1、Designation: D3389 10Standard Test Method forCoated Fabrics Abrasion Resistance (Rotary PlatformAbrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of
3、 the wearresistance of fabrics coated with rubber or plastics to abrasion.The abrasion is measured by mass loss or number of cyclesrequired to wear through the coating to initially expose the basefabric.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthe
4、ses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
5、prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Metho
6、d3.1 Abrasion resistance of fabrics coated with rubber orplastics is measured by subjecting the specimen to the rotary-rubbing action of two abrasive wheels under controlled condi-tions of pressure by the use of the rotary platform abrader. Thetest specimen, mounted on a turntable platform, turns on
7、 avertical axis against the sliding rotation of two abradingwheels. One abrading wheel rubs the specimen outward towardthe periphery and the other, inward toward the center. Theresulting abrasion marks form a circular pattern of crossed arcsover an area of approximately 30 cm2.4. Significance and Us
8、e4.1 Abrasion resistance tests are intended to measure thewear resistance properties of a material. This may be correlatedto expected end use performance.5. Apparatus5.1 Abrasion Apparatus,3comprised of a removable flatcircular specimen holder, a pair of pivoted arms to which theabrasive wheels are
9、attached, a motor for rotating the specimenholder, a vacuum unit and nozzle for removal of abradedparticles during test, and a counter for indicating the revolu-tions of the specimen holder. See Fig. 1.5.1.1 The specimen holder shall be mounted to produce acircular surface travel of an essentially f
10、lat specimen in theplane of its surface at a uniform angular velocity.5.1.2 A clamping ring shall be used to secure the specimento the specimen holder.5.1.3 The abrasive wheels, which are attached to the freeend of independently pivoted arms, shall rotate and have, whenresting on the specimen, a per
11、ipheral engagement with thesurface of the specimen, the direction of travel of the peripheryof the wheels and of the specimen at the contacting portionsbeing at acute angles, and the angle of travel of one wheelperiphery being opposite to that of the other. Motion of theabrasive wheels, in opposite
12、directions, shall be provided byrotation of the specimen and the associated friction therefrom.5.1.4 The apparatus shall be provided with a vertical-forceadjustment (auxiliary masses) for varying the vertical force ofthe abrader wheels on the specimen. The pivoted abrader armswithout auxiliary masse
13、s or counterweights shall apply avertical force against the specimen of 2.45 N (250 gf) perwheel. Auxiliary masses may be used to apply a vertical forceagainst the specimen of 4.9 N (500 gf) per wheel or 9.8 N1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direc
14、t responsibility of Subcommittee D11.37 on Coated Fabrics, RubberThreads and Seals.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published January 2011. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3389 05. DOI:10.1520/D3389-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM websit
15、e, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Str
16、eet, North Tonawanda, NY 14120. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
17、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(1000 gf) per wheel. Vertical force references are per arm (notcombined), and include the mass of the pivoted arm.5.1.5 Platform SpeedThe speed of rotation of the plat-form shall be 7.5 6 0.21 rad/s (72 6 2 rpm) for 110
18、V/60 Hzor 6.9 6 0.21 rad/s (60 6 2 rpm) for 230 V/50 Hz operation.5.2 Abrasive Wheels3A wheel that is 13 mm (0.5 in.)thick and approximately 50 mm (2 in.), but no less than 44.4mm (1.75 in.) in diameter, which is manufactured in differentgrades of abrasive quality.5.3 Auxiliary ApparatusRefacing dis
19、cs are required forthe resurfacing of resilient-type wheels. An abrasion wheelresurfacing device is recommended for resurfacing vitrifiedwheels, and correcting out-of-round wheel conditions.5.4 Balance, suitable for weighing to the nearest 1 mg.6. Test Specimens6.1 Unless otherwise specified, make f
20、ive tests on eachsample of coated fabrics.6.2 Cut circular test specimens approximately 110 mm (412in.) in diameter. Punch or drill a 6-mm (14-in.) hole in thecenter of the specimen. Take care in cutting out specimens. Usethe best portion of the sample to be tested. It should be free ofholes, bliste
21、rs, or other imperfections.6.3 For thin flexible materials, adhere the specimen to asuitable substrate; use of a cardboard mounting card has beenfound to be satisfactory.NOTE 1When adhesives are used to adhere the specimen, ensure thatit does not have any adverse effect on the specimen. If a solvent
22、-basedsystem is used, allow the assembly to condition a minimum of 12 h oruntil the assembly maintains constant mass.7. Conditioning7.1 Condition the specimens in accordance with PracticeD618.8. Procedure8.1 Install the wheels on their respective flanged holders asindicated by the manufacturer. Sele
23、ction of abrasive wheels tobe made by the customer and supplier. If no wheel is specified,the H-18 vitrified wheel or equivalent is recommended.NOTE 2Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary platform abrader may besubject to variation due to the changes in the abradant during the courseof the test. Depen
24、ding on abradant type and test specimen, the abradingwheel surface may change (that is, become clogged) due to the pick-up ofworn materials from test specimens. To reduce this variation, the abradingwheels should be resurfaced according to the manufacturers recommen-dations.8.2 Determine the origina
25、l mass of the specimen or theassembly to the nearest 1 mg.8.3 Place the test specimen, with its coated side up, over therubber mat on the specimen holder. Secure the washer andknurled nut in place to hold the center of the specimen. Placethe clamping ring over the specimen and tighten the screw ofth
26、e clamping ring.8.4 Install auxiliary mass as agreed upon by the customerand supplier. If no load is specified, 1000 gf is recommended.The quality and the thickness of the coating may influence therequired vertical force needed to measure the wear resistanceof the coating.8.5 Adjust the vacuum sucti
27、on and nozzle height as agreedupon between the customer and supplier. If none is provided,use a vacuum nozzle height of 6.5 mm (0.25 in.) above thespecimen surface, with a vacuum level of 70.8.6 Place mounted wheels against specimen.8.7 The tester is equipped with a counter that operates inconjuncti
28、on with the turntable. Set the counter at zero.8.8 Start the abrader and run to the end point, or the requirednumber of cycles as specified by the customer and supplier. Donot abrade through the base fabric. This test method is fordetermining the wear resistance properties of the coating only.FIG. 1
29、 Rotary Platform AbraderFIG. 2 Wear End PointD3389 1028.8.1 Periodically stop the test to remove any abrasiveparticles left on the specimen surface. A frequency of 300cycles is recommended. A soft-bristle brush or compressed airmay be used for this purpose.8.8.2 To test to the end point, it shall be
30、 defined as that pointwhen the first yarn is exposed (see Fig. 2). To determine endpoint, the test must be stopped periodically so the specimen canbe inspected. The frequency of these inspections should bedetermined by the customer and supplier. For those materialswith a known number of expected abr
31、asion cycles, inspect thespecimen after completing 80 % of the expected abrasioncycles every 50, 25 or 10 revolutions as needed until the endpoint is reached.NOTE 3End point is defined as a visible spot where the coating hasworn away and the base fabric is exposed. Because of the difficulty instoppi
32、ng the test at the exact moment when this occurs, the size of theexposed base fabric may vary. The typical size ranges from 0.5 to 1.0mm2. Once this end point is reached, the test is terminated.8.8.3 Use of a lighted magnifying glass is suggested fordetermining first yarn exposure.8.9 Test no less t
33、han five specimens for each sample, unlessotherwise agreed upon in 6.1.8.10 At the conclusion of each test, remove any debris lefton the specimen surface using a soft-bristle brush or com-pressed air.8.11 Record the number of cycles and determine the mass ofthe specimen or the assembly, to the neare
34、st 1 mg.8.12 Using a clean cloth wipe the rubber mat after each test.9. Calculation9.1 Use the following formula to determine mass loss foreach specimen:Mass loss per revolution mg! 5A B!31000C(1)where:A = original mass of test specimen before abrasion, gB = final mass of test specimen after abrasio
35、n, gC = number of abrasion cycles recordedExample:12.3596 Original Mass, g12.2829 Final Mass, g0.0767 Mass Loss, g for 500 revolutionsg 50.0767 3 1000 mg/g5005 0.153 mg per revolution9.2 Average the test results.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Test conditions,10.1.2 Number of
36、specimens tested,10.1.3 Type of wheels,10.1.4 Vertical force used,10.1.5 Mass loss per revolutions, mg, and10.1.6 Total revolutions or cycles until first yarn exposureoccurred.TABLE 1 Mass Loss (grams)Sample AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitRepr
37、oducibilityLimitx SrSRrRMaterial A 0.2285 0.0317 0.0515 0.0888 0.1443Material B 0.0718 0.0130 0.0214 0.0365 0.0600Material C 0.0743 0.0139 0.0230 0.0389 0.0645Material D 0.0503 0.0243 0.0270 0.0680 0.0755AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 2 Loss Per Revolution (grams)Sample A
38、verageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx SrSRrRMaterial A 0.2113 0.0390 0.0573 0.1091 0.1604Material B 0.4414 0.1144 0.1471 0.3202 0.4120Material C 0.6171 0.1377 0.1764 0.3857 0.4940Material D 0.6827 0.4099 0.4403 1.1477 1.2328AThe
39、average of the laboratories calculated averages.TABLE 3 Cycles to FailureSample AverageARepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx SrSRrRMaterial A 1124.2 184.2 294.4 515.9 824.3Material B 170.8 39.0 55.2 109.3 154.7Material C 131.5 51.3 68.
40、8 143.5 192.5Material D 83.9 25.4 33.0 71.2 92.5AThe average of the laboratories calculated averages.D3389 10311. Precision and Bias411.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study conducted in 2009. Nine laboratoriesparticipated in this study. Each of the labs was asked t
41、o reportseven replicate test results for three different analyses, on atotal of four materials. Every “test result” reported represents asingle determination or measurement. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data.11.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithi
42、n one laboratory shall be judged not equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r” is theinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaborato
43、ry.11.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are listed in Tables 1-3.11.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,
44、obtained by different operators using different equipment indifferent laboratories.11.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Tables 1-3.11.1.3 The above terms (repeatability limit and reproduc-ibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177.11.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with the statem
45、ents in11.1.1 and 11.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probabilityof being correct.11.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determining the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.11.3 The precision statement was determin
46、ed through sta-tistical examination of 692 results, from nine laboratories,reporting up to seven replicate analyses, on a total of fourdifferent materials, which were described as:Material A: PVC Coated PolyesterMaterial B: PVC Coated PolyesterMaterial C: Vinyl Coated PolyesterMaterial D: Vinyl Coat
47、ed PolyesterTo judge the equivalency of two test results, it is recommendedto choose the material closest in characteristics to the testspecimen.12. Keywords12.1 abrasion; coated fabrics; mass loss; plastics; rubberASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights ass
48、erted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time b
49、y the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stan
