1、Designation: D3218 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forPolyolefin Monofilaments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3218; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers polyolefin monofilament yarnmaterials, and test methods for standard polyolefin monofila-ments. While designed pri
3、marily for testing standard polyolefinmonofilaments, many of the procedures can be used, with littleor no modification, for other polyolefin monofilaments. How-ever, testing on non-standard polyolefin monofilaments shouldbe conducted with caution. See 3.1 for a definition of standardpolyolefin monof
4、ilament.1.2 Only on condition that interlaboratory precision data areavailable for the specific procedure is any test method de-scribed, or referenced in this specification, recommended foracceptance testing of commercial shipments of polyolefinmonofilaments.1.3 The specification for polyolefin raw
5、materials appears inSection 4.1.4 The test methods for individual properties appear in thefollowing sections:Property SectionBreaking Force 10Breaking Tenacity 10Elongation 10Gloss 13Hot Water Shrinkage 14Initial Modulus 10Polyolefin-Material Cleanliness 17Resistance to Ultraviolet Radiation 15Stabi
6、lity to Thermal Oxidation 16Tensile Properties 10Thickness 12Width 11Yarn Number 9NOTE 1In most instances, the suitability of these procedures forpolymeric yarns in general, and polyolefin monofilaments in particular, isalready accepted in commercial transactions (see 6.1).1.5 The values stated in S
7、I units are to be regarded asstandard; the values in English units are provided as informa-tion only and are not exact equivalents.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods described in this specification: This standard mayinvolve hazardous materials, operations, and e
8、quipment. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Reference
9、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD1907 Test Method for Linear Densi
10、ty of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD1921 Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) ofPlastic MaterialsD2146 Specification for Propylene Plastic Molding andExtrusion Materials3D2256 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn fo
11、r TestingD2259 Test Method for Shrinkage of YarnsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extru-sion MaterialsD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl F
12、ischerTitrationG26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on
13、 Yarns andFibers.Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3218 07. DOI:10.1520/D3218-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
14、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
15、n, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Other Documents:Federal Test Method Standard No. 141a, Sept. 1, 1965,Section 6000, Method 6101 “60-Degree Specular Gloss”4Technical Report 24 “A Rapid Method for the Determi-nation of Moisture in Pigmented Polyethylene CoatingMaterials,” Eastman Chemical Products
16、Inc.53. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:breaking force, draw ratio, drawing, elongation at break, gloss,heat shrinkage, initial modulus, monofilament, polyolefin,resistance to u
17、ltraviolet radiation, polyolefin-material cleanli-ness, stability to thermal oxidation, standard polyolefin mono-filament, tape yarn.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Polyolefin-Monofilament Raw Materials4.1 Polyolefin Monofilaments shall be made from eit
18、herpolypropylene as specified in 4.2, or polyethylene as specifiedin 4.3.4.2 Polypropylene shall meet the requirements for Group 1or 2, as detailed in Specification D4101.4.3 Polyethylene shall have a density higher than 940 kg/m3and shall meet the requirements for polyethylene plastics, asdetailed
19、in Specification D1248.4.4 Flow Rate of the polyolefin materials shall be agreedupon by the purchaser and the supplier, and shall be determinedas directed in either Specification D1248 or D2146, whicheveris applicable.4.5 Particle SizeShipments of polyolefin raw materialsmay be rated for particle si
20、ze. When specified, particle sizeshall be determined by the multi-sieve analysis described inMethod A of Test Methods D1921.4.6 Polyolefin-Material CleanlinessAlthough resin clean-liness is not a structural or chemical characteristic, shipmentsmay be advisable to rate shipments for the amount of for
21、eignmatter in, or on, delivered polyolefin raw materials.4.6.1 When specified, polyolefin-material cleanliness shallbe determined by the procedure described in Section 17 of thisspecification.4.7 Moisture ContentSome monofilament-extrusion pro-cesses may be sensitive to slight amounts of moisture, i
22、nher-ently or otherwise present in the polyolefin raw material. Insuch cases, shipments may be rated for moisture content.4.7.1 Superficial Moisture Content of polyolefin materials,when specified, shall be determined in accordance with theProcedure for Insoluble Solids in Test Method E203.4.7.2 Tota
23、l Moisture Content, when specified, shall bedetermined in accordance with a method to be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. The technique illus-trated in Eastman Technical Report 24,6based on gas chroma-tography of vaporized moisture, is an acceptable analyticalapproach.TEST METHODS5
24、. Summary5.1 Summaries of the various testing procedures are in-cluded in the referenced test methods, or in pertinent sectionsof this specification.6. Significance and Use6.1 Acceptance TestingThe test methods in SpecificationD3218 for the determination of the properties of polyolefinmonofilaments
25、are considered satisfactory for acceptance test-ing of commercial shipments of polyolefin monofilaments,unless specified in the individual test method. These testmethods are the best available and are used extensively in thetrade.6.1.1 If there are differences or practical significance be-tween repo
26、rted test results for two laboratories (or more)comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous aspossible, drawn from the material from which the disparate testr
27、esults were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory for testing. The test results from the twolaboratories should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If a bias is found either its cause must be fo
28、und andcorrected or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.7. Sampling and Number of Specimens7.1 Take samples as directed in the applicable materialspecification, or as agreed upon by the purchaser and thesupplier. In the absence of an applicable ma
29、terial specification,or other agreement, take a lot sample and laboratory samples asdirected in Practice D2258.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account variability betweenshipping units, between packages, or ends within a s
30、hipping unit, andbetween specimens from a single package so as to provide a sampling planwith a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable qualitylevel, and limiting quality level.7.2 The required number of specimens is covered in thereferenced methods, or in the pertinent sections.8. Con
31、ditioning8.1 Expose the specimens in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as defined in Practice D1776; except that it isnot essential to control humidity.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Avail
32、able from Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., Subsidiary of EastmanKodak Co., P. O. Box 431, Kingsport, TN 37662.6The Gardner Automatic Photometer Unit, Model AUX-3, available fromGardner Laboratory, Inc., P. O. Box 5728 (5221 Landy Lane), Bethesda, MD 20014,or its equivalent, has been found satisfacto
33、ry for this method.D3218 07 (2012)29. Yarn Number9.1 ProcedureDetermine the direct yarn number in tex ordenier to three significant figures as directed in Option 1 of TestMethod D1907.9.2 Report:9.2.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 9 of Specification D3218. Describe the m
34、aterial orproduct sampled and the method of sampling used.9.2.2 Report the direct yarn number in tex, or in denier.10. Tensile Properties10.1 ApparatusTensile testing machine of a type as speci-fied in Test Method D2256. All types of tensile machinesdescribed in Test Method D2256 are adequate to tes
35、t polyolefinmonofilaments with a draw ratio between 5:1 and 7:1. Poly-olefin monofilaments with draw ratios outside this range cannotbe tested with assurance of correct results, by all tensilemachines specified in Test Method D2256.10.2 ProcedureDetermine the breaking force, the break-ing tenacity,
36、and the elongation of adequately conditionedpolyolefin monofilaments, using configuration A, condition 1of Test Method D2256.10.3 Report:10.3.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 10 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling use
37、d.10.3.2 Report the following information for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot:10.3.2.1 Breaking force,10.3.2.2 Breaking tenacity,10.3.2.3 Elongation at break, as a percentage of the nominalgage length, and10.3.2.4 Initial modulus.11. Width11.1 ScopeThis test method covers the measuremen
38、t ofthe width of polyolefin monofilaments, by means of a cali-brated microscope.11.2 Summary of Test MethodAspecimen is placed on themicroscope stage and is viewed under a magnification of 253.The width of the specimen is measured using a reticle scaledeyepiece or filar micrometer eyepiece.11.3 Appa
39、ratus:11.3.1 Microscope designed for a magnification of 253.With an eyepiece having a calibrated linear grid.11.4 Calibration of ApparatusAdjust the microscope, tosecure the design magnification of 253, and measure the totaleyepiece scale using a stage micrometer, graduated in microm-eters or mils.
40、Calculate the conversion factor, F, to convert theeyepiece units to mils, using Eq 1:F 5 M/N (1)where:M = stage micrometer readings, in micrometers (mils), andN = corresponding number of units in the eyepiece grid.11.5 Procedure:11.5.1 Adjust the microscope to the design magnification of253.11.5.2 P
41、lace a specimen of the monofilament on the micro-scope stage, and set the scale of the eyepiece perpendicular tothe long axis of the monofilament specimen.11.5.3 Measure the width of the specimen monofilament, tothe nearest eyepiece division. Repeat the width measurementthree times, on different seg
42、ments of the same specimen.Record the three width measurements.11.5.4 Test four monofilament specimens.11.6 Calculation:11.6.1 Calculate the average width of the four specimens, inmicrometers or mils, to three significant digits, using Eq 2:X5 (X!F / 12 (2)where:X= average width of the four monofila
43、ments,(X = sum of the twelve observed individual measure-ments, in eyepiece units, andF = conversion factor, as derived in 11.4.11.7 Report:11.7.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 11 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the method of sampling
44、used.11.7.2 Report the average width of the four specimens, inmicrometers or mils.11.8 Precision and Bias:11.8.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method has notbeen established.11.8.2 BiasThe procedure in Specification D3218 fortesting width has no known bias and is generally used as areference m
45、ethod.12. Thickness12.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe thickness of flat polyolefin monofilaments, by a microm-eter.12.2 Procedure:12.2.1 Determine the thickness of the monofilaments, asdirected in Method C of Test Methods D374. If it is necessaryto test very narrow monofilamen
46、ts, or round filaments, lay outseveral parallel specimens on the anvil.12.2.2 Measure the thickness of the specimen to the nearest2.5 m (0.1 mil). Repeat the thickness measurement threetimes on different segments of the same specimen. Record thethree thickness measurements.12.2.3 Make four tests for
47、 a total of 16 observations.12.3 Calculation:12.3.1 Calculate the average thickness of the four speci-mens, in m (mils), to two significant figures.12.4 Report:12.4.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inSection 12 of Specification D3218. Describe the material orproduct sampled and the
48、 method of sampling used.12.4.2 Report the average thickness of the four specimens.12.5 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of theprocedures in Specification D3218 for testing thickness are asspecified in Test Methods D374.D3218 07 (2012)313. Gloss13.1 Summary of Test Method:13.1.1 Gloss is mea
49、sured on both sides of a specimenformed by winding three layers of the polyolefin monofila-ments, in a standard pattern, on a yarn board. This procedure isespecially designed for pigmented polyolefin monofilaments.13.1.2 Basically, the method is derived from Federal TestMethod Standard No. 141a, Method 6101.13.2 Significance and Use:13.2.1 The degree of gloss is important in many applica-tions of polyolefin monofilament. This test method is used toprovide a measure of this characteristic, from gloss readings onpanels of polyolefin monofilaments wound on a y
