1、Designation: D3276 151Standard Guide forPainting Inspectors (Metal Substrates)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made in Section 2 and 5.3.5.1 in November 2016.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended as an information aid to paintinginspectors in ca
3、rrying out their task efficiently. It includes thekey elements of surface preparation, coatings application, andfinal approval for both field and shop work. The items shouldbe selected that are pertinent to the specification of a particularjob.NOTE 1For additional helpful information, refer to the f
4、ollowingdocuments:Manual of Coating Work for Light-Water Nuclear Power Plant PrimaryContainment and Other Safety-Related Facilities2New Concepts for Coating Protection of Steel Structures3D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applica-tions4D4538 Terminology Relating to Protecti
5、ve Coatings and Lining Workfor Power Generation Facilities4Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 1 Good Painting Practice6Steel Structures Painting Manual Vol 2 Systems and Specifications6Manufacturers Specifications and Instructions (made available to theinspector for reference to special requiremen
6、ts for proper application)Safety Data Sheets (needed to ensure that personnel take necessaryprecautions in handling hazardous materials). Available from Materialsmanufacturer.1.2 Certain industries or owners may require certified in-spection personnel. See Guide D4537 for establishing proce-dures to
7、 certify inspectors for coatings work in nuclearfacilities.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is ther
8、esponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This guide is arranged in the following order:SectionReferenced Documents 2ASTM Standards 2.1OSHA Standards 2.2Steel Structures
9、 Painting Council Publications 2.3International Standards Organization (ISO) 2.4ASTM Adjuncts 2.6Significance and Use 3Preparation for Inspection 4Surface Preparation Methods and Requirements 5Surface Preparation 5.1Pictorial Standard D2200 5.1.1Factors Affecting Coating Performance 5.2Cleanliness 5
10、.2.1Mill Scale 5.2.2Surface Profile 5.2.3Sharp Edges 5.2.4Cleaning Procedures 5.3Chemical Cleaning 5.3.1Solvent Vapor Cleaning 5.3.1.1Hand Tool Cleaning 5.3.2Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.3Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal 5.3.4Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaning 5.3.4.4Blast Cleaning 5.3.5Pressurized Wa
11、ter Cleaning 5.3.6Cleaning and Preparation of Various Surfaces 5.4Steel Surfaces 5.4.1Galvanized Surfaces 5.4.2Aluminum Surfaces 5.4.3Precautions in Preparing Unpainted and PreviouslyPainted Surfaces 5.4.4Inspection of Surfaces Prior to Field Painting 5.5New Construction 5.5.1Maintenance Repainting
12、5.5.2Coating Storage and Handling 6Storage of Coating and Thinner 6.1Mixing of Coatings 6.2Thinning 6.3Initial Samples 6.3.1Thinning of Coating 6.3.2Sampling of Thinned Coating 6.3.3Heating of Coating 6.4Weather Considerations 7Drying 7.1Low Temperature 7.2High Temperature 7.3Moisture 7.41This guide
13、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.46 on Industrial Protective Coatings.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previo
14、us edition approved in 2007 as D3276 07. DOI:10.1520/D3276-15E01.2ASTM, 1979.3ASTM STP 841, ASTM, 1984.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、 Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.6Available from Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC), 40 24th St., 6th Floor,Pittsburgh, PA 15222, http:/www.sspc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Wind 7.5Coating Applicat
16、ion 8Residual Contaminants 8.1Quality Assurance 8.2Film Defects 8.2.1Brush Application 8.3Spray Application 8.4Roller Application 8.5Miscellaneous Methods 8.6Rate of Application 8.7Additional Considerations 9Ventilation 9.1Shopcoat Repair 9.2Painting Schedule 9.3Film Integrity 9.4Recoat Time 9.5Coat
17、ing System Failure 9.6Inspection Equipment 10General 10.1Surface Profile Gages 10.1.1Adhesion of Existing Coating 10.1.2Portable Pull-Off Adhesion Testers 10.1.3Field Inspection Equipment 10.2Drying and Curing Times 10.2.1Thermometers 10.2.1.1Relative Humidity and Dew Point 10.2.1.2Wet-Film Thicknes
18、s Gages 10.2.2Interchemical Gage 10.2.2.1Notched Gage 10.2.2.2Dry-Film Thickness Gages 10.2.3Nondestructive Film Thickness Gages 10.2.3.1Magnetic-Type Gages 10.2.3.2Current-Type Gages 10.2.3.3Destructive Thickness Gage 10.2.3.4Holiday Detectors 10.2.4Comparison of Surface PreparationSpecifications T
19、able 1Comparison of Water Jetting Standards Table 2Inspection Checklist Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsD1212 Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thick-ness of Organic CoatingsD1730 Practices for Prepar
20、ation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2200 Practice for Use of Pictorial Surface PreparationStandards and Guides for Painting Steel SurfacesD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4138 Practices for Measurement of D
21、ry Film Thickness ofProtective Coating Systems by Destructive, Cross-Sectioning MeansD4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type ViscosityCupsD4285 Test Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed AirD4414 Practice for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness byNotch GagesD4417 Test Methods for Field
22、 Measurement of SurfaceProfile of Blast Cleaned SteelD4537 Guide for Establishing Procedures to Qualify andCertify Personnel Performing Coating and Lining WorkInspection in Nuclear FacilitiesD4538 Terminology Relating to Protective Coating andLining Work for Power Generation FacilitiesD4541 Test Met
23、hod for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings UsingPortable Adhesion TestersD4752 Practice for Measuring MEK Resistance of EthylSilicate (Inorganic) Zinc-Rich Primers by Solvent RubD4940 Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of WaterSoluble Ionic Contamination of Blast Cleaning AbrasivesD5064 Practice for
24、 Conducting a Patch Test to AssessCoating CompatibilityD5162 Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Non-conductive Protective Coating on Metallic SubstratesD5402 Practice for Assessing the Solvent Resistance ofOrganic Coatings Using Solvent RubsD6386 Practice for Preparation of Zinc (Hot-Di
25、p Galva-nized) Coated Iron and Steel Product and HardwareSurfaces for PaintingD6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by KnifeD6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Grada-tion) of Soils Using Sieve AnalysisD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagneti
26、c Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsD7127 Test Method for Measurement of Surface Roughnessof Abrasive Blast Cleaned Metal Surfaces Using a Por-table Stylus InstrumentD7393 Practice for Indicating Oil in AbrasivesE337 Test Method f
27、or Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)Standard:29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard Communication52.3 SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings (SSPC)Standards:6SSPC-AB 1 Mineral and Slag AbrasivesSSPC-
28、AB 2 Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abra-sivesSSPC-AB 3 Newly Manufactured or Re-Manufactured SteelAbrasivesSSPC-AB 4 Recyclable Encapsulated Abrasive MediaSSPC-SP 1 Solvent CleaningSSPC-SP 2 Hand Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 3 Power Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 White Metal Blast CleaningSSPC
29、-SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 8 PicklingSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare MetalSSPC-SP 14/NACE No. 8 Industrial Blast CleaningSSPC-SP 15 Commercial Grade Power Tool CleaningSSPC-SP 16
30、 Brush-Off Blast Cleaning of Non-Ferrous Met-alsSSPC-SP WJ-1/NACE WJ-1 Clean to Bare Substrate5Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.D3276 1512SSPC-SP WJ-2/NACE WJ-2 Very Thorough Clean
31、ingSSPC-SP WJ-3/NACE WJ-3 Thorough CleaningSSPC-SP WJ-4/NACE WJ-4 Light CleaningSSPC-PA 1 Shop, Field and Maintenance Painting of SteelSSPC-PA 2 Procedure for Determining Conformance to DryCoating Thickness RequirementsSSPC-PA Guide 11 Protecting Edges, Crevices, and Irregu-lar Steel Surfaces by Str
32、ipe CoatingSSPC-PA 17 Procedure for Determining Conformance toSteel Profile/Surface Roughness/Peak Count Require-mentsSSPC-VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for SteelSurfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive BlastingSSPC-VIS 5/NACE VIS 9 Guide and Reference Photo-graphs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by We
33、t AbrasiveBlastingSSPC-VIS 3 Guide and Reference Photographs for SteelSurfaces Prepared by Hand and Power Tool CleaningSSPC-VIS 4/NACE No. 7 Visual Standard for Steel Cleanedby Water JettingSSPC Paint 27 Basic Zinc Chromate-Vinyl Butyral WashPrimerSSPC Guide 6 Guide for Containing Debris GeneratedDu
34、ring Paint Removal OperationsSSPC Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead ContaminatedSurface Preparation DebrisSSPC Guide 15 Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis ofSoluble Salts on Steel and Other Nonporous Surfaces2.4 International Standards Organization (ISO):7ISO 8501-4 Preparation Grades and
35、 Flash Rust Grades inConnection with High-Pressure Water JettingISO 85023 Preparation of Steel Substrates before Applica-tion of Paints and Related Products Tests for theassessment of surface cleanliness2.5 NACE International (NACE):8SP01782007 (formerly NACE RP0178) Design,Fabrication, and Surface
36、Finish Practices for Tanks andVessels to be Lined for Immersion Service2.6 ASTM Adjuncts:Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting SteelSurfaces93. Significance and Use3.1 This guide is intended as a reference for those concernedwith the inspection of industrial coating work. The require-
37、ments for inspection should be addressed in all protectivecoating and lining work specifications. This guide may be usedby specification writers when selecting and establishing theinspection requirements for coating and lining specifications.Achecklist for use by inspectors in the field is included
38、inAppendix X1.4. Preparation for Inspection4.1 The guide describes the duties of the inspector anddiscusses inspection methods, both visual and instrumental,that can be used to determine that the specification require-ments have been met by the painting contractor.4.2 Before painting is started the
39、project engineer shouldprovide the inspector with information from the official plansand specifications as to coating type, thinner to be used, mixingratios to be used, specified application thickness, primer, tiecoat, topcoat, time between coats, surface preparation, methodof application, and any s
40、pecial precautions to be followed suchas limits on ambient conditions. These details should berecorded in an inspectors record book to eliminate anymisunderstanding between the inspector and the contractor.4.3 The inspector should obtain copies of the Safety DataSheets (SDS) for all products that wi
41、ll be used on the project,review any hazard communications program in accordancewith 29 CFR 1926.59 that will apply to the project, and reviewother safety information related to the work that will beperformed by the contractor. The inspector should examinethese materials and be supplied with appropr
42、iate protectiveequipment and devices.4.4 The Product Data Sheets (PDS) for the coating productsto be used, including thinners where applicable, shall beprovided with the procured product. Note that the coatingspecification may allow only specific pre-qualified coatings tobe used.5. Surface Preparati
43、on Methods and Requirements5.1 Surface Preparation is one of the most important factorsaffecting the performance of coatings. The specifier determinesthe proper level in accordance with the expected service lifeand type of coating specified.5.1.1 Pictorial Standard D2200 (SSPC-VIS 1) should beprovid
44、ed to the inspector on a job involving blast cleaning ofstructural steel. The standard is used by the inspector to assistin determining whether the degree of surface preparationspecified in a contract has been attained by the contractor. Forlarge jobs it is recommended that before work starts, an ac
45、tualsteel sample of adequate size be blasted to the satisfaction ofthe project engineer. This blasted surface should be protectedby a clear acrylic coating or encased in plastic and used forreference purposes as the work progresses.5.2 Factors Affecting Coating PerformanceThere are anumber of factor
46、s that should be considered to ensure a properpainting job.5.2.1 CleanlinessMany materials, if not removed from thesurface, will affect the life of the coating. These include oil,grease, soil, weld spatter, and slag, that make it impossible toobtain proper adhesion to the metal surface. Surface solu
47、blesalts shall be removed to the degree specified or long termcoating performance may be adversely affected. SSPC/NACEissues detailed surface preparation specifications that covervarious methods for cleaning.5.2.2 Mill Scale, The bluish-black oxide resulting from thehot-rolling process, is a constan
48、t source of trouble leading tocoating failure. This scale is very brittle and can crack or7Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.8Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park Ten
49、Pl., Houston, TX77084, http:/www.nace.org.9The pictorial surface preparation standard MethodA(ISO/Swedish Standard) isavailable fromASTM International Headquarters. RequestAdjunct No. ADJD2200.D3276 1513loosen due to temperature changes (both in fabricating andweathering in the field) leading to failure of the coating.5.2.3 Surface ProfileThe texture of the metal surface hasa significant effect on the performance of coatings, since itincreases the surface area to which the coating can developadhesion. In fact, the term “anchor pattern” is sometimes usedto describ
