1、Designation: D 3343 05An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEstimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cover
3、s the estimation of the hydrogencontent (mass percent) of aviation gasolines and aircraftturbine and jet engine fuels.1.2 This test method is empirical and is applicable to liquidhydrocarbon fuels that conform to the requirements of speci-fications for aviation gasolines or aircraft turbine and jet
4、enginefuels of types Jet A, Jet A-1, Jet B, JP-4, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8.NOTE 1The procedure for the experimental determination of hydro-gen in petroleum fractions is described in Test Methods D 1018 andD 3701.NOTE 2The estimation of the hydrogen content of a hydrocarbon fuelis justifiable only when t
5、he fuel belongs to a well-defined class for whicha relationship among the hydrogen content and the distillation range,density, and aromatic content has been derived from accurate experimen-tal measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in thiscase, the possibility that the estimates
6、may be in error by large amounts forindividual fuels should be recognized. The fuels used to establish thecorrelation presented in this test method are defined by the followingspecifications:Fuel SpecificationAviation gasolines D 910Aircraft turbine and jet engine fuelsJP-4 and JP-5 MIL-T-5624JP-6 M
7、IL-J-25056 (Obsolete)JP-7 MIL-T-38219Jet A D 1655Miscellaneous hydrocarbonsNo. 2 Diesel fuelKerosine distillates (similar to Jet A)Miscellaneous (includes thinners, gasoline fractions, and unidentified blends)Special production fuels (commercial products of nearly pure hydrocarbonsand special high-t
8、emperature fuels (HTF) produced for Air Force tests.Pure hydrocarbons1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
9、he responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD 910 Specif
10、ication for Aviation GasolinesD 1018 Test Method for Hydrogen in Petroleum FractionsD 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in LiquidPetroleum Produ
11、cts by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution ofPetroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD 3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of AviationTurbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Reso-nance Spectromet
12、ry2.2 Military Standards:MIL-T-5624 Specification for Turbine Fuel,Aviation, GradeJP-4 and JP-53MIL-J-25056 Specification for Turbine Fuel, Grade JP-63MIL-T-38219 Specification for Turbine Fuel, Low Volatil-ity, JP-733. Summary of Test Method3.1 A correlation4has been established between the hydro-g
13、en content of a fuel and its distillation range, API gravity, andaromatic content. This relationship is given by the followingequations:Type fuelAll aviation gasolines and aircraft turbine fuels1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and
14、is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 334395(2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcont
15、act ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, ATTN: NPODS.4Ber
16、t, J. A., and Painter, L. J., “Method for Calculating Hydrogen Content ofAviation Fuels,” Chevron Research Co., Richmond, CA, Jan. 12, 1973.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
17、-2959, United States.%H5 0.063 17G 0.041 089A 1 0.000 072 135AV1 0.000 056 84GV 0.000 496 0GA 1 10.56 (1)or in SI Units,5%H5 9201.2 1 14.49T 70.22A!/D1 0.026 52A 1 0.000 129 8AT 0.013 47T 1 2.003 (2)where:% H = mass percent hydrogen;G = gravity, API;A = volume percent aromatics;V = average of 10, 50
18、, and 90 % distillation data, F(using Test Method D86);T = average of 10, 50, and 90 % distillation data, C;andD = density in kg/m3at 15C.3.2 Eq 1 was empirically derived for the mass percenthydrogen by the method of least squares from accurate data onfuels using inch-pound units of measurement. Eq
19、2 was deriveddirectly from Eq 1 by simply converting from inch-pound to SIunits of measurement.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for use as a guide in casesin which an experimental determination of hydrogen content isnot available. Table 1 shows a summary for the range of eachv
20、ariable used in developing the correlation. The mean valueand its distribution about the mean, namely the standarddeviation, is shown. This indicates, for example, that the meandensity for all fuels used in developing the correlation was783.5 kg/m3and that two thirds of the samples had a densitybetw
21、een 733.2 and 841.3 kg/m3, that is, plus and minus onestandard deviation. The correlation is most accurate when thevalues of the variables to be used in the equation are within onestandard deviation of the mean, but is useful up to two standarddeviations of the mean. The use of this correlation may
22、beapplicable to other hydrocarbon distillates similar to aviationfuels, but only limited data on nonaviation fuels were includedin the correlation.4.2 Hydrogen content is required to correct gross heat ofcombustion to net heat of combustion. Net heat is used inaircraft calculation because all combus
23、tion products are in thegaseous state, but experimental methods measure gross heat.5. Procedure5.1 Determine the density or the API gravity of the fuelsample as described in Practice D 1298 API 2547IP 160.5.2 Determine the temperatures at which 10, 50, and 90 %of the fuel are recovered using Test Me
24、thod D86IP 123 orTest Method D 2887IP 406. Average these three temperaturesto obtain the T value (in C) or the V value (in F) used in theequations of 3.1.NOTE 3Distillation data (10, 50, and 90 %) obtained by Test MethodD 2887 are not equivalent to the same data obtained by Test Method D86.However,
25、as the 50 % temperatures are approximately equal, and the 90 %delta is similar in magnitude and opposite in sign to the 10 % delta, theaverage of the 10, 50, and 90 % temperatures by either test method maybe used to estimate hydrogen content by Test Method D 3343.5.3 Determine the aromatic volume pe
26、rcent of the sampleusing Test Method D 1319IP 156.6. Calculation and Report6.1 Inch-Pound UnitsCalculate the percent hydrogen ofthe sample using Eq 1 in 3.1. Round the value obtained to thenearest 0.01 %.Example: Sample: Aviation kerosine fuelDetermined Values:API gravity, G =44Aromatic volume perce
27、nt, A =12Average distillation temperature, V = 400F (10 % = 350F,50 % = 390F, 90 % = 460F; V = (350 + 390 + 460)/3 = 400FUsing Eq 1 in 3.1:%H5 0.063 1744! 2 0.041 08912! 10.000 072 13512! 400! 1 0.000 056 8444! 400! 0.000 496 044! 12! 1 10.56 (3)%H5 13.9311 5 13.936.2 SI UnitsCalculate the percent h
28、ydrogen of the sampleusing Eq 2 of 3.1. Round the value obtained to the nearest0.01 %.Example: Sample: Aviation kerosine fuelDetermined Values:Density, D = 805.9 kg/m3Aromatics, volume %, A =12Average distillation temperature, T = 205C (10 % = 178C,50 % = 200C, 90 % = 237C, T = (178 + 200 + 237)/3 =
29、205C)Using Eq 2 in 3.1.%H5 9201.2 1 14.49205!70.2212!#/805.9 1 0.026 5212! 10.000 129 812! 205! 0.013 47205! 12.003 (4)%H5 13.9367 5 13.946.3 An alternative method for calculating the percent hy-drogen is by summing the values of F1(H2) and F2(H2)determined from the nomographs in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,r
30、espectively.6.3.1 Determine the F1(H2) value using the nomograph ofFig. 1. Enter the nomograph at the abscissa with the density orthe API gravity value, then move vertically upward to thevolume percent aromatics line, and then move horizontally tothe left and read off the value of F1(H2).6.3.2 Deter
31、mine the F2(H2) value using the nomograph ofFig. 2. Enter the nomograph at the left ordinate using thedensity or theAPI gravity. Move horizontally to the right to the5Supporting data (conversion of Eq 1 to SI units) have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting
32、Research Report RR:D02-1266.TABLE 1 Mean and Standard Deviation of the VariablesVariable MeanStandardDeviationAromatics, volume, % 14.1 21.6Density, kg/m3(API) 783 (49.1) 54 (12.4)Volatility, C (F) 178 (352) 53 (96)Mass percent hydrogen 14.1 1.3D3343052volume percent aromatics line, then vertically
33、downward to theaverage boiling point line (average of the 10, 50, and 90 %distillation temperatures) using either F or C, and thenhorizontally to the right ordinate and read the F2(H2) value.6.3.3 Sum the F1(H2) and the F2(H2) values to obtain theestimated hydrogen content in mass percent.6.4 Report
34、 the result from 6.1, 6.2,or6.3 to the nearest0.01 % as weight percent of hydrogen of the fuel sample.7. Precision and Bias67.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of estimated hydrogen content results (95 %confidence):7.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same o
35、perator(using a second set of measured values for aromatics content,density, and distillation data) should be considered suspect ifthe calculated hydrogen content values differ by more than thefollowing amount:Repeatability 5 0.03 % (5)7.1.2 ReproducibilityWith two independent laboratoriesmaking ind
36、ependent measurements of the density, aromaticscontent, and distillation data for an identical fuel sample, thecalculated hydrogen content values should not be consideredsuspect unless they differ by more than the following amount:Reproducibility 5 0.10 % (6)7.2 BiasThe correlation equation was deve
37、loped using331 fuels, 247 of which were aviation fuels (or similar thereto)and 84 of which were pure hydrocarbons, commercial productsof nearly pure hydrocarbons, and special high-temperaturefuels (HTF) produced for Air Force tests. The standard error ofestimate for the hydrogen content of all fuels
38、 is 0.20 % and foraviation type fuels is 0.16 %.NOTE 4The repeatability and reproducibility stated in this section isbased on the summation of the repeatability and reproducibility of the testmethods used in the calculations. It does not include the effect of thescatter of the original data about th
39、e regression line, described by Eq 1 andEq 2. Therefore, the possibility that individual estimates may be in errorin excess of the precision discussed in this section should be recognized.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Re
40、port RR: D02-1184.FIG. 1 Nomogram for Determining F1(H2)D33430538. Keywords8.1 aviation fuels; hydrogen contentSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.04 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 334395(2000) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added
41、 Test Method D 2887 to the Referenced Documents.(2) Revised 5.2.(3) Added Note 3.FIG. 2 Nomogram for Determining F2(H2)D3343054ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are
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43、vised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you
44、may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D3343055
