1、Designation: D3402/D3402M 93 (Reapproved 2008)D3402/D3402M 16Standard Test Method forTumbler Test for Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by
3、impactand abrasion.1.2 Standard ProcedureThis procedure uses a coke sample sized to 75 mm 3 in. and + 50 mm + 2 in.1.3 Alternative ProcedureThis procedure using coke sized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm 212 by 2 in. and 50 % of 50 by 37.5 mm37.5 mm 2 by 112 in.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-p
4、ound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport
5、 to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D294 Met
6、hod of Test for Tumbler Test for CokeCoke; Replaced by D 3402 (Withdrawn 1975)3D346D346/D346M Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory AnalysisE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of dry coke of designate
7、d size is tumbled in a rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number ofrevolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the cokeafter treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real difference in th
8、e stability factor as determined by the standard andalternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the standardprocedure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transpo
9、rtation, and its decent within a blastfurnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measureof the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.5. Apparatus5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)The tum
10、bler machine consisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm 36 in. in insidediameter and 455 mm 18 in. in inside width and made of plate at least 6 mm 14 in. thick. The machine may be constructed asa double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicate coke samples may be tested at the same time.
11、Two equally spaced50 by 50 by 6-mm 6 mm 2 by 2 by 14-in. in. steel angles extending across the width of each drum are solidly fastened inside1 This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Pro
12、pertiesof Coal and Coke.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published February 2009April 2016. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 asD3402 93D3402/D3402M 93(2001).(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-93R08. 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-16.2 For referencedASTM
13、 standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
14、on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users c
15、onsult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1each drum as shown. These angles
16、 are fastened to the shell so that the attached legs point away from the direction of rotation, thusgiving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting the coke.At least one door must be provided in each drum for charging and dischargingthe coke sample. This door preferably should extend nearly across the
17、 width of each drum. As an alternative, a door in the sideof the drum is permissible. During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shell and must fit into the shell in order to havea smooth continuous inner surface. A dust-tight gasket must be provided to prevent loss of the abraded fine
18、s during the test. Toprovide for rotation, the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm 112 in. in diameter by means of flanges welded or boltedto the ends of the drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable that the apparatus be fitted with a revolution counter andpreferably be equipped
19、 with an automatic device to stop the drum after the specified number of revolutions (1400). The tumblerdrum must be replaced when the wear reduced the thickness to 3 mm 18 in. in any area. The lift angles must be replaced whenthey wear to less than 48 mm 178 in.5.2 Sieves, for sieving the coke befo
20、re and after the tumbler test. Square-mesh sieves having 75-mm 3-in., 63-mm 75 mm 3in., 63 mm 212-in., 50-mm 2-in., 37.5-mm in., 50 mm 2 in., 37.5 mm 112-in., 25-mm 1-in., and 63-mm in., 25 mm 1in., and 63 mm 14-in. in. actual openings between the wires to be used. The sieves shall conform to Specif
21、ication E11.NOTE 1Users attention is called to the fact that yields of certain sizes that determine the stability and hardness factors of 75 by 50-mm 50 mm 3by 2-in. 2 in. coke cannot be compared directly with results obtained by using sieves as specified prior to the 1950 revision of Method D294 (p
22、redecessorof D3402/D3402MD3402).). The stability factor (percent remaining on 25-mm 1-in. 25 mm 1 in. sieve after tumbling) will be slightly higher thancomparable previous results using the formerly specified 26.5-mm 1.06-in. 26.5 mm 1.06 in. sieve.5.3 Weighing Scale, capable of weighing 11 kg 25 lb
23、, sensitive to 0.025 kg 0.05 lb.6. Sampling6.1 The gross sample of coke shall be collected in accordance with SpecificationPractice D346D346/D346M.6.2 For the standard procedure, the quantity must be sufficient to obtain approximately 34 kg 75 lb of coke passing a 75-mm3-in. 75 mm 3 in. and retained
24、 on a 50-mm 2-in. 50 mm 2 in. square-mesh sieve.6.3 For the alternative procedure sample, the quantity must be sufficient to obtain approximately 17 kg 38 lb of coke passinga 63-mm 63 mm 212-in. in. and retained on a 25-mm 1-in. 25 mm 1 in. square-mesh sieve and 17 kg 38 lb of coke passinga 50-mm 2-
25、in. 50 mm 2 in. and retained on a 37.5-mm 37.5 mm 112-in. in. square-mesh sieve.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Size the standard procedure sample on 75-mm 3-in. and 50-mm 2-in. 75 mm 3 in. and 50 mm 2 in. square-meshsieves, without crushing the larger pieces, in order to obtain a sample that will pass
26、the 75-mm 75 mm 3 in. sieve and be retainedon the 50-mm 50 mm 2 in. sieve. In sizing the sample, hand place to determine whether in any position a piece of coke passesFIG. 1 Tumbler Test ApparatusD3402/D3402M 162the sieve. If it is necessary to crush large coke ( +75 mm or +3 in.) in order to obtain
27、 sufficient coke for testing it so note in thereport. Dry the coke to less than 1 % moisture.7.2 Size the alternate procedure sample by the same procedure as described in 7.1 but obtain two fractions, 63 by 50 mm 212by 2 in. and 50 by 37.5 mm 2 by 112 in.8. Procedure8.1 Accurately weigh to the neare
28、st 0.025 kg 0.05 lb, 10 6 0.25 kg 22 6 0.5 lb of the dried coke sample that has been sizedin accordance with 7.1 or 5 6 0.25 kg 116 11 6 0.5 lb of each of the sizes prepared in 7.2. Place the weighed sample in thedrum of the tumbler machine. Rigidly fasten the cover and rotate the drum at 2461 rpm u
29、nder load for a total of 1400 revolutions.8.2 Remove all of the coke from the drum and sieve it using a 25-mm 1-in. 25 mm 1 in. square-mesh sieve and a 6.3-mm6.3 mm 14-in. in. square-mesh sieve. Shake the coke vigorously on the sieve in order to up-end the pieces until practically nomore coke will p
30、ass through the openings (Note 2). Weigh the coke remaining on each of the sieves and the coke that passesthrough the 6.3-mm 6.3 mm sieve.TABLE 1 Limits for Repeatability (r) and Reproducibility (R) for the Hardness and Stability Factors of Cokeusing the Standard Preparation Procedure (75 by 50 mm S
31、ize Coke)Units = mass fraction, %Parameter Range Repeatability Limit (r) Reproducibility Limit (R)Hardness Factor 43.6 to 70.5 1.7 3.4Stability Factor 43.4 to 65.0 2.2 4.5D3402/D3402M 163NOTE 2Mechanical sieving may be used providing it has been established that the method gives the same results as
32、hand sieving.8.3 If the loss in weight in any one test exceeds 0.07 kg 0.15 lb, reject that test.9. Number of Tests9.1 Conduct at least two tests on each coke sample.9.2 If the difference between the weights of coke retained on either the 25 or 6.3-mm 1 orin stability factor or hardness factorbetwee
33、n 14-in. sieve exceeds 0.20 kg 0.45 lb, or 2.0 units in the cumulative percentage on each sieve in the two tests, two testsfor a sample exceed the repeatability limits listed in the Precision and Bias Statement, make at least one additional test and reportthe mean value of all tests.test results.10.
34、 Calculations10.1 Calculate the stability factor to the nearest 0.1 % the percentage of coke remaining on the 25 mm 1 in. sieve for eachtest as follows:Stability Factor,%5W2/W13100 (1)where:W1 = total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatus as described in 8.1.W2 = weight of coke retained on
35、25 mm 1 in. sieve after tumbling as described in 8.2.10.2 Calculate hardness factor to the nearest 0.1 % the cumulative percentage of coke remaining on the 6.3 mm 14 in. in.sieve for each test as follows:Hardness Factor,%5W3/W13100 (2)where:W1 = total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatus a
36、s described in 8.1.W3 = cumulative weight of coke retained on 6.3 mm 14 in. sieve after tumbling as described in 8.2.11. Report11.1 Report the average results for the stability factor and the hardness factor.11.2 Specify which procedure (standard or alternative) was used to determine the stability a
37、nd hardness factors.12. Precision and Bias12.1 RepeatabilityThe precision (repeatability) of this test method is being investigated by a task group. At this time, thesevalues have not been determined.412.1 ReproducibilityPrecisionNo precision statement (reproducibility) has been determined for The r
38、elative precision ofthis test method because for test results of the impracticality of obtaining, transporting, hardness and stability factors of cokefollowing the standard preparation procedure (75 by 50 mm size coke) is shown in Table 1. The precision characterized by therepeatability (Srand handl
39、ing representative, r) and reproducibility (SR splits of the materials , R) are described in Tables A1.1 andA1.2the quantities that would be needed to establish the precision statement12.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)The value, below which the absolute difference between two single tests, carried out i
40、n the samelaboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on samples taken at random from a single quantity of 75 by 50 mm sizecoke, may be expected to occur with a probability of approximately 95 %.12.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)The value, below which the absolute difference between two r
41、eported test results carried outin different laboratories on samples taken at random from a single quantity of 75 by 50 mm size coke, may be expected to occurwith a probability of approximately 95 %.12.2 BiasThe lack of a reference material precludes a bias statement.12.3 The information in Table 1
42、and Tables A1.1 and A1.2 was calculated using data from a commercially availableinter-laboratory proficiency test program.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion; coke; degradation; hardness; impact stability; tumbler4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by reque
43、sting Research Report RR:D05-1047.D3402/D3402M 164ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. PRECISION EXAMPLEA1.1 The precision of this test method, characterized by repeatability (Sr, r) and reproducibility (SR, R) has been determined forthe following coke samples as listed in Tables A1.1 and A1.2.A1.2 Examp
44、le: RepeatabilityA1.2.1 Two single tests for coke stability factor within the same laboratory under repeatability conditions gave values of 63.4 %and 62.7 %. The repeatability interval I(r) is 2.2 %. The difference between the two values is 0.7 % and does not exceed the I(r)of 2.2 %. Therefore, thes
45、e two values are acceptable at the 95 % confidence level and their average should be reported.A1.3 Example: ReproducibilityA1.3.1 One laboratory reported a coke stability factor of 65.2 % and a different laboratory reported 59.5 %. The reproducibilityinterval I(R) is 4.5 % and the difference between
46、 the two values is 5.7 %. Since this difference is greater than the I(r) of 4.5 % thesetwo values are not acceptable at the 95 % confidence level. Therefore, each of the laboratories should obtain an additional testresult for comparison.55 ISO 5725-6: 1994 Accuracy of measurement methods and results
47、 Part 6: Use in practice of accuracy values.TABLE A1.1 Repeatability (Sr, r) and Reproducibility (SR, R) Parameters used for Calculation of Precision Statementfor Coke Hardness Factor using the Standard Preparation Procedure (75 by 50 mm Size Coke)Units = mass fraction, %Material Average Sr SR r RTT
48、0005 69.7 0.58 1.23 1.63 3.46TT0006 68.4 0.33 1.13 0.92 3.15TT0007 67.2 0.59 2.70 1.65 7.55TT0008 68.2 0.47 0.96 1.31 2.69TT0009 68.0 0.29 1.05 0.82 2.94TT0010 68.5 0.71 0.71 1.99 1.99TT0011 68.2 0.58 1.10 1.62 3.08TT0012 68.6 0.48 0.77 1.34 2.17TT0013 68.4 1.30 1.72 3.63 4.80TT0014 69.6 0.62 1.04 1
49、.73 2.91TT0015 43.6 0.31 1.17 0.86 3.28TT0016 69.3 0.64 0.89 1.80 2.50TT0017 69.3 0.63 1.50 1.75 4.20TT0018 69.4 0.59 1.11 1.66 3.11TT0019 69.0 0.44 1.37 1.23 3.85TT0020 68.7 0.52 1.13 1.45 3.17TT0021 67.1 0.80 0.96 2.25 2.68TT0022 70.5 0.97 1.54 2.72 4.32TT0023 69.0 0.68 0.84 1.91 2.34TT0024 68.8 0.44 0.89 1.23 2.50TT0025 69.7 0.58 0.79 1.62 2.21TT0026 70.0 0.60 0.94 1.68 2.64TT0027 69.0 0.52 1.45 1.46
