1、Designation: D 3165 07Standard Test Method forStrength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by TensionLoading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method (Note 1) is intended for determiningthe comparative shear streng
3、ths of adhesives in large areajoints when tested on a standard single-lap-joint specimen andunder specified conditions of preparation and testing. Adhe-sives respond differently in small versus large area joints (Note2).NOTE 1While this test method is intended for use in metal-to-metalapplications,
4、it may be used for measuring the shear properties ofadhesives using plastic adherends, provided consideration is given to thethickness and rigidityof the plastic adherends. Doublers or bonded tabsmay be required for plastic adherends to prevent bearing failure in theadherends.NOTE 2This variation ca
5、n be influenced by adhesive density, flowcharacteristics, cure rate, gel time, carrier composition, entrapped vola-tiles, volatiles released during cure, etc. and also by cure cycle variablesincluding: temperature, time, pressure, rise rate to temperature, cool-downrate, etc. In addition to the proc
6、essing variables joint size changes the levelof constraint on the adhesive as well as the influence of induced tensileloads at the edge of the joint during mechanical or thermal loading.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for infor
7、mationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. R
8、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 167 Specification for Stainless and Heat-ResistingChromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and StripA 366/A 366M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon,Cold-Rolled, Commercial Quality3B 36/B 36M Specification for Brass Plate, Sheet, Strip, AndRolled BarB 152/B 152
9、M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,and Rolled BarB 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 265 Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip,Sheet, and PlateD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 2093 Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Priorto Adhes
10、ive BondingD 2651 Guide for Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Adhe-sive BondingD 3933 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Surfaces forStructural Adhesives Bonding (Phosphoric Acid Anodiz-ing)D 4896 Guide for Use of Adhesive-Bonded Single Lap-Joint Specimen Test ResultsE4 Practices for Force Verificati
11、on of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in that the joint configurationclosely simulates the actual joint configuration of many bondedassemblies. Surface preparation of the
12、 adherends can affect theapparent shear strength of the adhesive and can be one of thevariables under study.4.2 This test method is also useful as an in-process qualitycontrol test for laminated assemblies. In practice the laminatedassembly is either made over size and test specimens removedfrom it
13、or a percentage of the assemblies are destructivelytested.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this testmethod as design allowable stress values for structural joints1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
14、tee D14.80 on MetalBonding AdhesivesCurrent edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3165 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org
15、. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.could lead to product failure, property damage, and hum
16、aninjury. The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtainedfrom a given small single-lap specimen may differ from thatobtained from a joint made with different adherends or by adifferent bonding process. The normal variation of temperatureand moisture in the service environment causes the adherend
17、sand the adhesive to swell and shrink. The adherends andadhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisturecoefficients of expansion.4.3.1 Even in small specimens, short-term environmentalchanges can induce internal stresses or chemical changes in theadhesive that permanently affect the appar
18、ent strength andother mechanical properties of the adhesive. The problem ofpredicting joint behavior in a changing environment is evenmore difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a largerstructural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.4 The apparent shear strength measured with a
19、 single-lapspecimen is not suitable for determining design allowablestresses for designing structural joints that differ in any mannerfrom the joints tested without thorough analysis and under-standing of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.5 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and select-ing
20、adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigueand environmental changes, but such comparisons must bemade with great caution since different adhesives may responddifferently in different joints. Review Guide D 4896 for furtherdiscussion of concepts for interpretation of adhesive-bonded
21、single-lap joint data.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine, conforming to the requirements ofPractice E4. The testing machine shall be so selected that thebreaking load of the specimens falls between 15 and 85 % ofthe full-scale capacity. The machine shall be capable ofmaintaining a rate of loading of 8.
22、3 to 9.7 MPa/min (1200 to1400 psi/min), or, if the rate is dependent on crosshead motion,the machine should be set to approach this rate of loadingapproximately 1.27 mm/min (0.05 in./min) crosshead speed.It shall be provided with a suitable pair of self-aligning grips tohold the specimen. It is reco
23、mmended that the jaws of thesegrips shall engage the outer 25.4 mm (1 in.) of each end of thetest specimen firmly (Note 3). The grips and attachments shallbe so constructed that they will move into alignment with thetest specimen as soon as the load is applied, so that the longaxis of the test speci
24、men will coincide with the direction of theapplied pull through the center of the grip assembly.NOTE 3The length of overlap in the specimen may be varied wherenecessary. The length of the specimen between the end of the jaws to thebeginning of the lap however, must not be varied. This distance shoul
25、d be63 mm (2.5 in.) in all tests.6. Test Specimens6.1 Test specimens shall conform to the form and dimen-sions shown in Fig. 1. These shall be cut from test joints Fig.2, prepared as prescribed in Sections 7 and 8. The recom-mended thickness of most metal sheets is 1.62 6 0.125 mm(0.064 6 0.005 in.)
26、 (Note 4). The recommended length ofoverlap for most metals of 1.62 mm (0.064 in.) thickness is12.7 6 0.3 mm (0.50 6 0.01 in.) (Note 5).NOTE 4Since it is undesirable to exceed the yield point of the metalin tension during test, the permissible length of overlap in the specimenwill vary with the thic
27、kness and type of metal, and on the general level ofstrength of the adhesive being investigated. The maximum permissiblelength may be computed from the following relationship:L 5 Fty T/t (1)NOTE 1*L = length of test area. Length of test area can be varied. Recommended length of lap is 12.7 6 0.3 mm
28、(0.50 6 0.01 in.).FIG. 1 Form and Dimensions of Test SpecimenD3165072where:L = length of overlap, in.,T = thickness of metal, in.Fty = yield point of metal (or the stress at proportionallimit), psi, andt = 150 % of the estimated average shear strength in theadhesive bond, psi.NOTE 5A variation in th
29、ickness of the metal, and the length ofoverlap, will likely influence the test values and make direct comparisonof data questionable. For this reason, in comparative or specification tests,the thickness should preferably be 1.62 6 0.125 mm (0.064 6 0.005 in.)and the length of overlap should preferab
30、ly be 12.7 6 0.3 mm (0.56 0.01in.) or not in excess of the value computed in (Note 4). For developmenttests, values could be different, but should then be constant.6.2 The following grades of metals are recommended forthe test specimens:Metal ASTM DesignationBrass B 36/B 36M, Alloy 260 (6), Quarterh
31、ard TemperCopper B 152/B 152M, Cold Rolled, Type 110, Hard Tem-perAluminum B 209, Alclad 2024, T3 Temper, Mill FinishSteel A 366/A 366M, Regular Matte FinishCorrosion-resisting steel A 167, Type 304, No. 2B FinishTitanium B 265, Grade 3Other metals and surface treatments may be used to corre-spond w
32、ith the intended application. If the objective is toevaluate adhesive properties, a metal and surface preparationshould be selected that produces cohesive failures. If theobjective is to evaluate how the adhesive performs in aparticular application, the surface preparation and metal usedin that appl
33、ication should be selected and the resulting failuremode reported.6.3 At least 20 specimens shall be tested, representing atleast 4 different joints.7. Preparation of Test Joints7.1 Cut sheets of the metals prescribed in 6.1 and 6.2 torecommended size (Fig. 2). All edges of the metal panels andspeci
34、mens must be flat, free of burrs, and smooth (rms 4.06m160 in. maximum) before the panels are surface treated andbonded. Clean, treat, and dry the sheets carefully, in accor-dance with the procedure prescribed by the manufacturer of theadhesive, or as in Guide D 2651 and Practice D 3933. Preparethe
35、adhesive and apply per the recommendations of themanufacturer of the adhesive. Apply the adhesive to the fayingsurface of one or both metal sheets.Assemble the sheets fayingsurface to faying surface in pairs, and allow the adhesive tocure under conditions prescribed by the manufacturer of theadhesiv
36、e. It is recommended that each test joint be made withsufficient area to provide at least five test specimens.NOTE 1(All discards to be of common width as determined by width of cutting tool.)FIG. 2 Standard Test JointD31650737.2 For plastic materials, clean, treat, and dry the sheetscarefully, in a
37、ccordance with the procedure prescribed by themanufacturer of the adhesive or as in Practice D 2093.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 For initial preparation, trim the joint area in accordancewith Fig. 2. Cut test specimens, as shown in Fig. 1, from thejoints, Fig. 2. Carry out the cutting operati
38、on to avoid over-heating or mechanical damage to the joints (Note 6). Measurethe width of the specimen and the length of the overlap to thenearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) to determine the shear area.NOTE 6A fine-tooth, typesetters circular saw has been found suitablefor such purposes. Care should be take
39、n to make notch at right angle to thelong axis of the specimen and not to score the face sheet under the notch.Notch width (width of the saw) will affect performance level. A notchwidth of 1.6 mm (0.064 in.) is recommended.9. Procedure9.1 Test specimens, prepared as prescribed in Section 7,inan atmo
40、sphere maintained at 50 6 10 % relative humidity and23 6 3C (73 6 5F). Tests at other than ambient temperaturemay be run if desired. It is suggested that specimens beconditioned for a minimum of 10 min and a maximum of 30min at the temperature of test to assure equilibrium. Themanufacturer of the ad
41、hesive may, however, prescribe adefinite period of conditioning under specific conditions beforetesting.9.2 Pin the specimens or if jaws are used, place in the gripsof the testing machine so that the outer 25.4 mm (1 in.) of eachend are in contact with the jaws (Note 4) and so that the longaxis of t
42、he test specimen shall coincide with the direction ofapplied pull through the center line of the grip assembly.Applythe loading immediately to the specimen at the rate of 8.3 to 9.7MPa (1200 to 1400 psi) of the shear area per minute (approxi-mately 1.27 mm/min (0.05 in./min). Continue the load tofai
43、lure. This rate of loading will be approximated for 312.6mm2(0.5 in.2) area by a free crosshead speed of 1.27 mm (0.05in.)/min.10. Calculation10.1 Record the load at failure and the nature and amount ofthis failure (cohesion in adhesive or metal, or apparently inadhesion) for each specimen. Express
44、all failing loads inmegapascals (or pounds-force per square inch) of shear area.11. Report11.1 Report the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, in-cluding type, source, date manufactured, manufacturers codenumber, form, etc.11.1.2 Complete identification of the metal used,
45、 its thick-ness, and the method of cleaning and preparing its surfacesprior to bonding.11.1.3 Application and bonding conditions used in prepar-ing the specimens.11.1.4 Individual specimen width and length of the overlapto the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.).11.1.5 Conditioning procedure used for specime
46、ns prior totesting.11.1.6 Test temperature.11.1.7 Loading rate used.11.1.8 Number of specimens tested.11.1.9 Number of joints represented.11.1.10 Bondline thickness (Note 7).11.1.11 Individual failing load values.11.1.12 Maximum, minimum, and average values for thefailing load.11.1.13 Nature of the
47、failure, including the average esti-mated percentages of failure in the cohesion of the adhesive,contact failure, voids, and apparent adhesion to the metal.NOTE 7The average thickness of adhesive layer after formation of thejoint shall be reported within 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.). The method ofobtainin
48、g the thickness of the adhesive layer shall be described includingprocedure, location of measurements and range of measurement.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe data required for the development of aprecision statement is not available for this test method.Subcommittee D14.80 is currently plan
49、ning a round-robin testseries for this test method.12.2 Bias cannot be determined for this test method as noacceptable reference standard exists.13. Keywords13.1 assemblies; bonds; laminated; lap-joints; shearstrength; single-lap; tensionASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibili
