1、Designation: D 3402/D 3402M 93 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forTumbler Test for Coke1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3402/D 3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining arelative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke byimpact and ab
3、rasion.1.2 Standard ProcedureThis procedure uses a cokesample sized to 75 mm 3 in. and + 50 mm + 2 in.1.3 Alternative ProcedureThis procedure using cokesized 50 % of 63 by 50 mm 212 by 2 in. and 50 % of 50 by37.5 mm 2 by 112 in.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be re
4、garded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesaf
5、ety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 294 Method of Test for Tumbler
6、 Test for CokeD 346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples for Laboratory AnalysisE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in arotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specifi
7、ed numberof revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factorand the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of thecoke after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no realdifference in the stability factor as determined by the standardand alternative procedures. The
8、alternative procedure produceshardness factor results averaging slightly higher than thestandard procedure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation duringremoval from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent withina blast furnace to the combustion zone. These proces
9、ses subjectthe coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relativemeasure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjectedto these degradation processes.5. Apparatus5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)The tumbler machineconsisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm 36 in. in insidediameter a
10、nd 455 mm 18 in. in inside width and made of plateat least 6 mm 14 in. thick. The machine may be constructedas a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that duplicatecoke samples may be tested at the same time. Two equallyspaced 50 by 50 by 6-mm 2 by 2 by14-in. steel anglesextending across the wid
11、th of each drum are solidly fastenedinside each drum as shown. These angles are fastened to theshell so that the attached legs point away from the direction ofrotation, thus giving a clear unobstructed shelf for lifting thecoke. At least one door must be provided in each drum forcharging and dischar
12、ging the coke sample. This door prefer-ably should extend nearly across the width of each drum.As analternative, a door in the side of the drum is permissible.During the test the door must be fastened rigidly to the shelland must fit into the shell in order to have a smooth continuousinner surface.
13、A dust-tight gasket must be provided to preventloss of the abraded fines during the test. To provide for rotation,the drum is mounted on stub axles about 37.5 mm 112 in. indiameter by means of flanges welded or bolted to the ends ofthe drum providing smooth inner surfaces. It is desirable thatthe ap
14、paratus be fitted with a revolution counter and preferablybe equipped with an automatic device to stop the drum after thespecified number of revolutions (1400). The tumbler drummust be replaced when the wear reduced the thickness to 3 mm18 in. in any area. The lift angles must be replaced when theyw
15、ear to less than 48 mm 178 in.5.2 Sieves, for sieving the coke before and after the tumblertest. Square-mesh sieves having 75-mm 3-in., 63-mm 212-in., 50-mm 2-in., 37.5-mm 112-in., 25-mm 1-in., and63-mm 14-in. actual openings between the wires to be used.The sieves shall conform to Specification E11
16、.NOTE 1Users attention is called to the fact that yields of certain sizesthat determine the stability and hardness factors of 75 by 50-mm 3 by1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coaland Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on MetallurgicalProp
17、erties of Coal and Coke.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3402 93(2001).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2-in. coke
18、cannot be compared directly with results obtained by usingsieves as specified prior to the 1950 revision of Method D 294 (predeces-sor of D3402). The stability factor (percent remaining on 25-mm 1-in.sieve after tumbling) will be slightly higher than comparable previousresults using the formerly spe
19、cified 26.5-mm 1.06-in. sieve.5.3 Weighing Scale, capable of weighing 11 kg 25 lb,sensitive to 0.025 kg 0.05 lb.6. Sampling6.1 The gross sample of coke shall be collected in accor-dance with Specification D 346.6.2 For the standard procedure, the quantity must be suffi-cient to obtain approximately
20、34 kg 75 lb of coke passing a75-mm 3-in. and retained on a 50-mm 2-in. square-meshsieve.6.3 For the alternative procedure sample, the quantity mustbe sufficient to obtain approximately 17 kg 38 lb of cokepassing a 63-mm 212-in. and retained on a 25-mm 1-in.square-mesh sieve and 17 kg 38 lb of coke p
21、assing a 50-mm2-in. and retained on a 37.5-mm 112-in. square-mesh sieve.7. Preparation of Sample7.1 Size the standard procedure sample on 75-mm 3-in.and 50-mm 2-in. square-mesh sieves, without crushing thelarger pieces, in order to obtain a sample that will pass the75-mm sieve and be retained on the
22、 50-mm sieve. In sizing thesample, hand place to determine whether in any position apiece of coke passes the sieve. If it is necessary to crush largecoke ( +75 mm or +3 in.) in order to obtain sufficient coke fortesting it so note in the report. Dry the coke to less than 1 %moisture.7.2 Size the alt
23、ernate procedure sample by the same proce-dure as described in 7.1 but obtain two fractions, 63 by 50 mm212 by 2 in. and 50 by 37.5 mm 2 by 112 in.8. Procedure8.1 Accurately weigh to the nearest 0.025 kg 0.05 lb, 10 60.25 kg 22 6 0.5 lb of the dried coke sample that has beensized in accordance with
24、7.1 or 5 6 0.25 kg 116 0.5 lb ofeach of the sizes prepared in 7.2. Place the weighed sample inthe drum of the tumbler machine. Rigidly fasten the cover androtate the drum at 24 6 1 rpm under load for a total of 1400revolutions.8.2 Remove all of the coke from the drum and sieve it usinga 25-mm 1-in.
25、square-mesh sieve and a 6.3-mm 14-in.square-mesh sieve. Shake the coke vigorously on the sieve inorder to up-end the pieces until practically no more coke willpass through the openings (Note 2). Weigh the coke remainingon each of the sieves and the coke that passes through the6.3-mm sieve.NOTE 2Mech
26、anical sieving may be used providing it has beenestablished that the method gives the same results as hand sieving.8.3 If the loss in weight in any one test exceeds 0.07 kg0.15 lb, reject that test.9. Number of Tests9.1 Conduct at least two tests on each coke sample.9.2 If the difference between the
27、 weights of coke retained oneither the 25 or 6.3-mm 1 or14-in. sieve exceeds 0.20 kg0.45 lb, or 2.0 units in the cumulative percentage on eachsieve in the two tests, make at least one additional test andreport the mean value of all tests.FIG. 1 Tumbler Test ApparatusD 3402/D 3402M 93 (2008)210. Calc
28、ulations10.1 Calculate the stability factor to the nearest 0.1 % thepercentage of coke remaining on the 25 mm 1 in. sieve foreach test as follows:Stability Factor, % 5 W2/W13 100where:W1= total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatusas described in 8.1.W2= weight of coke retained on 25 mm 1 i
29、n. sieve aftertumbling as described in 8.2.10.2 Calculate hardness factor to the nearest 0.1 % thecumulative percentage of coke remaining on the 6.3 mm 14in. sieve for each test as follows:Hardness Factor, % 5 W3/W13 100where:W1= total weight of coke loaded to the tumbler apparatusas described in 8.
30、1.W3= cumulative weight of coke retained on 6.3 mm 14in. sieve after tumbling as described in 8.2.11. Report11.1 Report the average results for the stability factor andthe hardness factor.11.2 Specify which procedure (standard or alternative) wasused to determine the stability and hardness factors.1
31、2. Precision and Bias12.1 RepeatabilityThe precision (repeatability) of this testmethod is being investigated by a task group. At this time,these values have not been determined.12.2 ReproducibilityNo precision statement (reproduc-ibility) has been determined for this test method because of theimpra
32、cticality of obtaining, transporting, and handling repre-sentative splits of the materials in the quantities that would beneeded to establish the precision statement.12.3 BiasThe lack of a reference material precludes a biasstatement.13. Keywords13.1 abrasion; coke; degradation; hardness; impact sta
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36、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 3402/D 3402M 93 (2008)3
