1、Designation: D 3402 93 (Reapproved 2001)Standard Test Method forTumbler Test for Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining arelative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke byimpact and abrasion.1.2 Stan
3、dard ProcedureThis procedure uses a cokesample sized to 75 mm (3 in.) and + 50 mm ( + 2 in.).1.3 Alternative ProcedureThis procedure using cokesized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm (212 by 2 in.) and 50 % of 50 by37.5 mm (2 by 112 in.).1.4 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded asstandard. Inch-pound u
4、nits shall be accepted on an equivalentbasis.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regula
5、tory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 293 Test Method for the Sieve Analysis of Coke2D 294 Tumbler Test for Coke3D 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory Analysis2D 4621 Guide for Quality Mangament in an Organizationthat Samples
6、or Tests Coal and CokeE 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-poses4E 323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for TestingPurposes23. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in arotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified numbe
7、rof revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factorand the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of thecoke after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no realdifference in the stability factor as determined by the standardand alternative procedures. The alternat
8、ive procedure produceshardness factor results averaging slightly higher than thestandard procedure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation duringremoval from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent withina blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subj
9、ectthe coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relativemeasure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjectedto these degradation processes.5. Apparatus5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)The tumbler machineconsisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm (36 in.) in insidediameter and 455
10、 mm (18 in.) in inside width and made of plateat least 6 mm (14 in.) thick. The machine may be constructedas a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicatecoke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equallyspaced 50 by 50 by 6-mm (2 by 2 by14-in. ) steel anglesextending across the wi
11、dth of each drum are solidly fastenedinside each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to theshell so that the attached legs point away from the direction ofrotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting thecoke. At least one door must be provided in each drum forcharging and discha
12、rging the coke sample. This door prefer-ably should extend nearly across the width of each drum. As analternative, a door in the side of the drum is permissible.During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shelland must fit into the shell in order to have a smooth continuousinner surface
13、. A dust-tight gasket must be provided to preventloss of the abraded fines during the test. To provide for rotation,the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm (112 in.) indiameter by means of flanges welded or bolted to the ends ofthe drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable thatth
14、e apparatus be fitted with a revolution counter and preferablybe equipped with an automatic device to stop the drum after thespecified number of revolutions (1400). The tumbler drummust be replaced when the wear reduced the thickness to 3 mm1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
15、ee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Plasticity andSwelling of Coal.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 1993. Published March 1993. Originallypublished as D 3402 75. Last previous edition D 3402 81.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.3Discontinued: se
16、e 1976 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 26.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(18 in.) in any area. The lift angles must be replaced when theywear to less than 48 mm (178 in.)
17、.5.2 Sieves, for sieving the coke before and after the tumblertest. Square-mesh sieves having 75-mm (3-in.), 63-mm (212-in.), 50-mm (2-in.), 37.5-mm (112-in.), 25-mm (1-in.), and63-mm (14-in.) actual openings between the wires to be used.The sieves shall conform to Specification E 11.NOTE 1Users att
18、ention is called to the fact that yields of certain sizesthat determine the stability and hardness factors of 75 by 50-mm (3 by2-in.) coke cannot be compared directly with results obtained by usingsieves as specified prior to the 1950 revision of Method D 294 (predeces-sor of D3402). The stability f
19、actor (percent remaining on 25-mm (1-in.)sieve after tumbling) will be slightly higher than comparable previousresults using the formerly specified 26.5-mm (1.06-in.) sieve.5.3 Weighing Scale, capable of weighing 11 kg (25 lb),sensitive to 0.025 kg (0.05 lb).6. Sampling6.1 The gross sample of coke s
20、hall be collected in accor-dance with Specification D 346.6.2 For the standard procedure, the quantity must be suffi-cient to obtain approximately 34 kg (75 lb) of coke passing a75-mm (3-in.) and retained on a 50-mm (2-in.) square-meshsieve.6.3 For the alternative procedure sample, the quantity must
21、be sufficient to obtain approximately 17 kg (38 lb) of cokepassing a 63-mm (212-in.) and retained on a 25-mm (1-in.)square-mesh sieve and 17 kg (38 lb) of coke passing a 50-mm(2-in.) and retained on a 37.5-mm (112-in.) square-mesh sieve.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Size the standard procedure sample
22、on 75-mm (3-in.)and 50-mm (2-in.) square-mesh sieves, without crushing thelarger pieces, in order to obtain a sample that will pass the75-mm sieve and be retained on the 50-mm sieve. In sizing thesample, hand place to determine whether in any position apiece of coke passes the sieve. If it is necess
23、ary to crush largecoke ( +75 mm or +3 in.) in order to obtain sufficient coke fortesting it so note in the report. Dry the coke to less than 1 %moisture.7.2 Size the alternate procedure sample by the same proce-dure as described in 7.1 but obtain two fractions, 63 by 50 mm(212 by 2 in.) and 50 by 37
24、.5 mm (2 by 112 in.).8. Procedure8.1 Accurately weigh to the nearest 0.025 kg (0.05 lb), 10 60.25 kg (22 6 0.5 lb) of the dried coke sample that has beensized in accordance with 7.1 or 5 6 0.25 kg (116 0.5 lb) ofeach of the sizes prepared in 7.2. Place the weighed sample inthe drum of the tumbler ma
25、chine. Rigidly fasten the cover androtate the drum at 24 6 1 rpm under load for a total of 1400revolutions.8.2 Remove all of the coke from the drum and sieve it usinga 25-mm (1-in.) square-mesh sieve and a 6.3-mm (14-in.)square-mesh sieve. Shake the coke vigorously on the sieve inorder to up-end the
26、 pieces until practically no more coke willpass through the openings (Note 2). Weigh the coke remainingon each of the sieves and the coke that passes through the6.3-mm sieve.NOTE 2Mechanical sieving may be used providing it has beenestablished that the method gives the same results as hand sieving.8
27、.3 If the loss in weight in any one test exceeds 0.07 kg(0.15 lb), reject that test.FIG. 1 Tumbler Test ApparatusD 340229. Number of Tests9.1 Conduct at least two tests on each coke sample.9.2 If the difference between the weights of coke retained oneither the 25 or 6.3-mm (1 or14-in.) sieve exceeds
28、 0.20 kg(0.45 lb), or 2.0 units in the cumulative percentage on eachsieve in the two tests, make at least one additional test andreport the mean value of all tests.10. Calculations10.1 Calculate the stability factor to the nearest 0.1 % thepercentage of coke remaining on the 25 mm (1 in.) sieve fore
29、ach test as follows:Stability Factor, % 5 W2/W13 100where:W1= total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatusas described in 8.1.W2= weight of coke retained on 25 mm (1 in.) sieve aftertumbling as described in 8.2.10.2 Calculate hardness factor to the nearest 0.1 % thecumulative percentage of c
30、oke remaining on the 6.3 mm (14in.) sieve for each test as follows:Hardness Factor, % 5 W3/W13 100where:W1= total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatusas described in 8.1.W3= cumulative weight of coke retained on 6.3 mm (14in.)sieve after tumbling as described in 8.2.11. Report11.1 Report t
31、he average results for the stability factor andthe hardness factor.11.2 Specify which procedure (standard or alternative) wasused to determine the stability and hardness factors.12. Precision and Bias12.1 RepeatabilityThe precision (repeatability) of this testmethod is being investigated by a task g
32、roup. At this time,these values have not been determined.12.2 ReproducibilityNo precision statement (reproduc-ibility) has been determined for this test method because of theimpracticality of obtaining, transporting, and handling repre-sentative splits of the materials in the quantities that would b
33、eneeded to establish the precision statement.12.3 BiasThe lack of a reference material precludes a biasstatement.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion; coke; degradation; hardness; impact stability;tumblerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wi
34、th any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tech
35、nical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat
36、ion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
37、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 34023
