1、Designation: D 3359 02Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Adhesion by Tape Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing theadhesion of coa
3、ting films to metallic substrates by applying andremoving pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film.1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended for use at job siteswhile Test Method B is more suitable for use in the laboratory.Also, Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thickerthan
4、 5 mils (125m).NOTE 1Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller,Test Method B can be used for thicker films if wider spaced cuts areemployed.1.3 These test methods are used to establish whether theadhesion of a coating to a substrate is at a generally adequatelevel. They do not distin
5、guish between higher levels ofadhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measure-ment are required.NOTE 2It should be recognized that differences in adherability of thecoating surface can affect the results obtained with coatings having thesame inherent adhesion.1.4 In multicoat systems adhesi
6、on failure may occur be-tween coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to thesubstrate is not determined.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcer
7、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled
8、Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating Products2D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels2D 1000 Test Method For Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic A
9、pplica-tions3D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting4D 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting5D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatings2D 3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitiv
10、e Tape6D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedMaterials2D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber Abraser23. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Test Method AAn X-cut is made through the film tothe subst
11、rate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut andthen removed, and adhesion is assessed qualitatively on the 0to 5 scale.3.2 Test Method BA lattice pattern with either six oreleven cuts in each direction is made in the film to thesubstrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice
12、 andthen removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison withdescriptions and illustrations.4. Significance and Use4.1 If a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting ordecorating a substrate, it must adhere to it for the expectedservice life. Because the substrate and its surface preparation
13、(or lack of it) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings,a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to differentsubstrates or surface treatments, or of different coatings to the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and
14、Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypublished as D 3359 74. Last previous edition D 3359 97.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.3Annual Book o
15、f ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.same substrate and treatment, i
16、s of considerable usefulness inthe industry.4.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specificlimitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion (see1.3) should be recognized before using it. The intra- andinter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to otherwidely-acc
17、epted tests for coated substrates (for example, TestMethod D 2370 and Test Method D 4060), but this is partly theresult of it being insensitive to all but large differences inadhesion. The limited scale of 0 to 5 was selected deliberatelyto avoid a false impression of being sensitive.TEST METHOD AX-
18、CUT TAPE TEST5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Cutting ToolSharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or othercutting devices. It is of particular importance that the cuttingedges be in good condition.5.2 Cutting GuideSteel or other hard metal straightedgeto ensure straight cuts.5.3 Tape25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semi
19、transparent pressure-sensitive tape7with an adhesion strength agreed upon by thesupplier and the user is needed. Because of the variability inadhesion strength from batch-to-batch and with time, it isessential that tape from the same batch be used when tests areto be run in different laboratories. I
20、f this is not possible the testmethod should be used only for ranking a series of testcoatings.5.4 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.5.5 IlluminationA light source is helpful in determiningwhether the cuts have been made through the film to thesubstrate.6. Test Specimens6.1 When this test method
21、 is used in the field, the specimenis the coated structure or article on which the adhesion is to beevaluated.6.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested topanels of the composition and surface conditions on which it isdesired to determine the adhesion.NOTE 3Applicable test panel descrip
22、tion and surface preparationmethods are given in Practice D 609 and Practices D 1730 and D 2092.NOTE 4Coatings should be applied in accordance with PracticeD 823, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 5If desired or specified, the coated test panels may be subjectedto a prelimi
23、nary exposure such as water immersion, salt spray, or highhumidity before conducting the tape test. The conditions and time ofexposure will be governed by ultimate coating use or shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and seller.7. Procedure7.1 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surfaceim
24、perfections. For tests in the field, ensure that the surface isclean and dry. Extremes in temperature or relative humiditymay affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.7.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: Afterimmersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriatesolvent which will
25、not harm the integrity of the coating. Thendry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.7.2 Make two cuts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.)long that intersect near their middle with a smaller angle ofbetween 30 and 45. When making the incisions, use th
26、estraightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in onesteady motion.7.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from themetal substrate to establish that the coating film has beenpenetrated. If the substrate has not been reached make anotherX in a different location. Do not attempt
27、to deepen a previouscut as this may affect adhesion along the incision.7.4 Remove two complete laps of the pressure-sensitivetape from the roll and discard. Remove an additional length ata steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm(3 in.) long.7.5 Place the center of the tape at t
28、he intersection of the cutswith the tape running in the same direction as the smallerangles. Smooth the tape into place by finger in the area of theincisions and then rub firmly with the eraser on the end of apencil. The color under the transparent tape is a usefulindication of when good contact has
29、 been made.7.6 Within 90 6 30 s of application, remove the tape byseizing the free end and pulling it off rapidly (not jerked) backupon itself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.7.7 Inspect the X-cut area for removal of coating from thesubstrate or previous coating and rate the adhesion in a
30、ccor-dance with the following scale:5A No peeling or removal,4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (116 in.) on either side,2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (18 in.) on eitherside,1A Removal from most
31、 of the area of the X under the tape, and0A Removal beyond the area of the X.7.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel.For large structures make sufficient tests to ensure that theadhesion evaluation is representative of the whole surface.7.9 After making several cuts examine the
32、 cutting edge and,if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by abradinglightly on a fine oil stone before using again. Discard cuttingtools that develop nicks or other defects that tear the film.8. Report8.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, andfor coating systems, where the f
33、ailure occurred that is, betweenfirst coat and substrate, between first and second coat, etc.8.2 For field tests report the structure or article tested, thelocation and the environmental conditions at the time oftesting.8.3 For test panels report the substrate employed, the type ofcoating, the metho
34、d of cure, and the environmental conditionsat the time of testing.8.4 If the adhesion strength of the tape has been determinedin accordance with Test Methods D 1000 or D 3330, report the7Permacel 99, manufactured by Permacel, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, andavailable from various Permacel tape distribut
35、ors, is reported to be suitable for thispurpose. The manufacturer of this tape and the manufacturer of the tape used in theinterlaboratory study (see RR: D01-1008), have advised this subcommittee that theproperties of these tapes were changed. Users of it should, therefore, check whethercurrent mate
36、rial gives comparable results to previous supplied material.D3359022results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion strength ofthe tape has not been determined, report the specific tape usedand its manufacturer.8.5 If the test is performed after immersion, report immer-sion conditions and metho
37、d of sample preparation.9. Precision and Bias89.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method in whichoperators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurementon three panels each of three coatings covering a wide range ofadhesion, the within-laboratories standard deviation was foundto be 0.33
38、 and the between-laboratories 0.44. Based on thesestandard deviations, the following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidencelevel:9.1.1 RepeatabilityProvided adhesion is uniform over alarge surface, results obtained by the same operator should beconside
39、red suspect if they differ by more than 1 rating unit fortwo measurements.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of trip-licates, obtained by different operators should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 1.5 rating units.9.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.TE
40、ST METHOD BCROSS-CUT TAPE TEST10. Apparatus and Materials10.1 Cutting Tool9Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife orother cutting device having a cutting edge angle between 15and 30 that will make either a single cut or several cuts atonce. It is of particular importance that the cutting edge oredges be
41、in good condition.10.2 Cutting GuideIf cuts are made manually (as opposedto a mechanical apparatus) a steel or other hard metal straight-edge or template to ensure straight cuts.10.3 RuleTempered steel rule graduated in 0.5 mm formeasuring individual cuts.10.4 Tape, as described in 5.3.10.5 Rubber E
42、raser, on the end of a pencil.10.6 Illumination, as described in 5.5.10.7 Magnifying GlassAn illuminated magnifier to beused while making individual cuts and examining the test area.11. Test Specimens11.1 Test specimens shall be as described in Section 6. Itshould be noted, however, that multitip cu
43、tters10provide goodresults only on test areas sufficiently plane that all cutting edgescontact the substrate to the same degree. Check for flatnesswith a straight edge such as that of the tempered steel rule(10.3).12. Procedure12.1 Where required or when agreed upon, subject thespecimens to a prelim
44、inary test before conducting the tape test(see Note 3). After drying or testing the coating, conduct thetape test at room temperature as defined in SpecificationD 3924, unless D 3924 standard temperature is required oragreed.12.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: Afterimmersion, clean and wi
45、pe the surface with an appropriatesolvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Thendry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.12.2 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surfaceimperfections, place on a firm base, and under the illuminate
46、dmagnifier, make parallel cuts as follows:12.2.1 For coatings having a dry film thickness up to andincluding 2.0 mils (50 m) space the cuts 1 mm apart and makeeleven cuts unless otherwise agreed upon.12.2.2 For coatings having a dry film thickness between 2.0mils (50 m) and 5 mils (125 m), space the
47、 cuts 2 mm apartand make six cuts. For films thicker than 5 mils use TestMethod A.1112.2.3 Make all cuts about 20 mm (34 in.) long. Cut throughthe film to the substrate in one steady motion using justsufficient pressure on the cutting tool to have the cutting edgereach the substrate. When making suc
48、cessive single cuts withthe aid of a guide, place the guide on the uncut area.12.3 After making the required cuts brush the film lightlywith a soft brush or tissue to remove any detached flakes orribbons of coatings.12.4 Examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, removeany flat spots or wire-edge b
49、y abrading lightly on a fine oilstone. Make the additional number of cuts at 90 to andcentered on the original cuts.12.5 Brush the area as before and inspect the incisions forreflection of light from the substrate. If the metal has not beenreached make another grid in a different location.12.6 Remove two complete laps of tape and discard. Re-move an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked) rateand cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.12.7 Place the center of the tape over the grid and in the areaof the grid smooth into place by a finger. To ens
