1、Designation: D3203/D3203M 17Standard Test Method forPercent Air Voids in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3203/D3203M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers determination of the percent airvoids in compacted asphalt mixtures.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in S
3、I units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
4、 practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guid
5、es and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density ofCompacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Coated SamplesD2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum S
6、pecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD3549 Test Method for Thickness or Height of CompactedBituminous Paving Mixture SpecimensD3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen
7、-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD4460 Practice for Calculating Precision Limits WhereValues are Calculated from Other Test MethodsD6752 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Densityof Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing MethodD6857 Test Method for Ma
8、ximum Specific Gravity andDensity of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Using AutomaticVacuum Sealing Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 air voidsthe pockets of air between the bitumen-coated aggregate particles in a compacted asphalt mixture.3.1.2 dense asphalt mixturesasphalt mixtures in which thea
9、ir voids are less than 10 % when compacted.3.1.3 open asphalt mixturesasphalt mixtures in which theair voids are 10 % or more when compacted.3.1.3.1 DiscussionFor borderline cases, an asphalt mix-ture shall be designated an open asphalt mixture if thecalculated percent air voids, based on either 6.1
10、 or 6.2,is10%or more.4. Significance and Use4.1 The percent of air voids in an asphalt mixture is used asone of the criteria in the design methods and for evaluation ofthe compaction imparted in asphalt paving projects.NOTE 1The text of this test method references notes and footnoteswhich provide ex
11、planatory material. These notes and footnotes (excludingthose in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of thetest method.NOTE 2The quality of the results produced by this standard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibr
12、ation, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance withSpecification D3666 alone does not completely ensu
13、re reliable results.Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions ofSpecification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides ameans of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.5. Sampling5.1 Samples for testing shall consist of specimens fromlaboratory-molded mi
14、xtures or cores from field-compactedmixtures.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 onSpecific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published Apri
15、l 2017. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D3203/D3203M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D3203_D3203M-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
16、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization establi
17、shed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Procedure6.1 For dense asphalt mixtures, determine the bulk specificgravity of the compacted mixture by
18、Test Method D1188,byTest Method D2726, or by Test Method D6752.6.2 For open asphalt mixtures, determine the density of aregularly shaped specimen of compacted mixture from its drymass (in grams) and its volume (in cubic centimetres).6.2.1 Obtain the height of the specimens by Test MethodD3549.6.2.2
19、Measure the diameter of the specimen at four locationsand determine the average.6.2.3 Calculate the volume of the specimen based on theaverage height and diameter measurement.6.2.4 Convert the density to bulk specific gravity by divid-ing by 0.99707 g/cm3or 997 kg/m3, the density of water at25 C.NOT
20、E 3The density measurements should be converted to theappropriate SI units before performing the calculation in 6.2.4.6.3 Determine the theoretical maximum specific gravity byTest Method D2041 or by Test Method D6857 on a comparableasphalt mixture to avoid the influence of differences ingradation, a
21、sphalt content, etc.6.4 For referee purposes, determine both the bulk specificgravity and the theoretical maximum specific gravity onapproximately equal portions of the same sample of compactedasphalt mixture.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the percent air voids in a compacted asphaltmixture as follows:
22、Percent air voids 5 1001 2 bulk sp grtheoretical maximum sp gr!(1)7.2 If the percent air voids of a specimen tested according to6.1 equals or exceeds 10 %, the specimen shall be retestedaccording to 6.2 as an open asphalt mixture.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The precision of this test method depends on
23、theprecision of test methods for bulk specific gravity and theo-retical maximum specific gravity. It is computed by a proce-dure described in Practice D4460. Since the computation forpercent air voids in 7.1 involves the quotient of bulk specificgravity divided by the theoretical maximum specific gr
24、avity,the quotient formula is used:x/y5y2x21x2y2y4(2)where:x/y= standard deviation for determining precision limits oftest results based on the quotient of test results fromTest Method D1188, D2726,orD6752, and TestMethod D2041 or D6857,x = mean (average) of x standard test results (bulk specificgra
25、vity, Test Method D1188, D2726,orD6752),y = mean (average) of y standard test results (theoreticalmaximum specific gravity, Test Method D2041 orD6857),x= standard deviation from the precision statement of xstandard test results (bulk specific gravity, TestMethod D1188, D2726,orD6752), andy= standard
26、 deviation from precision statement of ystandard test results (maximum theoretical specificgravity, Test Method D2041 or D6857).8.2 Criteria for judging the acceptability of percent air voidstest results would be presented in the form:StandardDeviationAcceptable Range ofTwo ResultsOperator Precision
27、 x/y2.8 x/yAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. EXAMPLE CALCULATION OF PRECISIONX1.1 Assume the following precision data:Bulk specific gravity, xAverage Standard Deviation2.423 0.007Theoretical maximum specific gravity, yAverage Standard Deviation2.523 0.004Then using the equation in 8.1:x/y52.523!
28、20.007!212.423!20.004!22.523!4(X1.1)50.00316This value is in terms of air voids; therefore it should bemultiplied by 100 to convert it into a percentage. Therefore:x/y5 0.00316100! 5 0.32% (X1.2)D3203/D3203M 172ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
29、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
30、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
31、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
32、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 173
