1、Designation: D3336 05 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forLife of Lubricating Greases in Ball Bearings at ElevatedTemperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3336; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod covers the evaluation of the perfor-mance of lubricating greases in ball bearings operating underlight loads at high speeds and elevated temperatures.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units
4、that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
5、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 8.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A600 Specification for Tool Steel High Speed2.2 ABMA Standard:3Standard 4, Tolerance Definitions and Gaging Practices forBall and Roller Bearings2.3 ASTM Adjunct
6、s:Standard Ball Bearings (set of five)43. Summary of Test Method3.1 A grease lubricated SAE No. 204 size ball bearing isrotated at 10 000 r/min under light load at a specified elevatedtemperature. Tests are continued until failure or completion ofa specified number of hours of running time.4. Signif
7、icance and Use4.1 This test method can be used to evaluate the ability ofgrease to provide adequate lubrication for extended periods ofball bearings operating under light loads at high speeds andelevated temperatures.5. Apparatus5,65.1 Test Spindle7(see Figs. 1-4 ), capable of operating atspeeds of
8、10 000 r min and temperatures as high as 371 C(700 F). The test bearing seat dimension shall be 19.99 mm to20.00 mm (0.7870 in. to 0.7874 in.). For spindles having thetest bearing and the support bearing in the same housing (CRCType, Figs. 1-3)(Note 2) the internal construction of thespindle shall b
9、e such that the outboard support bearing, or bothbearings are free to float axially in the housing. In designswhere both bearings are free to float, the spindle shaft shallhave a 0.508 mm to 0.762 mm (0.020 in. to 0.030 in.) free axialmovement or end play. The outboard bearing seat dimensionshould b
10、e 19.99 mm to 20.00 mm (0.7870 in. to 0.7874 in.).5.1.1 The test unit design (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) should be suchthat a finger spring washer produces a 22 N to 67 N (5 lbf to15 lbf) thrust load on the floating outboard support bearing.8,65.2 Bearing Housing:5.2.1 For CRC Type SpindlesThe bearing housi
11、ng diam-eter shall be 47.005 mm to 47.021 mm (1.8506 in. to1.8512 in.) to give proper bearing mounting. Construction shallbe such that the test bearing is equipped with flush spacers orshields to confine the grease to the bearing. The spacers or1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
12、mittee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.05 on Functional Tests - Temperature.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3336 05 (20
13、10).DOI: 10.1520/D3336-05R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Bearing
14、 Manufacturers Assoc., 2025 M St., NW, Ste800, Washington, DC 20036.4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.ADJD3336. Original adjunct produced in 1984.5Complete apparatus is available from Falex Corp., 1020 Airpark Dr., SugarGrove, IL 60554.6If you are aware of alternative
15、 suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.7Pope Machinery Corporation Grease Test Spindles No. P-1911 or P-6301A-HT(Fig. 1) and No. P-7605-
16、B (Fig. 2); and Falex Corp. spindles of the type shown inFig. 1 and Fig. 2 have been found satisfactory for this purpose.8The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Falex Part No. 643-187-070, Falex Corp. 1020 Airpark Dr., Sugar Grove, IL60554.Copyright ASTM Int
17、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1shields shall have a clearance between the inside diameter andthe shaft of 0.127 mm to 0.178 mm (0.005 in. to 0.007 in.) perside.NOTE 1This type of spindle is described in CRC Research Techniquefor the De
18、termination of Performance Characteristics of LubricatingGrease in Antifriction Bearings at Elevated Temperature (CRC Designa-tions L-35-54 and CRC L-35-62).5.2.2 For Navy Type Spindles (Test Bearing Mounted Out-side Spindle Housing)The bearing housing shall be con-structed of material similar to th
19、at of the test bearing and shallbe tempered to retain dimensional stability at temperatures upto 371 C (700 F). Internal diameter shall be 47.005 mm to47.021 mm (1.8506 in. to 1.8512 in.). The housing cover shallbe flush fitting to confine the grease to the bearing. Provisionshall be made for insert
20、ion in the housing of one or two smallthermocouples which shall lightly press on and be in continualcontact with the outer race of the test bearing. The housingshall be fitted with lugs to accommodate a yoke and addedweight so that a radial load may be applied to the test bearing.A thrust load of 22
21、 N 6 2 N (5 lbf 6 0.55 lbf) shall be appliedto the outer race of the bearing by means of a helical springcalibrated at room temperature.5.3 Motor Drive AssemblySpindle bracket and constantbelt tension motor drive assembly capable of providing spindlespeeds up to 10 000 r min 6 200 r min by means of
22、anFIG. 1 Test Spindle (Both Bearings Floating)FIG. 2 Test Spindle (with Radial Load)D3336 05 (2015)2endless belt. The motor shall be mounted so that a belt tensionof approximately 67 N (15 lbf) can be maintained on the testspindle pulley.5.4 Oven, removable, capable of producing a test tempera-ture
23、of 371 C (700 F) within 112 h.5.5 Control Equipment:5.5.1 The temperature at the outside diameter of the testbearing shall be maintained within 3 C (5 F) of the specifiedtest temperature. The temperature control equipment shall beadequate to maintain the temperature at the outer race of theFIG. 3 Te
24、st Spindle Thrust Load DesignFIG. 4 G-III-54 Grease Life, Hours to FailureD3336 05 (2015)3test bearing within the limits specified by control of the oventemperature. The oven temperature shall be controlled bymeans of a thermocouple placed in the oven cavity.5.5.2 Suitable equipment such as adjustab
25、le reset relay andoverload device for shutting off oven heaters and drive motorand other accessory equipment (timer, recorder, etc.) shall beprovided. Oven temperature as well as bearing temperatureshould be recorded.6. Materials6.1 Test Bearing, SAE No. 204 size, fabricated from heat-resistant stee
26、l, suitable for temperatures as high as 371 C(700 F). The bearing shall be manufactured to ABEC-3quality, having a radial clearance of from 0.025 mm to0.031 mm (0.0010 in. to 0.0012 in.). See Annex A1 whichdescribes ABMAs standard method of measuring radial inter-nal clearances of ball bearings. The
27、 bearing shall be equippedwith a ball retainer fabricated from suitable material capable ofwithstanding temperatures as high as 371 C (700 F). Supportbearings of CRC Type spindles shall be identical to the testbearings.NOTE 2Bearings fabricated from 18-4-1 high speed or M-50 (Speci-fication A600) to
28、ol steel with retainers fabricated from heat-treatedsilver-plated beryllium copper9have been found satisfactory for thispurpose. Alternatively, for testing at temperatures of 149 C (300 F) andbelow, ASTM Test Bearings Size 6204 (PCN 12-433360-12) ABEC-3 hasbeen found satisfactory. This bearing is fa
29、bricated from AISI 52100 steel,with a retainer fabricated from AISI C1010 steel and with an internalclearance range of 0.021 mm to 0.028 mm (0.0008 in. to 0.0011 in.).106.2 ASTM n-Heptane.116.3 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade.7. Test Conditions7.1 TemperatureAs specified up to 371 C (700 F).7.2 Speed
30、10 000 r min 6 200 r min.7.3 Test Cycle:7.3.1 Twenty-one and one-half hours running at tempera-tures of 149 C (300 F) and below212 h shutdown withoutapplied heat.7.3.2 Twenty hours running at temperatures of above149 C (300 F)4 h shutdown without applied heat.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Just prio
31、r to lubrication for test, clean the test bearing byrotating it in warm (approximately 50 C (120 F) mineralspirits, reagent grade (WarningFlammable. Harmful if in-haled) followed by two successive washes of ASTM n-heptane(WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful) and flash dry in anoven at 71 C (160 F). Co
32、ol the bearing to room temperature.8.2 Pack the bearing by hand so that it contains a weighedquantity of grease equivalent to 3.2 cm36 0.1 cm3. The greasecan also be measured by volume and applied to the bearing bymeans of a syringe. The grease shall be worked uniformly intoboth sides of the bearing
33、s, using a narrow blade spatula,making sure that the grease does not extend beyond the facet ofthe races. For CRC Type spindles the support bearing shall bepacked full.8.3 Assemble the test bearing, support bearing, and Z-spring(see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) on the spindle and fix the thermocouplesinto pos
34、ition so that it is in contact with the outer race of thetest bearing (CRC Type spindles). For tests at 232 C (450 F)and above, replace the finger spring washer for each test. ForNavy Type spindles insert the test bearing into the housing andpress the bearing onto the spindle by application of a lig
35、ht forceon the inner race. Place the cover plate in position, fix thethermocouples into position, and apply the radial and thrustloads.9. Procedure9.1 Rotate the bearing by hand for approximately 100revolutions in each direction at a speed not exceeding200 r min. Start the drive motor and heater sim
36、ultaneously andadjust the temperature controller to raise the bearing to testtemperature within 112 h. After 2 h of test operation at speedand control temperature, measure the temperature of the outerrace of the test bearing.Adjust the controller such that the outerrace of the test bearing is at tes
37、t temperature for the grease.Record test hours (running time), control temperature, andouter-race temperature of the bearing at least every 24 h.Unless automatic controls are employed, a 72 h shutdown(without applied heat) over the weekend, shall be followed. ForNavy Type spindles the oven door shal
38、l remain closed duringperiods of shutdown.NOTE 3Once satisfactory thermal stability has been established withthe test bearing, no further manual adjustment is normally necessary.However, minor adjustments may be made to accommodate changingconditions of voltage, ambient temperatures, etc.9.2 Continu
39、e the test until failure or completion of aspecified number of known running times.10. Results10.1 The lubricant is considered to have failed when anyone of the following conditions occurs:10.1.1 Spindle input power increases to a value of 300 %above the steady state condition at test temperature.10
40、.1.2 An increase in temperature at the test bearing of15 C (27 F) over the test temperature during any portion of acycle. Ignore any temperature rise that takes place within30 min after reaching test temperature after daily start-up.10.1.3 There is loading of the test bearing or belt slippage atstar
41、t up or during the test cycle.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test is not known to have beenobtained in accordance with currently accepted guidelines (forexample, see Research Report RR:D02-1007).11.2 Grease life data generated in two separate cooperativetesting programs show apprec
42、iable scatter and follow Weibull9The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Bearing MRC204S17, SKF Bearings, .10Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1272.11Described in 1996 An
43、nual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04, Annex 2,Section A2.7 on Reference Materials.D3336 05 (2015)4distributions rather than normal distributions. Statistical pa-rameters such as repeatability and reproducibility are thereforenot appropriate. Weibull parameters such as slope, L10, L50andLcbetter de
44、scribe the distribution of test data.11.2.1 Precision may be judged from Weibull plots of thetest data, shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and from calculatedWeibull parameters, summarized in Table 1 (90 % confidencelimits are shown in parentheses). Precision may also be judgedfrom the mean and range for t
45、he center 50 % of resultsreported, also summarized in Table 1.12 ,1311.3 Replicate testing is essential when using this proceduresince appreciable scatter in grease life results can be expected.A grease needs to be tested on a minimum of five differentbearings to provide sufficient data for the Weib
46、ull statisticalanalysis to yield meaningful results.11.4 BiasThe procedure for measuring life of lubricatinggreases in ball bearings at elevated temperatures has no biasbecause the value of performance life in ball bearings atelevated temperature can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.12. Keyw
47、ords12.1 ball bearing; grease; life12Further details may be found in National Lubricating Grease InstituteSpokesman, Vol 39, No. 3, June 1975, pp. 8195.13Avariety of computer software programs are commercially available to enablecalculation of Weibull statistics.FIG. 5 G-III-60 Grease Life, Hours to
48、 FailureD3336 05 (2015)5ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. INTERNAL CLEARANCE MEASUREMENTA1.1 CommentsA1.1.1 The following method describes how to measure theinternal clearance of radial bearings based on ABMAs Stan-dard 4 (Section 3.6, Method 1).14A1.1.2 This method is applicable to radial contact gro
49、ovedball bearings.A1.1.3 This method is used for measuring the radial internalclearance directly employing simple means and without the useof a master bearing.A1.1.4 The difference between minimum and maximummeasured reading is the measured radial internal clearance.The average of the several sets of measurements is the radialinternal clearance, CRof the bearing.A1.1.5 Prelubricated bearings and some designs of bearingswith closures may adversely affect accuracy of gauging.A1.2 MethodA1.2.1 Fasten the inner ring
