1、Designation: D 3299 08An American National StandardStandard Specification forFilament-Wound Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset ResinCorrosion-Resistant Tanks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3299; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. S
3、cope*1.1 This specification covers cylindrical tanks fabricated byfilament winding for above-ground vertical installation, tocontain aggressive chemicals at atmospheric pressure as clas-sified herein, and made of a commercial-grade polyester orvinylester resin. Included are requirements for material
4、s, prop-erties, design, construction, dimensions, tolerances, workman-ship, and appearance.1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vesselsintended for pressure above atmospheric, vacuum conditions,except as classified herein, or vessels intended for use withliquids heated above their fla
5、sh points.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.NOTE 1Special design consideration should be given to vesselssubject to sup
6、erimposed mechanical forces, such as earthquakes, windload, or agitation, and to vessels subject to service temperature in excessof 180F (82C), and to vessels with unsupported bottoms.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetes
7、t method portion, Section 11, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regula
8、tory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance ofThermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-ReinforcedStructures Intended for Liquid ServiceC 582 Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced Ther-mosetting Plastic (RTP) Lamin
9、ates for Corrosion-ResistantEquipmentD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydrau-lic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD 2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fabric forPolyester-Glas
10、s LaminatesD 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of RigidPlastics by Means of a Barcol ImpressorD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD 2996 Specification for Filament-Wound “Fiberglass(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD 2997 Specification for Centrifugal
11、ly Cast “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) PipeD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4024 Specification for Machine Made “Fiberglass(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) FlangesD 5421 Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass”(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Therm
12、osetting Resin) FlangesF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:B 16.1 Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class25, 125, 250, and 80033. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nologies D 883 and F 412, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 fila
13、ment-woundas applied to tanks, a process in whichthe principal circumferential load-bearing reinforcement isapplied by continuous filament winding.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.23 on ReinforcedPlast
14、ic Piping Systems and Chemical Equipment.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3299 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
15、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the en
16、d of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.3 contact moldinga molding process that includes“hand lay-up,” “spray-up,” or a combination of these manu-facturing processes.4. Classification4.1 Tanks meeting this
17、 specification are classified accordingto type as follows, and it is the responsibility of the purchaserto specify the requirement for Type II tanks, the operatingpressure or vacuum levels, and the safety factor required forexternal pressure. Absence of a designation of type requiredshall imply that
18、 Type I is adequate.4.1.1 Type IAtmospheric pressure tanks vented directly tothe atmosphere, designed for pressure no greater or lower thanatmospheric.4.1.2 Type IIAtmospheric pressure tanks vented directlyinto a fume conservation system, and designed to withstand thespecified positive and negative
19、pressure not to exceed 14 in.(355.6 mm) of water when all tie-down lugs are properlysecured, in accordance with the fabricators recommendationsfor flat-bottom tanks.4.2 Tanks meeting this specification are classified accordingto grade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 1Tanks manufactured with a single generict
20、ype of thermoset resin throughout.4.2.2 Grade 2Tanks manufactured with different generictypes of thermoset resin in the barrier and the structuralportion.NOTE 3The external corrosive environment due to spillage or corro-sive vapors should be considered when specifying Grade 2 tanks (see7.1.3.3).5. M
21、aterials and Manufacture5.1 ResinThe resin used shall be a commercial-grade,corrosion-resistant thermoset that has either been evaluated ina laminate by test in accordance with 11.3 or that has beendetermined by previous documented service to be acceptablefor the service conditions. Where service co
22、nditions have notbeen evaluated, a suitable resin also may be selected byagreement between fabricator and purchaser.5.1.1 The resin shall contain no pigment, dyes, colorants, orfiller, except as follows:5.1.1.1 A thixotropic agent that does not interfere withvisual inspection of laminate quality, or
23、 with the requiredcorrosion resistance of the laminate, may be added for viscos-ity control.NOTE 4The addition of a thixotropic agent may reduce the resistanceof many resin systems to certain corrosive chemical environments. It is theresponsibility of the fabricator, using a thixotropic agent in the
24、 resinrequired for 7.1.1 and 7.1.2, to ascertain its compatibility with thecorrosive environment when this has been reported to him by thepurchaser.5.1.1.2 Resin pastes used to fill crevices before overlay shallnot be subject to the limitations of 5.1.1.5.1.1.3 Resin may contain pigment, dyes, or co
25、lorants whenagreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 5The addition of pigment, dyes, or colorants may interfere withvisual inspection of laminate quality.5.1.1.4 Ultraviolet absorbers may be added to the exteriorsurface for improved weather resistance, if agreed upon be-tween fabricator and
26、 purchaser.5.1.1.5 Antimony compounds or other fire-retardant agentsmay be added to halogenated resins for improved fire resis-tance, if agreed upon between fabricator and purchaser.NOTE 6Because the addition of fire-retardant agents may interferewith visual inspection of laminate quality, they shou
27、ld not be used in theinner surface (7.1.1) or interior layer (7.1.2) unless their functionaladvantages would outweigh the loss of visual inspection.5.2 Reinforcement:5.2.1 Chopped-Strand MatChopped-strand mat shall beconstructed from chopped commercial-grade E-type glassstrands bonded together using
28、 a binder. The strands should betreated with a sizing that is chemically compatible with theresin system used.NOTE 7The selection of the particular chopped-strand mat is depen-dent upon the performance characteristics required of the finished productand upon the processing techniques to be used.5.2.
29、2 Continuous RovingContinuous roving shall be acommercial-grade of E-type glass fiber with a sizing that ischemically compatible with the resin system used.5.2.3 Nonwoven Biaxial or Unidirectional FabricTheseproducts shall be a commercial Grade of E-type glass fiber witha sizing that is chemically c
30、ompatible with the resin systemused.5.2.4 Woven RovingWoven roving shall be in accordancewith Specification D 2150.5.2.5 Surface MatThe reinforcement used for the innersurface (7.1.1) shall be either a commercial-grade chemicalresistant glass surface mat or an organic-fiber surface mat. Inenvironmen
31、ts that attack glass, the use of an organic-fibersurface mat is required.6. Design Requirements6.1 Filament-Wound LaminatesThe maximum allowablestress of the total laminate (that is, filament winding plus innersurface (7.1.1) and interior layer (7.1.2) shall be limited by theallowable movement (stra
32、in) of the tank wall when filled withfluid.6.1.1 The maximum allowable hoop stress shall be deter-mined as follows:6.1.2 The allowable strain of the tank wall shall not exceed0.0010 in./in. (mm/mm) at 70F (21C).SH5 ETZ! (1)where:SH= hoop stress, psi (kPa),ET= hoop tensile modulus of the total lamina
33、te (seeAppendix X3), psi (kPa), andZ = allowable strain.6.1.3 The minimum thickness of the tank shall be 0.1875 in.(4.76 mm).NOTE 8The use of an accepted analytical technique, such as lami-nated plate theory (LPT), for design and analysis of composite vesselsmay predict stresses, strains, and streng
34、th on a ply-by-ply basis, givensome basic lamina properties.NOTE 9Tanks for installation outdoors shall be designed for the effectD3299082of wind loading and other environmental factors in accordance with sounddesign practice, including tank buckling analysis.NOTE 10Tanks with significant physical l
35、oadings other than fluidhead (such as side mounted equipment, violent agitation, unusually highflow rates, and unsupported bottoms) shall be given special designconsideration.6.1.4 Longitudinal DesignTanks shall have a longitudinalstrength at least equal to that of a helically wound tank havinga max
36、imum angle of wind of 80 (measured from the tank axis,that is, 90 is hoop winding). For reference, the longitudinaltensile strength of a typical 80 helical winding is approxi-mately 2200 psi (15 168 kPa).6.1.5 Hoop Design:6.1.5.1 Normal Service (Structural Liner)When the prod-ucts to be stored in th
37、e tank causes little to no degradation tothe selected resin, the minimum required wall thickness shallbe as follows:t 5PD2SH50.036gHD2 ETZorS0.2489gHD2 ETZD(2)where:t = Total thickness, in. (mm),P = pressure 0.036 H, psi (0.2489 H, kPa),H = fluid head, in. (mm),g = specific gravity of fluid, andD =
38、inside diameter of tank, in. (mm).6.1.5.2 Severe Service (Non-Structural Liner)When theproduct to be stored in the tank may cause degradation of theresin over time and with the agreement of the purchaser, theminimum required wall thickness of the tank shall be deter-mined as follows:t 5PD2SH50.036gH
39、D2 ETZorS0.2489gHD2 ETZD(3)6.1.6 The minimum required wall thickness of the filamentwound portion of the tank shall be determined as follows:The thickness of the inner surface and interior layer (7.1.1and 7.1.2) shall be added to this calculated thickness.6.1.6.1 The minimum thickness of the tank sh
40、all be 0.1875in. (4.76 mm).6.2 Design for External Pressure:6.2.1 Cylindrical ShellsFor cylindrical shell, compute thevalue 1.73 (Do/t)0.5. If the result is less than L/Doof thecylinder, compute Paas follows:Pa5 2.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5(4)If the result is greater than L/Doof the cylinder, compute Paas f
41、ollows:Pa52.6E/F!Do/L!t/Do!2.5L/Do! 2 0.45 t/Do!0.5(5)where:Do= outside diameter, in. (mm),E = lower of hoop tensile modulus or axial tensile modu-lus, psi (kPa),F = design factor = 5,L = design length, in., of a vessel section, taken as thelargest of the following: (a) the distance betweenhead-tang
42、ent lines plus one-third the depth of eachformed head if there are no stiffening rings (excludingconical heads and sections); (b) the distance betweencone-to-cylinder junctions for vessels with a cone orconical heads if there are no stiffening rings; (c) thegreatest center-to-center distance between
43、 any twoadjacent stiffening rings; (d) the distance from thecenter of the first stiffening ring to the formed headtangent line plus one-third the depth of the formedhead (excluding conical heads and sections), allmeasured parallel to the axis of the vessel; (e) thedistance from the first stiffening
44、ring in the cylinder tothe cone-to-cylinder junction,Pa= allowable external pressure, psi (kPa), andt = wall thickness, in. (mm) (nominal).6.2.2 Torispherical HeadsFor torispherical heads, com-pute the allowable external pressure Paas follows:Pa5 0.36E/F!t/Ro!2(6)where:Ro= outside crown radius of he
45、ad, in. (mm).6.2.2.1 For torispherical heads subject to internal loading,the knucle radius shall be externally reinforced in accordancewith Fig. 1. The reinforcement thickness shall be equal to thethickness of the head as calculated above. The thickness of ajoint overlay near the knucle radius tange
46、nt line of a dishedhead contributes to the knucle reinforcement.6.2.3 Stiffening RingsThe required moment of inertia, Is,of a circumferential stiffening ring for cylindrical shells underexternal pressure or internal vacuum shall not be less than thatdetermined by the following formula:FIG. 1 Jointed
47、 Head DetailSketch AD3299083Is5 PLsDo3F/24Eh(7)where:Do= shell outside diameter, in. (mm),Eh= hoop tensile modulus, psi (kPa),F = design factor = 5,Is= moment of inertia, in.4(mm4), of stiffener and effec-tive length of shell,Ls= one-half of the distance from the centerline of thestiffening ring to
48、the next line of support on one side,plus one-half of the centerline distance to the next lineof support on the other side of the stiffening ring, bothmeasured parallel to the axis of the cylinder, in.Alineof support is the following: (a) a stiffening ring thatmeets the requirements of this paragrap
49、h; (b)acircumferential line on a head at one-third the depthof the head from the head tangent line; (c) a cone-to-cylinder junction, andP = actual external pressure, psi (kPa).Typical half-round stiffener sizes and dimensions for differ-ent values of Isare shown in Fig. 2. Other stiffener profilesmeeting the required moment of inertia may be used.6.3 Contact Molded LaminatesPortions of the tank, suchas joints, heads, nozzles, and supports, may be fabricated bycontact molding. Contact-molded laminates shall satisfy theminimum
