1、Designation: D3183 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forRubberPreparation of Pieces for Test Purposes fromProducts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3183; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers meth
3、ods for the preparation ofpieces of a rubber vulcanizate that is not in the form of sheet.Such pieces are used as a source from which specimens areobtained for testing.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 Thi
4、s standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document
5、s2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, and Pro-cedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and PreparingStandard Vulcanized Sheets3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 piece, na rubber vulcanizate of a geometry fromwhich a specimen, suitable fo
6、r testing, may be obtained.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is used when it is necessary to test aproduct from which specimens cannot be cut directly. Proce-dures are given for preparing pieces suitable for preparingspecimens of the product.5. Conditioning5.1 Pieces shall be prepared for spe
7、cimen cutting and testingnot sooner than 16 h after vulcanization and not later than 60days after delivery to a purchaser (Note 1).5.2 Testing, for the purpose of production control, mayrequire that the pieces be prepared and tested prior to 16 h asspecified in 5.1. This practice shall be noted in t
8、he respectivetest report.NOTE 1This procedures time limit may be modified as agreed uponbetween laboratories or between supplier and user.6. Pieces6.1 Pieces shall be obtained, if possible, from the product tobe tested in accordance with the specification for the particularproduct. The pieces shall
9、be prepared in accordance withSection 7.6.2 When it is not feasible to prepare suitable pieces fromthe product, specially molded pieces or sheets may be preparedfrom the same unvulcanized rubber compound used to preparethe product. The sheets shall be vulcanized in accordance withPractice D3182 and
10、shall have an equivalent state of vulcani-zation judged from such properties as can be determined on theproduct. The sheets shall have one of the following thicknessesunless another thickness is technically necessary:mm in.2 0.2 (0.08 0.008)4 0.2 (0.16 0.008)6.3 0.3 (0.25 0.12)12.5 0.5 (0.50 0.02)7.
11、 Preparation of Pieces7.1 Rubber vulcanizates, particularly products, may nothave a suitable form or size for use in cutting specimens fortest. Procedures in this section describe the preparation ofpieces from vulcanizates that are too thick, have unevensurfaces, or contain textiles.7.1.1 After the
12、piece is prepared, it shall rest at least 30 minbefore the specimens are cut.7.2 Separation of TextilesThe separation should prefer-ably avoid the use of a swelling liquid. If this is not possible,1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubber andis the direct responsibilit
13、y of Subcommittee D11.10 on Physical Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3183 10. DOI:10.1520/D3183-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cu
14、stomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1use commercial isooctane (2,2,4-tr
15、imethylpentane), followingthe safety recommendations from the supplier and the MSDS.7.2.1 Take care to avoid excessive stretching of the rubberduring the separation, by separating a little at a time while therubber is gripped near the point of separation.7.2.2 If a liquid is used, place the rubber s
16、o as to permit freeevaporation of the liquid. Allow time for the complete evapo-ration of the liquid before the specimens are cut and tested.7.2.2.1 Some skiving machines can separate plies of rubberas in belts, hose, and tires (see 7.4).7.3 Cutting Knife ProcedureThis procedure is based oncommercia
17、l slicing machines. The machine consists of amotor- or hand-driven disk cutter of suitable diameter with amovable cutting table that transports the sample to the cuttingedge. An adjustable slow-feed mechanism is fitted to thecutting table that feeds the rubber forward to the line of cut andcontrols
18、the thickness of the slice. Clamping devices should beavailable to secure the rubber. The knife should be lubricatedwith a mild soap solution to ease the cutting operation.7.4 Skiving ProcedureThis procedure is based on com-mercial leather slitting machinery, and convenient types areavailable for cu
19、tting about 50-mm (2-in.) wide strips withthicknesses up to about 12 mm (0.5 in.).Adjustments should beavailable to vary the thickness of cut, and feed rollers should beprovided to transport the material past the knife. Provisionshould be made for continuous sharpening of the cutting edge.Attachment
20、s are available for splitting and cutting sectionsfrom cable sheathing and hose.7.5 Buffng TechniquesUse the buffing techniques de-scribed below when it is necessary to remove any unevennessof surface. Uneveness of surface may result from contact withfabric components, cutting techniques, or other r
21、easons.7.5.1 Abrasive WheelsThe buffing apparatus, commonlyknown as an Emerson Type Rubber Buffer,3should consist ofa grinder with motor-driven abrasive wheel. It is important thatthe wheel should run true, without vibration, and that theabrasive surface based on aluminum oxide or silicon carbide is
22、true and sharp. The grinder should be equipped with aslow-feed mechanism so that very light cuts may be made toavoid over-heating of the rubber. Suitable means should beprovided for securing the rubber to prevent excessive defor-mation and for controlled traversing of the rubber pass theabrasive whe
23、el (Note 2). In operation the depth of cut shouldnot exceed approximately 0.2 mm (0.008 in.). The successivecuts should be progressively thinner to avoid over-heating. Donot carry out buffing beyond the point where unevenness ofthickness has been eliminated. For removal of greater thick-nesses of ru
24、bber, use the cutting techniques indicated in 7.3 and7.4.NOTE 2Wheels of 125 to 150-mm (5 to 6-in.) diameter operating at asurface speed in the range of 20 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min) of grit size0.42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing and of grit size 0.18 to 0.42mm (grit No. 60) for finishing h
25、ave been found suitable.7.5.2 Abrasive Flexible Bands, The apparatus shall consistof either a motor-driven drum, on which a spiral helix of theabrasive is secured, or two pulleys, one motor-driven and theother adjustable to tension to centralize the movement of theband. The abrasive bands should be
26、of textile or paper, or acombination of the two, with the abradant based on aluminumoxide or silicon carbide bonded to its surface with a resinunaffected by water. Equipment should be provided for slowfeeding of the material to the abrasive band and for securingthe material without excessive deforma
27、tion (Note 3). Inoperation, cuts removing several tenths of a millimetre ofrubber are practicable as the heat build up is much lower thanwith the method of 7.5.1. The buffing may be either against thedrum, against one of the pulleys, or against the taut bandbetween the pulleys.NOTE 3Grit sizes of 0.
28、42 to 1.00 mm (grit No. 30) for roughing andof 0.05 to 0.18 mm (grit No. 100 or 180) for finishing with surface speedof the band in the range 20 6 5 m/s (4000 6 700 ft/min.) have been foundsuitable.8. Keywords8.1 cutting; Emerson Type rubber buffer; rubber buffer;rubber buffing; skiving; test piece;
29、 test piece preparation; testspecimen; testing of finished productsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
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32、 a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of th
33、is standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood
34、Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis CCSi, Inc., 221 Beaver St., Akron, OH 44304. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1which you may attend.D3183 10 (2015)2
