1、Designation: D 3359 09Standard Test Methods forMeasuring Adhesion by Tape Test1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing theadhesion of coa
3、ting films to metallic substrates by applying andremoving pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film.NOTE 1This test method has been reported being used to measureadhesion of organic coatings on soft substrates (for example, wood andplastic). Issues with plastic substrates are noted inAppend
4、ix X1.Asimilartest method, ISO 2409, permits tests on soft substrates (for example, woodand plaster). Precision and bias data on the later is lacking. Test MethodsD 3359 was developed with metal as the substrate and, in the absence ofsupporting precision and bias data, is so limited.1.2 Test Method
5、A is primarily intended for use at job siteswhile Test Method B is more suitable for use in the laboratory.Also, Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thickerthan 5 mils (125m).NOTE 2Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller,Test Method B can be used for thicker films if
6、 wider spaced cuts areemployed.1.3 These test methods are used to establish whether theadhesion of a coating to a substrate is at a generally adequatelevel. They do not distinguish between higher levels ofadhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measure-ment are required.NOTE 3It should be r
7、ecognized that differences in adherability of thecoating surface can affect the results obtained with coatings having thesame inherent adhesion.1.4 This test method is similar in content (but not techni-cally equivalent) to ISO 2409.1.5 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur be-tween coats
8、so that the adhesion of the coating system to thesubstrate is not determined.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use.
9、 It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panelsfor Testing Paint, Varn
10、ish, Conversion Coatings, andRelated Coating ProductsD 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD 1730 Practices for Pre
11、paration of Aluminum andAluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)Steel Surfaces for Painting3D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatingsD 3330/D 3330M Test Method for Peel Adhesion ofPressure-Sensitive TapeD 3924 Specification for E
12、nvironment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsD 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber Abraser2.2 Other Standard:ISO 2409 Paint and Varnishes Cross-cut test43. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Test Method AAn X-cut is made through th
13、e film tothe substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut andthen removed, and adhesion is assessed qualitatively on the 0to 5 scale.3.2 Test Method BA lattice pattern with either six oreleven cuts in each direction is made in the film to the1These test methods are under the jurisdicti
14、on of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1974. Last previous edition approv
15、ed in 2008 as D 3359 08.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version
16、 of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice andthen removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison withdescriptions and illustrations.4. Significance and Use4.1 If a coating is to fulfill its function of protectin
18、g ordecorating a substrate, it must adhere to it for the expectedservice life. Because the substrate and its surface preparation(or lack of it) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings,a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to differentsubstrates or surface treatments, or of different c
19、oatings to thesame substrate and treatment, is of considerable usefulness inthe industry.4.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specificlimitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion (see1.3) should be recognized before using it. The intra- andinter-laboratory precision of t
20、his test method is similar to otherwidely-accepted tests for coated substrates (for example, TestMethod D 2370 and Test Method D 4060), but this is partly theresult of it being insensitive to all but large differences inadhesion. The limited scale of 0 to 5 was selected deliberatelyto avoid a false
21、impression of being sensitive.TEST METHOD AX-CUT TAPE TEST5. Apparatus and Materials5.1 Cutting ToolSharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or othercutting devices. It is of particular importance that the cuttingedges be in good condition.5.2 Cutting GuideSteel or other hard metal straightedgeto ensure st
22、raight cuts.5.3 Tape25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure-sensitive tape5with an adhesion strength agreed upon by thesupplier and the user is needed. Because of the variability inadhesion strength from batch-to-batch and with time, it isessential that tape from the same batch be used when te
23、sts areto be run in different laboratories. If this is not possible the testmethod should be used only for ranking a series of testcoatings.5.4 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.5.5 IlluminationA light source is helpful in determiningwhether the cuts have been made through the film to thesubstra
24、te.6. Test Specimens6.1 When this test method is used in the field, the specimenis the coated structure or article on which the adhesion is to beevaluated.6.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested topanels of the composition and surface conditions on which it isdesired to determine the
25、 adhesion.NOTE 4Applicable test panel description and surface preparationmethods are given in Practice D 609 and Practices D 1730 and D 2092.NOTE 5Coatings should be applied in accordance with PracticeD 823, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.NOTE 6If desired or specified, the co
26、ated test panels may be subjectedto a preliminary exposure such as water immersion, salt spray, or highhumidity before conducting the tape test. The conditions and time ofexposure will be governed by ultimate coating use or shall be agreed uponbetween the purchaser and seller.7. Procedure7.1 Select
27、an area free of blemishes and minor surfaceimperfections. For tests in the field, ensure that the surface isclean and dry. Extremes in temperature or relative humiditymay affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.7.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: Afterimmersion, clean and wipe the s
28、urface with an appropriatesolvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Thendry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.7.2 Make two cuts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.)long that intersect near their middle with a smaller angle ofbetween
29、 30 and 45. When making the incisions, use thestraightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in onesteady motion.7.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from themetal substrate to establish that the coating film has beenpenetrated. If the substrate has not been reached make anot
30、herX in a different location. Do not attempt to deepen a previouscut as this may affect adhesion along the incision.7.4 At each day of testing, before initiation of testing,remove two complete laps of the pressure-sensitive tape fromthe roll and discard. Remove an additional length at a steady(that
31、is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.)long.7.5 Place the center of the tape at the intersection of the cutswith the tape running in the same direction as the smallerangles. Smooth the tape into place by finger in the area of theincisions and then rub firmly with the eraser on the e
32、nd of apencil. The color under the transparent tape is a usefulindication of when good contact has been made.7.6 Within 90 6 30 s of application, remove the tape byseizing the free end and pulling it off rapidly (not jerked) backupon itself at as close to an angle of 180 as possible.7.7 Inspect the
33、X-cut area for removal of coating from thesubstrate or previous coating and rate the adhesion in accor-dance with the following scale:5A No peeling or removal,4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (116 in.) on either side,
34、2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (18 in.) on eitherside,1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape, and0A Removal beyond the area of the X.7.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel.For large structures make sufficient tests to ensure that thead
35、hesion evaluation is representative of the whole surface.7.9 After making several cuts examine the cutting edge and,if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by abradinglightly on a fine oil stone before using again. Discard cuttingtools that develop nicks or other defects that tear the film.
36、5Permacel 99, manufactured by Permacel, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, andavailable from various Permacel tape distributors, is reported to be suitable for thispurpose. The manufacturer of this tape and the manufacturer of the tape used in theinterlaboratory study (see RR: D01-1008), have advised this sub
37、committee that theproperties of these tapes were changed. Users of it should, therefore, check whethercurrent material gives comparable results to previous supplied material.D33590928. Report8.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, andfor coating systems, where the failure occurred that
38、 is, betweenfirst coat and substrate, between first and second coat, etc.8.2 For field tests report the structure or article tested, thelocation and the environmental conditions at the time oftesting.8.3 For test panels report the substrate employed, the type ofcoating, the method of cure, and the e
39、nvironmental conditionsat the time of testing.8.4 If the adhesion strength of the tape has been determinedin accordance with Test Methods D 1000 or D 3330/D 3330M,report the results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesionstrength of the tape has not been determined, report the specifictape used
40、 and its manufacturer.8.5 If the test is performed after immersion, report immer-sion conditions and method of sample preparation.9. Precision and Bias69.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method in whichoperators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurementon three panels each of three
41、 coatings covering a wide range ofadhesion, the within-laboratories standard deviation was foundto be 0.33 and the between-laboratories 0.44. Based on thesestandard deviations, the following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidencelevel:9.1.1 Repeatabili
42、tyProvided adhesion is uniform over alarge surface, results obtained by the same operator should beconsidered suspect if they differ by more than 1 rating unit fortwo measurements.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of trip-licates, obtained by different operators should be consideredsus
43、pect if they differ by more than 1.5 rating units.9.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.TEST METHOD BCROSS-CUT TAPE TEST10. Apparatus and Materials10.1 Cutting Tool7Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife orother cutting device having a cutting edge angle between 15and 30 that will make ei
44、ther a single cut or several cuts atonce. It is of particular importance that the cutting edge oredges be in good condition.10.2 Cutting GuideIf cuts are made manually (as opposedto a mechanical apparatus) a steel or other hard metal straight-edge or template to ensure straight cuts.10.3 RuleTempere
45、d steel rule graduated in 0.5 mm formeasuring individual cuts.10.4 Tape, as described in 5.3.10.5 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.10.6 Illumination, as described in 5.5.10.7 Magnifying GlassAn illuminated magnifier to beused while making individual cuts and examining the test area.11. Test Spe
46、cimens11.1 Test specimens shall be as described in Section 6.Itshould be noted, however, that multitip cutters8provide goodresults only on test areas sufficiently plane that all cutting edgescontact the substrate to the same degree. Check for flatnesswith a straight edge such as that of the tempered
47、 steel rule(10.3).12. Procedure12.1 Where required or when agreed upon, subject thespecimens to a preliminary test before conducting the tape test(see Note 4). After drying or testing the coating, conduct thetape test at room temperature as defined in SpecificationD 3924, unless D 3924 standard temp
48、erature is required oragreed.12.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: Afterimmersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriatesolvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Thendry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.12.2 Select
49、an area free of blemishes and minor surfaceimperfections, place on a firm base, and under the illuminatedmagnifier, make parallel cuts as follows:12.2.1 For coatings having a dry film thickness up to andincluding 2.0 mils (50 m) space the cuts 1 mm apart and makeeleven cuts unless otherwise agreed upon.12.2.2 For coatings having a dry film thickness between 2.0mils (50 m) and 5 mils (125 m), space the cuts 2 mm apartand make six cuts. For films thicker than 5 mils (125 m), useTest Method A.912.2.3 Make all cuts about 20 mm (34 in.) long. Cut throught
