1、Designation: D 3288 03An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forMagnet-Wire Enamels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3288; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover testing liquid enamel coatingsused to produce film-insulated magnet wire.1.2 The values stated in either lb
3、s/gal or SI units are to beregarded separately as standard.1.3 The test methods appear as follows:SectionsDensity 5-9Determined Solids 15-21Effective Solids 30-36Flash Point 10-14Infrared Analysis 41-46Stack Loss 22-29Viscosity 37-401.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 29 Test Methods for Sampling and Testi
5、ng Lac Resins2D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester3,4D 476 Specification for Titanium Dioxide Pigments2D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer Method3D 1475 Test Method for Density
6、of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related Products5D 1638 Methods of Testing Urethane Foam Isocyanate RawMaterials6D 5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for Evaluation of Electrical Insulation7E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy8E 168 Practices for General Techniqu
7、es of Infrared Quanti-tative Analysis8E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method93. Significance and Use3.1 These tests are useful for specification and controlpurposes during the manufacture, purchase, and use of themagnet-wire enamels, and for
8、 determining uniformity ofbatches.4. Sampling4.1 Take a representative sample of liquid enamel and storefor future testing. Store the sample at room temperature in atightly sealed, nearly full container, unless otherwise specified.Use a container that is inert and impermeable to the wireenamel. Thes
9、e precautions avoid either the escape of solvent orreaction with the container and atmosphere. Glass and somemetals are suitable materials. Copper, iron, and aluminum areunsatisfactory. After removing test specimens, use care torestore these storage conditions.DENSITY5. Scope5.1 This test method cov
10、ers the determination of the densityof magnet-wire enamel in terms of specific gravity or weightper gallon.6. Significance and Use6.1 Density is useful for specification and control purposesduring the manufacture and use of magnet-wire enamel.6.2 The preferred method is Procedure A, hydrometermethod
11、.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.10 on Magnet Wire Insulation.Current edition approved Apr. 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1973. Last previ
12、ous edition approved in 1997 as D 3288-97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.6Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.7Annual Book of ASTM Stan
13、dards, Vol 10.02.8Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.9Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Procedure AHydrometer Method7.1 Determine the specific gravity of the magnet-wire
14、enamel in accordance with Test Method D 1298 at 25.060.1C.7.2 If weight per gallon is required, multiply the specificgravity by the weight per gallon of distilled water at the sametemperature (8.31 lb/gal at 25.0C).8. Procedure BWeight per Gallon Method8.1 Determine the weight per gallon of the magn
15、et-wireenamel in accordance with Test Method D 1475 at 25.060.1C.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Identification of the magnet-wire enamel, and9.1.2 When using Procedure A, report the specific gravity tothe third decimal place, or9.1.3 When using Procedure B, report the weight per
16、 gallon.FLASH POINT10. Scope10.1 This test method covers the determination of the flashpoint of magnet-wire enamel.11. Terminology11.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:11.1.1 flash point, of magnet-wire enamel, n the lowesttemperature at which magnet-wire enamel gives off flammablevapo
17、r in sufficient quantity to ignite in air on application of aflame under specified conditions.12. Significance and Use12.1 The flash point reveals the upper temperature limit atwhich a magnet-wire enamel may be stored or used withoutpresenting a fire hazard.13. Procedure13.1 Determine the flash poin
18、t in accordance with TestMethod D 56.14. Report14.1 Report the following information:14.1.1 Identification of magnet-wire enamel, and14.1.2 Flash point, degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit, prefer-ably in degrees Fahrenheit.DETERMINED SOLIDS15. Scope15.1 This test method covers the determination of a part
19、icu-lar measured value for the solids content in a magnet-wireenamel.16. Terminology16.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:16.1.1 determined solids, of magnet-wire enamel, ntheportion of a magnet-wire enamel which is not volatilized whenexposed to specified conditions.17. Significance a
20、nd Use17.1 Determined solids is one of the critical factors in amagnet-wire enamel that affects film build on a conductor.17.2 The determined solids is also useful for control pur-poses during the manufacture and use of magnet-wire enameland in determining uniformity of batches.17.3 The Effective So
21、lids Procedure (see 34.1 and 35.1)requires the Determined Solids value as an input.18. Apparatus18.1 Forced-Convection Oven, capable of maintaining 2006 2C at the specified specimen location. Refer to Specifica-tion D 5423 for a representative oven.18.2 Weighing Dishes, aluminum, approximately 2 in.
22、 (51mm) in diameter, and58 in. (16 mm) height.18.3 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 60.1 mg.19. Procedure19.1 Preheat dishes to remove oil. Five minutes at 200C isadequate.19.2 Test not less than two specimens.19.3 Place a 2.0 g specimen (60.1 mg) into a taredaluminum dish and weigh immedi
23、ately.19.4 The weighed specimen must thoroughly cover theentire bottom surface of the weighing dish. Accomplish this bywarming the more viscous materials.19.5 Place the dish and its contents in a 200 6 2Cforced-convection oven for a predetermined period of time.19.6 Remove the dish from the oven and
24、 cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.19.7 Weigh the dish and its contents (60.1 mg).20. Report20.1 Report the following information:20.1.1 Ratio of the weight of residue to that of the specimen,expressed as a percentage, as the determined solids content, S,calculated as follows:S 5Weight of resi
25、due/weight of specimen!3100 (1)20.1.2 Number of tests and individual values,20.1.3 Average determined solids of all tests made, and20.1.4 Identification of the magnet-wire enamel.21. Precision and Bias21.1 Precision:21.1.1 The results of all measurements on the sample shouldagree within 60.5 %.21.2
26、Bias:21.2.1 Statements of bias are not applicable in view of theunavailability of a standard reference material for this property.STACK LOSS22. Scope22.1 This test method covers the determination of the stackloss of magnet-wire enamel applied to AWG No. 18 (1.02-mm)electrical conductor using an inor
27、ganic material as a reference.D3288032NOTE 1With other sizes of electrical conductor, expect a variation instack loss. This is particularly true with smaller diameter wire. Expectdifficulty in removing the coating from fine wire.23. Terminology23.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:23.1
28、.1 stack loss, of magnet-wire enamel, n that portionof the magnet-wire enamel solids which are lost during theconductor-coating process.24. Significance and Use24.1 The stack loss of magnet-wire enamel will affect theincrease in dimensions, the amount of enamel used, the weightincrease, and the econ
29、omics of applying the enamel to theconductor.24.2 The Effective Solids procedure (see 33.1.1 and 34.1),requires the Stack Loss as an input but Stack Loss is in itselfnot an absolute value.25. Apparatus and Reagent25.1 Laboratory Magnet-Wire-Coating Equipment, thatwill duplicate production applicatio
30、n conditions and a supplyof bare conductor to be used for the test.25.2 Laboratory Mixer or Drill Press.25.3 Muffle Furnace, capable of maintaining 600C.25.4 Oven, forced-convection, capable of maintaining 1106 5C (refer to Specification D 5423).25.5 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to the ne
31、arest0.1 mg.25.6 Balance, capable of weighing 2 kg (61g)25.7 Weighing Bottles, tall-form cylindrical, glass.25.8 Crucibles, high-form, high-temperature.25.9 Container, at least 2 L in capacity.25.10 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2),10meeting the specifica-tions outlined in Specification D 476, Type III.26. P
32、rocedure26.1 Determine the optimum conditions for applying themagnet-wire enamel using laboratory coating equipment.26.2 Condition the crucible in a muffle furnace maintainedat 600 6 20C to a constant weight (Note 2), and immediatelyplace it in a desiccator for storage.NOTE 2In practice, crucibles w
33、ill come to constant weight at 600C,if held in the muffle furnace for 14 to 16 h (overnight).26.3 Measure the determined solids of the magnet-wireenamel in accordance with Sections 15-21, and the ash contentof the solids in accordance with Test Methods D 29.26.4 Weigh into the container 1000 6 1 g o
34、f the magnet-wire enamel.26.5 Weigh into the container an amount of TiO2equal tothe weight (61.0 g) of the solids in the 1000-g specimen of themagnet-wire enamel.26.6 Mix the contents in the container until the TiO2iscompletely dispersed in the wire enamel.26.7 Apply this enamel in accordance with 2
35、6.1, using thesame conditions and obtaining the same increase in build.Within2hofapplying the enamel to the conductor, completelystir the enamel to ensure dispersion.26.8 Remove this coating from the wire by snapping andtwisting the wire or by other suitable means. Place the removedcoating in a weig
36、hing bottle. For the coatings that are difficultto remove, try chilling the wire before snapping. In all cases,take care to prevent including any of the metal conductor.26.9 To remove moisture, place the weighing bottle contain-ing the coating in a 110C forced-convention oven for 60 6 2min.26.10 Rem
37、ove the weighing bottle and contents from theoven and allow it to cool to room temperature in a desiccator.26.11 Weigh two conditioned crucibles and weigh into each0.5 to 0.6 g of the dried coating from the weighing bottle. Makeall weighings to the nearest 0.1 mg.26.12 Weigh two conditioned crucible
38、s and weigh into each0.5 to 0.6 g of TiO2.26.13 Place all four crucibles in the cold muffle furnace.Start the furnace, allowing the temperature to come to 600C in1to2h.26.14 Leave the crucibles in the muffle furnace at 600620C until they reach a constant weight (Note 2). Remove thecrucibles and allo
39、w them to cool in a desiccator to roomtemperature.26.15 Weigh the crucibles.27. Calculation27.1 Calculate the percent stack loss, L, of the magnet-wireenamel as follows:Let F 5 EA/AB 1 CD (2)Let R 5 100G 2 F/FThen L 5 100 2 Rwhere:A =TiO2mixed with the wire enamel, g,B = percent of TiO2ash, expresse
40、d as a decimal,C = solids in the wire-enamel specimen, g,D = percent ash of the wire-enamel solids, expressed as adecimal,E = weight of ash in the coating specimen, gF = corrected ash weight, g,G = original weight of coating specimen before ashing, g,andR = retention of coating.28. Report28.1 Report
41、 the following information:28.1.1 Identification of magnet-wire enamel,28.1.2 Determined solids content of the magnet-wireenamel,28.1.3 Percent ash content of the magnet-wire enamelsolids.28.1.4 Average percent retention of coating to two decimalplaces, and28.1.5 Average percent stack loss to two de
42、cimal places.10Titanox RA-50 or Titanox 2032, available from the Titanium Pigment Corp.,111 Broadway, New York, NY 10006, has been found satisfactory for this method.D328803329. Precision and Bias29.1 This test method has been in use for many years, but nostatement of precision has been made and no
43、activity is plannedto develop such a statement.EFFECTIVE SOLIDS30. Scope30.1 This test method covers the determination of thepercentage of liquid enamel that will be retained on the metalconductor in the finished product.31. Terminology31.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:31.1.1 effec
44、tive solids, of magnet-wire enamel, nthe per-centage of the liquid enamel retained after the removal of thesolvents and the additional oven bakes that simulate the stackloss that occurs during the enameling manufacturing processfor magnet wire.31.1.2 evaporative solids, of magnet wire enamels, nthep
45、ercentage of liquid enamel that will be retained after removalof the solvents according to step 34.1of this test procedure.31.1.3 simulated stack loss, nthe percentage change inevaporative solids after additional lab oven heat exposures asdescribed in step 34.2 of this procedure.32. Significance and
46、 Use32.1 In determining the cost of a magnet-wire enamel, onlythat portion of the enamel that is retained on the conductor isof value.33. Procedure33.1 Evaporative Solids:33.1.1 Test not less than two specimens.33.1.2 Preheat the aluminum weighing pans to remove oil.Five min at 200 6 2C is adequate.
47、33.1.3 Remove the pans from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.33.1.4 Measure the tare weight (p) of the dried aluminumpan to an accuracy of 6 0.1 mg.33.1.5 Add 1 6 0.1 grams of liquid magnet wire enamelinto each tared aluminum weighing pan and measure to anaccuracy of 6 0.1 mg (to
48、tal of pan and contents = I).33.1.6 Distribute the material evenly over the bottom of thepan.33.1.7 Place the pan and its contents into a forced airconvection laboratory oven for the time and temperaturespecified in Table 1.33.1.8 Remove the pan from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desicca
49、tor.33.1.9 Weigh the pan and its dried contents (6 0.1 mg).33.1.10 Record these result as W1.33.2 Simulated Stack Loss:33.2.1 Place the pans from 33.1.9 into the additional forcedair convection laboratory ovens for the times and temperaturesspecified in Table 2.NOTE 3When running simulated stack loss, pans do not have to godirectly from one oven to the other. Do not leave the pans in the oven ifyou are changing temperatures.33.2.2 Remove the pans from the oven and cool to roomtemperature in a desiccator.33.2.3 Weigh the pan and their dried contents (6 0.1 m
