1、Designation: D3176 09Standard Practice forUltimate Analysis of Coal and Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3176; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthe
2、ses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the term ultimate analysis as it isapplied to the analysis of coal and coke. The informationderived is intended for the general util
3、ization by applicableindustries, to provide the basis for evaluation, beneficiation, orfor other purposes.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concern
4、s, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D346 Practice for Collection and Preparati
5、on of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisD2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for AnalysisD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and CokeD3173 Test Method for Moisture in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and CokeD3174 Test Method for
6、 Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coaland Coke from CoalD3177 Test Methods for Total Sulfur in the AnalysisSample of Coal and CokeD3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in theAnalysis Sample of Coal and Coke3D3179 Test Methods for Nitrogen in theAnalysis Sample ofCoal and Coke3D3302 Test Method for
7、 Total Moisture in CoalD4239 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustion MethodsD4596 Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coalin a MineD4916 Practice for Mechanical Auger Sampling3D5142 Test Methods for ProximateAnalysis of t
8、heAnalysisSample of Coal and Coke by Instrumental ProceduresD5192 Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from CoreD5373 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination ofCarbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples ofCoal and CokeD6609 Guide for Part-Stream Sampling of CoalD6883 Practice for Ma
9、nual Sampling of Stationary Coalfrom Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or StockpilesD7256/D7256M Practice for Mechanical Collection andWithin-System Preparation of a Gross Sample of Coalfrom Moving Streams33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ultimate analysisin the case of coal and coke, thedeterminati
10、on of carbon and hydrogen in the material, as foundin the gaseous products of its complete combustion, thedetermination of sulfur, nitrogen, and ash in the material as awhole, and the calculation of oxygen by difference.NOTE 1Moisture is not by definition a part of the ultimate analysis ofcoal or co
11、ke but must be determined in order that analytical data may beconverted to bases other than that of the analysis sample.NOTE 2Inasmuch as some coals contain mineral carbonates, andpractically all contain clay or shale containing combined water, a part ofthe carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen found in the
12、products of combustionmay arise from these mineral components.4. Significance and Use4.1 Summarizing the ash content and the content of theorganic constituents in a specific format under the heading,Ultimate Analysis, provides a convenient and uniform systemfor comparing coals or cokes. This tabulat
13、ion used with that ofProximate Analysis (Practice D3172) permits cursory valuation1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal andCoke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods ofAnalysis.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 200
14、9. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D317689(2002).DOI: 10.1520/D3176-09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the sta
15、ndards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of coals for use as fuel or in other carbo
16、naceous processes andof cokes for metallurgical purpose.5. General Requirements5.1 Coal sample collection shall be in accordance with anyof the following Guides or Practices as appropriate: D2234/D2234M, D6609, D4596, D4916, D5192, and D68835.2 For coal, sample preparations shall be in accordancewit
17、h Practice D2013 or D7256/D7256M. The analysis sampleshall be the material pulverized to pass a 250m (No. 60)sieve in accordance with Practice D2013.5.3 Coke sampling and preparation shall be in accordancewith Practice D346.6. Specific Requirements6.1 Carbon and HydrogenThe carbon and hydrogen de-te
18、rmination shall be made in accord with Test Methods D3178or D5373.6.2 SulfurThe sulfur determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D3177 or D4239.6.3 NitrogenThe nitrogen determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods D3179 or D5373.6.4 AshThe ash determination shall be ma
19、de in accor-dance with Test Method D3174 or Test Methods D5142.6.5 OxygenThere being no satisfactory direct ASTM testmethod for determining oxygen, it shall be calculated bysubtracting from 100 the sum of the other components of theultimate analysis. The result so obtained is affected by errorsincur
20、red in the other determinations of the ultimate analysisand also by the changes in weight of the ash-forming constitu-ents on ignition. By definition, oxygen calculated as a weightpercentage of the analysis sample according to this proceduredoes not include oxygen in the mineral matter or in the ash
21、, butdoes include oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the analysis sample. See Section 7 of this practice forcalculating and reporting results on other bases.6.6 MoistureThe moisture determination shall be made inaccordance with Test Method D3173 or Test Methods D5142.6.7 The aire-dry
22、 loss or total moisture determination shallbe made in accordance with Practice D3302.7. Calculation and Report7.1 The results of an ultimate analysis may be reported onany of a number of bases, differing from each other in themanner by which moisture is treated.7.2 To avoid ambiguity and provide a m
23、eans for conversionof data to bases other than the reported basis, it is essential thatexcept for data reported on a dry basis, an appropriate moisturecontent be given in the data report.7.3 It is recommended that, for data reported on the as-received basis (or any other moist basis), a footnote or
24、someother means be used in the report to indicate whether thehydrogen and oxygen values reported do or do not include thehydrogen and oxygen in the free water (moisture) associatedwith the sample.7.4 Procedures for converting ultimate analysis sample datato other bases are presented in Table 1.TABLE
25、 1 Procedures for Converting As-Determined Values to Other BasesAReporting BasisParameterBAs-DeterminedCDryAs-ReceivedD,EHarand OxarInclude H andOx in Moisture (Mar)Harand OxarDo Not IncludeHand Ox as MarAshCarbonNitrogen (P)SulfurNo corrections (See standardmethod)Pd5 Pad3S100100 2 MadDPar5 Pad3S10
26、0 2 Mar100 2 MadDsame as column at leftHydrogen (H) No corrections (See standardmethod)Hd=(Had 0.1119Mad) Har5 Had2 0.1119Mad! Har=(Had 0.1119Mad)3S100100 2 MadD3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDG3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadD+ 0.1119MarOxygen (Ox) Oxad= 100 Aad Cad Had Nad SadOxd=(Oxad 0.8881Mad) Oxar5 Oxad2 0.8881Mad!
27、Oxar=(Oxad 0.8881Mad)3S100100 2 MadD3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDG3S100 2 Mar100 2 MadDor + 0.8881MarOxd= 100 Ad Cd Hd Nd SdAA = ash, weight %;M = moisture, weight %;P = a symbol used interchangeably in the table to refer to ash, or carbon, or nitrogen, or sulfur, weight %;H = hydrogen, weight %;Ox = oxygen
28、, weight %;ad = as-determined from analysis sample;ar = as received or any other moisture-containing basis (that is, equilibrium capacity moisture basis, as-shipped moisture basis, bed moisture basis) if the appropriatemoisture value is substituted for Marin the formulae; andd = dry basis.BAll param
29、eters expressed on a weight percent basis.CHydrogen and oxygen reported on as-determined basis include hydrogen and oxygen in free moisture associated with analysis sample.DAlternative procedures are shown, differing on the basis of whether hydrogen and oxygen in the moisture are included or are not
30、 included in the report values. A footnoteor other means should be employed to indicate the basis used.ETo convert results to a moisture-containing basis other than as-received, as for example, equilibrium capacity moisture, substitute the appropriate moisture value forMarin the equations.D3176 0927
31、.4.1 Hydrogen and oxygen on the as-determined basisinclude hydrogen and oxygen in free water (moisture) associ-ated with the analysis sample. However, hydrogen and oxygenvalues reported on other moisture-containing bases may bereported either as containing or as not containing the hydrogenand oxygen
32、 in water (moisture) reported on that basis. Alter-native conversion procedures are shown in Table 1.7.5 An example of ultimate analysis data tabulated for ahypothetical coal on various bases is given in Table 2.8. Precision8.1 The permissible differences between two or more deter-minations shall no
33、t exceed the values listed in the precisionsection of the specific test method for the parameter deter-mined.9. Keywords9.1 ash; carbon; coal; coke; hydrogen; nitrogen; oxygen;sulfur; ultimate analysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conne
34、ction with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsi
35、ble technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful co
36、nsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
37、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM we
38、bsite(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Ultimate Analysis DataTest ParameterAs-DeterminedDry BasisAs-Received BasisHydrogen and Oxygen IncludeH and Ox in Sample Moisture(Mad)Hydrogen and OxygenInclud
39、e H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Hydrogen and Oxygen DoNot Include H and Ox inSample Moisture (Mar)Carbon, weight % 60.08 66.02 46.86 46.86Hydrogen, weight % 5.44 4.87 6.70 3.46Nitrogen, weight % 0.88 0.97 0.69 0.69Sulfur, weight % 0.73 0.80 0.57 0.57Ash, weight % 7.86 8.64 6.13 6.13Oxygen, weight % (by difference) 25.01 18.70 39.05 13.27Total % 100.00 100.00 100.00 70.98Total moisture, weight % (as-received) . (29.02) 29.02Moisture weight % (samples as-determined)9.00 Total % 100.00(Air-dry loss in accordance with Test Method D3302 = 22.00 %)D3176 093
