1、Designation: D 3176 89 (Reapproved 2002)Standard Practice forUltimate Analysis of Coal and Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the term ultimate analysis as it isapplied to the analysis of coal and coke. The informationderived is intended
3、 for the general utilization by applicableindustries, to provide the basis for evaluation, beneficiation, orfor other purposes.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish a
4、ppro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory An
5、alysis2D 2013 Method of Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis2D 2234 Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal2D 2361 Test Method for Chlorine in Coal2D 2795 Test Methods for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash2D 3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke2D 3173 Test Method for Moisture i
6、n the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke2D 3174 Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coaland Coke from Coal2D 3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the AnalysisSample of Coal and Coke2D 3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in theAnalysis Sample of Coal and Coke2D 3179 Test Methods for Nit
7、rogen in the Analysis Sampleof Coal and Coke2D 4239 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustion Methods2D 5142 Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analy-sis Sample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental Procedures2D 5373 Test Methods
8、for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples ofCoal and Coke23. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ultimate analysisin the case of coal and coke, thedetermination of carbon and hydrogen in the material, as foundin the gaseous products of its complete combustion
9、, thedetermination of sulfur, nitrogen, and ash in the material as awhole, and the calculation of oxygen by difference.NOTE 1The determination of phosphorus or chlorine is not bydefinition a part of the ultimate analysis of coal or coke. See Test MethodD 2361 for the determination of chlorine and Te
10、st Methods D 2795 for thedetermination of phosphorus.NOTE 2Moisture is not by definition a part of the ultimate analysis ofcoal or coke but must be determined in order that analytical data may beconverted to bases other than that of the analysis sample.NOTE 3Inasmuch as some coals contain mineral ca
11、rbonates, andpractically all contain clay or shale containing combined water, a part ofthe carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in the products of combustionmay arise from these mineral components.4. Significance and Use4.1 Summarizing the ash content and the content of theorganic constituents in a sp
12、ecific format under the heading,Ultimate Analysis, provides a convenient and uniform systemfor comparing coals or cokes. This tabulation used with that ofProximate Analysis (Practice D 3172) permits cursory valua-tion of coals for use as fuel or in other carbonaceous processesand of cokes for metall
13、urgical purpose.5. General Requirements5.1 Coal sample collection shall be in accordance withPractice D 2234, and sample preparation shall be in accordancewith Method D 2013. Coke sampling and preparation shall bein accordance with Practice D 346.6. Specific Requirements6.1 Carbon and HydrogenThe ca
14、rbon and hydrogen de-termination shall be made in accord with Test Methods D 3178or D 5373.6.2 SulfurThe sulfur determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D 3177 or D 4239.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility
15、of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved Sept. 29, 1989. Published February 1990. Originallypublished as D 317674. Last previous edition D 317684.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 NitrogenThe nitrogen determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D 3179 or D 5373.6.4 AshThe ash determination shall be made in accor-dance with Test Method D 3174 or Test Methods D 5142.6.5 OxygenThere being no satisfactory direct ASTM testmethod f
17、or determining oxygen, it shall be calculated bysubtracting from 100 the sum of the other components of theultimate analysis. The result so obtained is affected by errorsincurred in the other determinations of the ultimate analysisand also by the changes in weight of the ash-forming constitu-ents on
18、 ignition. By definition, oxygen calculated as a weightpercentage of the analysis sample according to this proceduredoes not include oxygen in the mineral matter or in the ash, butdoes include oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the analysis sample. See Section 7 of this practice forc
19、alculating and reporting results on other bases.6.6 MoistureThe moisture determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Method D 3173 or Test Methods D 5142.7. Calculation and Report7.1 The results of an ultimate analysis may be reported onany of a number of bases, differing from each other in t
20、hemanner by which moisture is treated.7.2 To avoid ambiguity and provide a means for conversionof data to bases other than the reported basis, it is essential thatexcept for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisturecontent be given in the data report.7.3 It is recommended that, for data
21、reported on the as-received basis (or any other moist basis), a footnote or someother means be ussed in the report to indicate whether thehydrogen and oxygen values reported do or do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the sample.7.4 Procedures for converti
22、ng ultimate analysis sample datato other bases are presented in Table 1.7.4.1 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basisinclude hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associ-ated with the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygenvalues reported on other moisture-containing bases may be
23、reported either as containing or as not containing the hydrogenand oxygen in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Alter-native conversion procedures are shown in Table 1.7.5 An example of ultimate analysis data tabulated for ahypothetical coal on various bases is given in Table 2.8. Precision8.1
24、 The permissible differences between two or more deter-minations shall not exceed the values listed in the precisionsection of the specific test method for the parameter deter-mined.TABLE 1 Procedures for Converting As-Determined Values to Other BasesAReporting BasisParameterBAs-DeterminedCDryAs-Rec
25、eivedD,EHarand OxarInclude H andOx in Moisture (Mar)Harand OxarDo Not IncludeHand Ox as MarAshCarbonNitrogen (P)SulfurNo corrections (See standardmethod)Pd5 Pad3S100100 2 MadDPar5 Pad3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDsame as column at leftHydrogen (H) No corrections (See standardmethod)Hd=(Had 0.1119Mad) Har5 Ha
26、d2 0.1119Mad! Har=(Had 0.1119Mad)3S100100 2 MadD3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDG3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadD+ 0.1119MarOxygen (Ox) Oxad= 100 Aad Cad Had Nad SadOxd=(Oxad 0.8881Mad) Oxar5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad! Oxar=(Oxad 0.8881Mad)3S100100 2 MadD3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDG3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDor + 0.8881MarOxd= 100 Ad Cd Hd Nd
27、 SdAA = ash, weight %;M = moisture, weight %;P = a symbol used interchangeably in the table to refer to ash, or carbon, or nitrogen, or sulfur, weight %;H = hydrogen, weight %;Ox = oxygen, weight %;ad = as-determined from analysis sample;ar = as received or any other moisture-containing basis (that
28、is, equilibrium capacity moisture basis, as-shipped moisture basis, bed moisture basis) if the appropriatemoisture value is substituted for Marin the formulae; andd = dry basis.BAll parameters expressed on a weight percent basis.CHydrogen and oxygen reported on as-determined basis include hydrogen a
29、nd oxygen in free moisture associated with analysis sample.DAlternative procedures are shown, differing on the basis of whether hydrogen and oxygen in the moisture are included or are not included in the report values. A footnoteor other means should be employed to indicate the basis used.ETo conver
30、t results to a moisture-containing basis other than as-received, as for example, equilibrium capacity moisture, substitute the appropriate moisture value forMarin the equations.D 31762ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any it
31、em mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical com
32、mittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
33、meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv
34、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.or
35、g).TABLE 2 Ultimate Analysis DataTest ParameterAs-DeterminedDry BasisAs-Received BasisHydrogen and Oxygen IncludeH and Ox in Sample Moisture(Mad)Hydrogen and OxygenInclude H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Hydrogen and Oxygen DoNot Include H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Carbon, weight % 60.08 66.02 4
36、6.86 46.86Hydrogen, weight % 5.44 4.87 6.70 3.46Nitrogen, weight % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69Sulfur, weight % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57Ash, weight % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13Oxygen, weight % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98Total moisture, weight % (as-received) . (29.02) 29.02Moisture weight % (samples as-determined)9.00 Total % 100.00(Air-dry loss in accordance with Method D 2013 = 22.00 %)D 31763
