1、Designation: D 3333 07Standard Practice forSampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow forTesting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3333; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the division ofshipments of manufactured staple fiber, sliver (or top) or towinto lot
3、s and the sampling of such lots for testing.NOTE 1For sampling yarns, refer to Practice D 2258.NOTE 2This practice differs from BISFA2rules for staple fibers in thelot sampling, by the elimination of separate sampling of outer versus innercontainer areas, in the reduction of number of strata from 6
4、to 5, and bythe elimination of compositing to obtain a single laboratory sample for thelot when testing properties which do not depend on as-received moisturecontent.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of t
5、he user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 4271 Practice for Wri
6、ting Statements on Sampling in TestMethods for TextilesD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D 4849.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Prac
7、tice4.1 Instructions are given for dividing containers into lots,for determining the number of containers to be selected fromeach lot as the lot sample, and for determining the number ofcontainers taken from the lot sample as a laboratory sample.See Practice D 4271.4.2 Separate laboratory samples ar
8、e taken for commercialweight measurement and for other testing, for example, physi-cal or chemical tests.4.3 The manner of preparing laboratory sampling units forcommercial weight, and the manner of collecting laboratorysampling units for other testing are based on the following:4.3.1 Present knowle
9、dge of the systematic variation ofmoisture within the container, and4.3.2 The variability of the properties for which the practiceis to be used.5. Significance and Use5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in acontainer or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves ameasurement proce
10、ss that includes both sampling and testingprocedures. The correctness of the value assigned dependsupon the variability due to testing. Even when the variabilitydue to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures,correct and consistent estimates of the true value of theproperty are possibl
11、e only when the sampling procedure avoidssystematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, andprovides a laboratory sample of adequate size.5.2 This practice may not give the most efficient samplingplan that might be devised in special situations but it doespresent a general procedure that give
12、s satisfactory precisionwith an economical amount of sampling and one which doesnot require elaborate statistical computation based on previousknowledge of the amount of variation between lot samples,between laboratory samples, and between test specimens.5.3 The smallest number of specimens required
13、 for a givenvariability in the average result will usually be obtained by (1)minimizing the number of shipping units in the lot sample, (2)1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.Current edit
14、ion approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3333 01.2BISFA Internationally Agreed Methods for Testing Polyamide Staple Fibers,1974 edition, BISFA Internationally Agreed Methods for Testing Polyester StapleFibers, 1972 edi
15、tion, and BISFA Rules for Testing Regenerated Cellulose andAcetate Staple Fibers, 1970 edition, available from the Bureau International pour laStandardisation de la Rayonne et des Fibres Synthetiques.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic
16、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.taking one of the shipping units in the labora
17、tory sample, and(3) taking the prescribed specimen(s) from the selected labo-ratory sample shipping unit. (See 7.3 and 7.4.)5.4 To minimize the cost of sampling a lot of material, it isnecessary to agree on the required variance for the reportedaverage for a lot of material:5.4.1 Estimate the varian
18、ce due to lot samples, the variancedue to laboratory samples, and the variance due to testspecimens.5.4.2 Calculate the total variance for the average test resultsfor several combinations of the number of lot samples, thenumber of laboratory samples per lot sample, and the numberof test specimens pe
19、r laboratory sample.5.4.3 Calculate the cost of performing each of the samplingschemes considered in 5.4.2.5.4.4 Select the sampling scheme that (1) has the requiredprecision, and (2) is most economical to perform.6. Apparatus (for Moisture Related Properties)6.1 Sample Containers, tared to the near
20、est 0.1 g, formed ofimpermeable materials, such as glass, polyethylene, or metal,and capable of being rapidly closed and sealed air-tight. Thesample containers shall be of a size to contain approximately250 g of compressed fiber.6.1.1 If the air space above the compressed fiber is no morethan 2 % of
21、 the container volume, a rigid container may beused.6.1.2 Flexible polyethylene bags or vessels, constructedwith a wall thickness of at least 0.13 mm (0.005 in.), andcapable of being sealed air-tight, have been found satisfactory,provided they are compressed prior to sealing to remove asmuch free ai
22、r as possible.6.2 Laboratory Weighing Device, capable of weighing thematerial to a precision of 60.1 %.6.3 Bale-Weighing Device, capable of weighing the entirecontainer to a precision of 60.1 %.7. Procedure7.1 Division into LotsInstructions for the division ofproduct into lots is best given in the a
23、ppropriate specification.In the absence of such instructions, sample and test as aseparate lot any portion of a shipment or order that differs fromother portions in specifications, or physical characteristics, orthat is billed or designated by the supplier as a separate lot. Ifportions of a larger o
24、rder are shipped on different dates, fromplants or warehouses, or in more than one carload or truckload;treat each shipment as a separate lot. If the containers in ashipment do not have consecutive numbers, divide the ship-ment into groups of containers having consecutive numbersand treat each group
25、 as a separate lot if it is separated from theadjacent group by as many as ten container numbers.7.2 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an appli-cable material specification, take containers which have beendesignated by drawing numbers
26、 from a recepticle in which thenumbers have been thoroughly mixed or by use of a table ofrandom numbers. As applicable, consider containers to be theprimary sampling unit. Take the number of containers specifiedin Table 1.7.3 Laboratory Samples for Moisture Related PropertiesFor acceptance testing,
27、unless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable material specification, proceed asdirected in 7.3.1, 7.3.2,or7.3.3. Samples for measurement ofmoisture related properties cannot be used for measurement ofother properties.7.3.1 Staple FiberImmediately upon opening each con-tainer in th
28、e lot sample, prepare two laboratory samples asfollows:7.3.1.1 Quickly strip off fiber down to each of the layersillustrated in Fig. 1. As each layer is exposed, quickly collectan approximately 50-g hand sample in each hand, by pickingup small groups of fibers at points randomly distributed overthe
29、entire surface of the layer. Immediately put one of the handsamples in one of the two tared laboratory sample containersfor the bale and the other hand sample in the second container.Promptly close the containers. After all the layers have beensampled, the laboratory sample in each container shouldc
30、onsist of about 250 g of fiber. It is essential to minimize fiberexposure to the ambient atmosphere during each step of thepreparation of the laboratory samples.7.3.2 Silver (or Top)When sampling packages of sliver(or top) in a container, take one package at random from eachcontainer, giving each pa
31、ckage in the container an equal chanceof being selected.7.3.2.1 For each package to be tested, immediately uponremoval of wrapping material from the package, pull twoTABLE 1 Number of ContainersAIn Lot In Lot Sample1to3 all4to24 425 to 50 5More than 50 10 % of the containers, but no morethan 10ATabl
32、e 1 is an empirical practice found by experience to be satisfactory for thelot sample from homogeneous lots of man-made staple fiber.NOTE 1A is the top surface immediately upon exposure; B is thesurface exposed on removal of the first quarter, C is the surface at themiddle of the bale; D is the surf
33、ace exposed on removal of three fourthsof the fiber, and E is the surface 2 to 3 cm above the bottom of the bale,F is the diagonal through the center of the bale.FIG. 1 Diagram for Staple Fiber SamplingD3333072approximately 30-g samples and place one of them in one oftwo tared sample containers and
34、the other in the secondcontainer. Close the containers immediately. Remove approxi-mately half of the sliver (or top) from the package. Quicklypull two approximately 60-g samples from the middle. Placethese samples in the containers with the samples from the topof the package, closing the containers
35、 immediately. Removesliver (or top) to within one to three layers from the bottom.Quickly pull two more approximately 30-g samples and placethem in the containers with the other samples. Each combinedsample should weigh 100 6 25 g.7.3.3 TowIf tow is wrapped on a support, treat it as sliver(or top) e
36、xcept cut the samples required. If tow is piddled, cuttwo approximately 60-g samples from the top layer. Place themin separate tared sample containers and close the containersimmediately. Remove tow to about the middle of the layers andcut three approximately 40-g segments from areas indicated inFig
37、. 2. Place the segments in one of the sample containers andimmediately close the container. Remove a layer and cut threemore segments from the same general areas. Place thesesegments in the other container, closing the container imme-diately. Remove the remainder of the tow to within one to threelay
38、ers of the bottom. Cut two approximately 60-g segmentsand place one in each of the containers, closing the containersimmediately. Each combined sample should weigh 240 6 40 g.7.4 Laboratory Samples for Other PropertiesFor an ac-ceptance testing laboratory sample, unless otherwise agreedupon, as when
39、 specified in an applicable material specification,when testing for such properties as linear density, tensileproperties, length, extractable matter, fiber blend, etc. that arenot dependent on as-received moisture content, proceed asdirected in 7.4.1, 7.4.2,or7.4.3. Use separate laboratorysamples fo
40、r measurement of moisture related properties.7.4.1 Staple FiberAs each layer indicated in Fig. 1 isexposed, but after any samples for moisture tests have beentaken, take 50-g samples from each layer approximately at apoint on a diagonal (Fig. 1) through the center of the container.Place each sample
41、in a separate sample container labeled withthe complete sample identification. Sample containers need notbe tared and there is no need for speed in collecting the sample.7.4.2 Sliver (or Top)When sampling packages of sliver(or top) in a container for the laboratory sample, take onepackage at random
42、from each container, giving each package inthe container an equal chance of being selected.7.4.2.1 From each selected package, take a length of mate-rial from the lead end that is compatible with requirements ofthe test under consideration and has a clean, uniform appear-ance.7.4.3 TowFrom each labo
43、ratory sample unit, take a lengthof material from the leading end that is compatible withrequirements of the test under consideration and has a clean,uniform appearance.7.5 Test SpecimensFor each unit in the laboratory sample,test the number of specimens that is specified in the applicabletest metho
44、d.8. Keywords8.1 sampling; textile fiber; textile strandASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent
45、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either
46、 for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hea
47、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard
48、 may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TTop layer KCenterHMiddle layer LArea halfway from center to edgeJArea halfway from center to edge BLayer just above the bottomFIG. 2 Diagram for Tow SamplingD3333073
