300-mm (12 in.) diameter plastic funnel, 19-L(5-gal) polyethylene bottles for ammonium chloride, 19-L(5-gal) po
17、lyethylene bottles for water.6.4 Buret Stand, for 25-mL buret.6.5 Stirrer and Stirring Bar, magnetic, or equivalent appa-ratus.6.6 Stirring Rods, stainless steel, approximately 300 mm(12 in.) in length.6.7 pH IndicatorSupply of pH indicator paper or anapproved pH meter with a pH range from 10 to 14.
18、6.8 Sieve, 4.75-mm (No. 4), required for soils containingparticles larger than this size.7. Reagents7.1 Purity of Reagent ChemicalsUse reagent gradechemicals in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intendedthat all reagents conform to the specifications of the committeeon Analytical Reagents
19、 of the American Chemical Society3,where such specifications are available. Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.1.1 Ammonium Chloride Solution, 100 g/LTransfer1
20、893 g of USP granular ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) to a 19-L(5-gal) plastic bottle. Dissolve it in about 7.5 to 11.4 L (2 to 3gal) of water, make up to 18.9 L (5 gal), and mix well.7.1.2 EDTA Solution (0.1 M)Dissolve 74.45 g of a reagentgrade disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate dihydrate(Na2C10H1
21、4N2O82H2O) powder in about 1 L of warm waterin a beaker. Cool to room temperature, transfer quantitativelyto a 2-L volumetric flask, and fill to the mark with water. Storein a polyethylene bottle.7.1.3 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 500g/LWith constantstirring, cautiously add 500 g of reagent grade sodi
22、um hydrox-ide (NaOH) pellets to 600 mL of water, stir until dissolved, andallow to cool to room temperature. Dilute to 1 L with water.Store in a plastic bottle. Dilute with an equal volume of waterfor use.7.1.4 Triethanolamine Solution, 200 g/LMix 100 mL ofreagent grade triethanolamine (HOCH2CH2)3N
23、in 200 to 300mL of water in a beaker, dilute to 500 mL, mix well, and storein a plastic bottle.7.1.5 Hydroxynaphthol Blue Indicator Powder (CAS No.63451354)4If preferred, Cal Red may be used as an indica-tor.57.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water are understood to mean re
24、agent water conforming toSpecification D 1193, Type II.8. Preparation of Calibration Curve8.1 From the soil and lime materials to be used for con-struction, prepare three sets of duplicate specimens at thedesign water content in order that they contain the followingamount of lime:8.1.1 Set 1Two samp
25、les at 75 % of the design limecontent,8.1.2 Set 2Two samples at 100 % of the design limecontent,8.1.3 Set 3Two samples at 125 % of the design limecontent.8.2 For each specimen, compute quantities of soil, lime andwater as follows:Ms5 S/1 1 W/100! 3 1 1 L/100! (1)Mr5 R/100! 3 MsMf5 Ms MrMl5 L/100!3 M
26、sVw5 W/100! Ms Ml!Ms= total dry mass of soil, g,Mr= mass of material retained on 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,g,Mf= mass of material passing 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, g,Ml= mass of lime, g,Vw= volume of water, mL,W = design water content, dry mass % of soil,L = lime content, dry mass % of soil,R = material re
27、tained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, %, andS = specimen size: 300.0 g when 100 % of the soil passesa 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; 700.0 g when part of thesoil is retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.8.3 Mix the dry soil and lime thoroughly to a uniform color.Add the water and mix thoroughly until uniformly m
28、oist.8.4 For soils with 100 % passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,titrate each 300-g specimen as described in Section 10. Aftertitrating the six specimens, construct a graph showing mL ofEDTA solution versus mass percent lime using average figuresfrom Sets 1, 2, and 3.8.5 For soils with material retaine
29、d on a 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve, thoroughly screen each 700-g specimen on the sieveuntil all the material retained is free of smaller, adheringparticles. Mix the material passing the sieve, weigh a 300 gspecimen, and titrate as described in Section 10. After titratingsix specimens, construct a graph sho
30、wing mL of EDTAsolution, using average figures from Sets 1, 2, and 3, versusgrams of lime, Ml 300, in a 300-g specimen computed by:Ml 3005 300/700 Mr!# 3 Ml(2)9. Test Specimen9.1 During construction, take representative samples of thesoil-lime mixture at the completion of mixing. Test the samplesimm
31、ediately or place them in covered plastic containers andtest them within 8 h after completing mixing.NOTE 2If the construction samples are obtained more than 8 h afterthe initial addition of the lime, then the calibration curve (see Section 8)should be obtained from a soil-lime mixture mellowed for
32、a time periodcommensurate with field conditions.3Reagent Chemicals, American Chemicals Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions of the testing of reagents notlisted by American Chemical Society Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals,BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset
33、, U.K. and the United States Pharmacopoeia.4Available from Mallinckrodt Balur, Inc., Phillipsburg, NJ, as Product CodeNumber 5630.5Available from Pfaltz and Bauer, Waterbury, CT, as Product Code H12970.D 3155 98 (2006)29.1.1 For soils with 100 % passing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,weigh a 300-g specimen
34、 and titrate as described in Section 10.9.1.2 For soils with material retained on a 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve, weigh a 700-g specimen. Screen the specimen thor-oughly on a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve until all the materialretained is free of smaller adhering particles. Weigh and recordas Mflwthe total material
35、 passing the sieve. Mix the materialpassing the sieve and weigh a 300-g specimen and titrate asdescribed in Section 10.NOTE 3If a correction is to be made for variations in water content,determine the water content, W, of a separate portion of the materialpassing a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Computation
36、s for the correction aregiven in Note 6.10. Titration10.1 Place each 300-g specimen in a 1.9-L (2-qt) polyeth-ylene container and add 600 mL of NH4Cl solution. Place thecover on the container and shake the container for 2 min (62s). Allow the mixture to settle for 4 min (62 s). Pipet a 10-mLaliquot
37、of the supernatant solution into a 250-mL Erlenmeyerflask and add 100 mL of water. While thoroughly mixing on amagnetic stirrer, add drops of NaOH solution until a pHbetween 13.0 and 13.5 is obtained, as measured by theindicator paper or approved pH meter. (Use a stirring rod totransfer drops of sol
38、ution to the indicator paper). Add (4) dropsof triethanolamine solution and then add about 0.2 g of theindicator powder. While the solution is being stirred on themagnetic stirrer, titrate with EDTA solution to a pure blue endpoint, and record the quantity in milliliters.NOTE 4A sharper endpoint may
39、 sometimes be obtained by addingapproximately half of the anticipated quantity of EDTAsolution before theaddition of the NaOH solution.NOTE 5All equipment must be kept scrupulously clean by thoroughrinsing with water. All reagents must be stored in polyethylene containers.11. Calculation11.1 If 100
40、% of the soil passes a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve,read the lime content by dry mass directly from the calibrationcurve corresponding to the titration results in mL of EDTA forthe test specimen.11.2 If the soil contains material retained on a 4.75-mm (No.4) sieve, read grams of lime from the calibration c
41、urvecorresponding to the titration results in mLof EDTAfor the testspecimen. Compute A and B as follows:A 5 Mflw/300! 3 Ml 300(3)B 5 700/1 1 W/100!#where:A = lime in 700-g specimen, g,B = soil and lime in 700-g specimen, g,Mflw= soil passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve as de-scribed in 9.1.2,g,Ml 300=
42、 lime read from calibration curve, g, and,W = design water content, %.Then compute L, percent lime by dry mass of total specimen:L 5 A/B A!# 3 100 (4)NOTE 6Variations of water content will have slight effect on theaccuracy of test. Correction for water content variation may be computedas follows:L 5
43、1 1 W/100!1 1 Vw/ Mf1 Mt!#3 L (5)where:L = lime corrected for water content varia-tion, %,L = lime determined from test specimen, %,W = water content of test sample as deter-mined in Section 9 (Note 3), %, and,Vw,Mf, and Mt= are quantities computed in Section 8 forCalibration Set 2.12. Precision and
44、 Bias12.1 From an interlaboratory study based on 60 test resultsobtained from 3 soils, 5 laboratories, and tests at 4 differentlime contents, the following statements can be made:12.1.1 Single Operator PrecisionBecause only one testwas performed on a given soil type at a given percent limecontent wi
45、thin a single laboratory, no single operator precisionstatement can be made.12.1.2 Multilaboratory PrecisionThe multilaboratorystandard deviation has been found to be 0.23 % of lime contentand 0.34 mL of EDTA.612.1.3 BiasWhen experimental results are compared withknown values from accurately compoun
46、ded specimens, thebias of the test method is found within 95% confidence to liebetween 0.02 and 0.73 % of the true lime content.13. Keywords13.1 EDTA; lime; soil; soil-lime6These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C 670.D 3155 98 (2006)3SUMMARY OF CHAN
47、GESCommittee D-18 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3155-96) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) New Section 2, Reference Documents, has been added.(2) Section 3, Significance and Use, has been revised.(3) Section 4.1 added class of bala
48、nce to be used.(4) Section 5.1, Purity of Reagent Chemicals was added.(5) Section 7.2, Purity of Water, was added.(6) Note 1 was added.(7) Section 10, Precision and Bias, has been rewritten.(8) Section 13, Keywords, has been added.(9) A Summary of Changes Section has been added.(10) The term “moistu
49、re content” was changed to “watercontent” throughout.(11) The term “weight” was changed to “mass” throughout.(12) The term “sample” was changed to “specimen” whereindicated by ASTM format guide.(13) The symbol M for moisture content was changed to W forwater content throughout.(14) The symbol W for weight was changed to M for massthroughout.(15) Metric units were given precedence over English unitsthroughout.(16) Section 1.2 has been added.(17) Section numbers and note numbers have been changed asneeded.(18) Parentheses were added t
