1、Designation: D3159 10Standard Specification forModified ETFE-Fluoropolymer Molding and ExtrusionMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers melt processible
3、 molding andextrusion materials of modified ETFE-fluoropolymer. TheETFE resin is a copolymer of ethylene containing approxi-mately 75 mass % of tetrafluoroethylene.1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTMSI-10 are to be regarded as standard. The values given inparentheses are for i
4、nformation only.NOTE 1Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 (1994) andISO 12086-2 (1994) differ in approach or detail, data obtained using eitherare technically equivalent.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 11, of this specification. Thisst
5、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.4 Recycled material is not
6、 appropriate for this specifica-tion because performance requirements cannot be met withrecycled material. Therefore, this specification is for virginmaterial only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Soli
7、d Electrical Insula-tionD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates o
8、f Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers byDifferential Scanning CalorimetryD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE177 Practice
9、for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Use of the International System of Units(SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 12086-1 (1994) PlasticsFluoropolymer Dispersionsand Moulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 1ISO 12086-2 (1994) PlasticsFluoropolymer Di
10、spersionsand Moulding and Extrusion MaterialsPart 23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralThe terminology given in TerminologyD883 is applicable to this specification.3.1.2 lot, none production run or a uniform blend of twoor more production runs.3.1.3 Abbreviated Terms:3.1.4 GeneralThe abbrevia
11、ted terms given in Terminol-ogy D1600 are applicable to this specification.4. Classification4.1 This specification covers five types of modified ETFE-fluoropolymer supplied in pellet form classified according totheir specific gravity. The resins of each type are divided intoone to three grades accor
12、ding to their melt flow rate.4.2 A one-line system shall be used to specify materialscovered by this specification. The system uses predefined cellsto refer to specific aspects of this specification, as illustrated asfollows:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlast
13、ics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials (Section D20.15.12).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3159 - 06. DOI:10.1520/D3159-10.2For referenced ASTM standar
14、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Interna
15、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.SpecificationStandard Number : Type : Grade : SpecialBlock : : : Notes: ,:Example: Specification D3159 95, I 2For this example, the line callout shall be, SpecificationD3159 95,I2 and shall specify a modified
16、 ETFE-fluoropolymer that has all of the properties listed for that typeand grade in the appropriate specified properties, or tables, orboth, in the specification identified. A comma is used as theseparator between the standard number and the type. Separa-tors are not needed between the type and grad
17、e.35. General Requirements5.1 The material shall be of uniform composition and soprepared as to conform to the requirements of this specifica-tion.5.2 The material described in this specification shall be freeof foreign matter to such a contamination level as shall beagreed upon between the purchase
18、r and the seller.6. Performance Requirements6.1 The average test result of the lot shall conform to therequirements prescribed in Tables 1 and 2 when tested by theprocedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those tests requiringa specimen molded as described in Section 8.7. Sampling7.1 The materials
19、shall be sampled in accordance with anadequate statistical sampling program.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm (0.06 6 0.01 in.)thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitableblanked-out section and thickness to produce the desired sheet.Use clean aluminum foil, 0
20、.13 to 0.18 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.)thick, in contact with the resin. A high-temperature moldrelease agent may be sprayed on the aluminum foil to helpprevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel moldingplates at least 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thick and of an area adequateto cover the chase.8.2 La
21、y down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet ofaluminum foil. Place the mold chase on top of this assembly.Place within the mold chase sufficient molding material toproduce the required sheet in such manner that the polymercharge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a secondsheet of alum
22、inum foil on top of the granules and add the topmold plate. Place the assembly in a compression molding presshaving platens that have been heated to 300 6 5C(572 6 10F).8.3 Bring the press platens to incipient contact with themold assembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Applyapproximately 1
23、MPa (145 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min. Thenapply 2 to 4 MPa (290 to 580 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min.Maintain the press at 300 6 5C (572 6 10F) during thesesteps. Remove the assembly from the press and place betweentwo 20 6 7-mm (0.75 6 0.25-in.) steel plates whose tempera-ture is less than 40C
24、(104F).8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to60C (122 to 140F), remove aluminum foil from the sheet. (Ifthe sheet is allowed to cool to room temperature, the aluminumfoil cannot be pulled free.)9. Conditioning9.1 For tests of specific gravity, tensile properties, andelectrical prope
25、rties, condition the molded test specimen inaccordance with Practice D618, Condition 4/23/50. The othertests require no conditioning.9.2 Conduct tests at the standard laboratory temperature of23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) for determination of specific gravity,tensile properties, and electrical properties on
26、ly. Since the resindoes not absorb water, the maintenance of constant humidityduring testing is not necessary. Conduct tests for flow rate andmelting endotherm under ordinary laboratory conditions.10. Packaging and Marking10.1 PackagingThe material shall be packaged in stan-dard commercial container
27、s so constructed as to ensure accep-tance by common or other carriers for safe transportation to thepoint of delivery unless otherwise specified in the contract ororder.10.2 MarkingShipping containers shall be marked withthe name of the material, type, and quantity therein.10.3 All packing, packagin
28、g, and marking provisions ofPractice D3892 shall apply to this specification.3See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.TABLE 1 Specific Gravity, Melting Point, and Flow Rate RequirementsType GradeI II III IV V1 2 3123121 1Specific gravity,min: 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.75 1.75 1.7
29、5 1.83 1.83 1.74 1.74max: 1.76 1.76 1.76 1.84 1.84 1.84 1.88 1.88 1.78 1.80Melting point, C,min: 255 255 250 220 220 220 218 218 220 250max: 280 280 280 259 259 259 230 230 240 260Flow rate, g/10 min,min: 2.0 8.0 25 2.0 10.1 25 9.0 25.0 10 15max: 16.0 28.0A45 10.0 19.0 40 18.0 35.0 40 30AMeasured wi
30、th 1.588-mm (0.0625-in.) orifice; other values measured with 2.095-mm (0.0825-in.) orifice.D3159 10211. Test Methods11.1 Melt Flow Rate:11.1.1 Principle of Test MethodDetermine the flow rate at297 6 1C using ProcedureAor B or Test Method D1238. Usethe extrusion plastometer described in Test Method D
31、1238 andmodified in accordance with 11.1.2. The sample shall be pelletsor pieces of approximately the same suitable size cut frommolded or extruded forms. Strips about 6 mm wide by 76 mmlong (0.25 by 3 in.) shall be conveniently handled. See Table 2or 3 of Test Method D1238 for the amount of charge
32、that shallbe adjusted accordingly with the melt density of ETFE beingused. Usually the charge amount is 5 to 15 g. Measure the flowrate using a load of 49 N for Types I, II, and III. Collect foursuccessive cuts for the manual method.11.1.2 ApparatusThe apparatus shall consist of an extru-sion plasto
33、meter, described in Test Method D1238, modified byuse of corrosion-resistant4alloy for the barrel lining, orifice,piston tip, and orifice securing device.5The orifice diameter is2.095 by 8.000 mm long (0.0825 by 0.315 in.) for all typesexcept 1.588 by 6.070 mm (0.0625 by 0.239 in.) for Type I,Grade
34、2.11.1.3 Procedure:11.1.3.1 Temperature CalibrationThe specified melt tem-perature of 297 6 1C is the temperature measured in the melt13 mm (0.5 in.) above the orifice. This temperature shall beobtained by controlling the temperature measured in thethermometer well at approximately 305C. Prior to ma
35、king atest, set the plastometer temperature as follows: With theorifice in place, insert a standardized thermocouple (Note 2)through the orifice from the bottom of the plastometer to apoint 13 mm (0.5 in.) above the top of the orifice. Charge 5 gof resin granules to the plastometer, compact with the
36、 piston,and wait 10 6 0.5 min for the melt temperature to reachequilibrium. Make the necessary adjustment in the temperaturecontroller to bring the melt temperature to 297 6 1C. Repeatthis calibration procedure and record the temperature versustime at 1-min intervals for the first 10 min. The polyme
37、r shallreach the 297C temperature within 5 min. With polymer in theplastometer for an elapsed time of 10 min for each pointmeasured, determine the melt temperature at 6.4-mm (0.25-in.)intervals from 6.4 mm to 51 mm (2 in.) above the orifice. Theentire temperature profile shall be within a range of 2
38、C. Thisprecision is readily obtained by proper insulation of the sides,bottom, and top of the plastometer.NOTE 2Suitable standards for thermocouple calibration are: lead,m.p. 327.5C, potassium dichromate, m.p. 398.0C, and zinc, m.p.419.4C.11.1.4 Precision and BiasPrecision and bias for this testmeth
39、od are to be determined by round-robin testing.11.2 Specific Gravity Determine the specific gravity of aspecimen approximately 25 by 38 mm (1 by 1.5 in.) blanked orcut from the molded plaque (see Section 8) in accordance withthe procedures described in Test Methods D792. Add 2 dropsof a wetting agen
40、t to the water in order to reduce the surfacetension and ensure complete wetting of the specimen.11.3 Melting Endotherm Peak Temperature:11.3.1 Determine the endotherm melting peak with a differ-ential thermal analyzer (DTA) or with a differential scanningcalorimeter (DSC) operated in a DTA mode at
41、10C/min(18F/min).11.3.1.1 If DTA equipment is used, refer to Test MethodD3418 except that the DTA shall be run at 10C/min to 325C(617F).11.3.1.2 With either the DTA or DSC, extend the straightlines tangent to both sides of the endotherm melting tempera-ture. Take the temperature at which the lines i
42、ntersect as theendotherm melting peak temperature.11.3.2 PrecisionThe single instrument precision of thedifferential thermal analysis applied to this test method is61.2C (2S) as defined in Practice E177.11.4 Tensile Properties:11.4.1 Cut five specimens with the microtensile die shownin Fig. 1. The d
43、ie shall be of the steel-rule or solid metal typeof curvature of 5 6 0.5-mm (0.2 6 0.02-in.) type. Determinethe tensile properties in accordance with the procedures de-scribed in Test Method D638 except that the specimens usedshall be as detailed above, the initial jaw separation shall be22.0 6 0.13
44、 mm (0.875 6 0.005 in.), and the speed of testingshall be 50 6 5 mm/min (2 6 0.2 in./min). Clamp the speci-mens with essentially equal lengths in each jaw. Determine theelongation from the chart, expressing it as a percentage of theinitial jaw separation.11.4.2 PrecisionFor tensile strength, the wit
45、hin-laboratory precision is 65 % of the average (2S), and thebetween-laboratory precision is 67 % of the average (2S). For4“Stellite” Grade No. 19, Haynes-Stellite Co., Kokomo, IN, and “Duranickel”No. 301, International Nickel Co., 67 Wall St., New York, NY 10005, have beenfound resistant to fluoroc
46、arbon resins. If you are aware of alternative suppliers,please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com-ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1which you may attend.5Suitable instruments are available commercially.TABL
47、E 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test Specimens for All Resins in This SpecificationType GradeI II III IV V123123121 1Tensile strength, min, psi: 5500 4400 5500 4500 4500 4000 4000 4000 5000 4000Elongation, min, %: 275 200 300 300 300 350 350 350 350 350Dielectric constant,103Hz, max: 2.6 2.6 2.6
48、2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6106Hz, max: 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7Dissipation factor,103Hz, max: 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008106Hz, max: 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009D3159 103NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres.FIG.
49、 1 Microtensile DieD3159 104elongation, the within-laboratory precision is 610 % (2S), andthe between-laboratory precision is 12 % (2S).611.4.3 BiasNo statement of bias can be prepared for thistest method, since there is no absolute method for use as acomparison basis.11.5 Dielectric Constant and Dissipation FactorDetermine dielectric constant and dissipation factor in accor-dance with Test Methods D150. Testing shall be done at 103Hzand 106Hz.12. Number of Tests12.1 One set of test specimens as prescribed in Section 11shall be
