1、山东大学考博英语模拟试卷 1及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Many paintings of the American Southwest convey a feeling of isolation and loneliness that mirrors the_landscape they depict. （ A） plentiful （ B） sprawling （ C） desolate （ D） important 2 The pharmaceutical company insisted that its testing of new dr
2、ugs was quite_, more rigorous than the industry standard. （ A） stringent （ B） dispersive （ C） conditional （ D） recessive 3 Military victories brought tributes to the Aztec empire and, concomitantly, made it_, for Aztecs increasingly lived off the vanquished. （ A） indecisive （ B） positive （ C） parasi
3、tic （ D） beneficent 4 With great efforts of the peace-loving people all over the world, Iraq_the war. （ A） survived from （ B） survived in （ C） survived （ D） survived to 5 Robb Armstrongs Jump Start fills a void in the cartoon industry, namely, a_of comic strips represent African Americans. （ A） floo
4、d （ B） revision （ C） dearth （ D） dispersal 6 The accident left Tom not so much incapacitated as_: he was left weak, but the doctors gave him reason to expect_. （ A） enfeebled. progression （ B） inconvenienced. deterioration （ C） frustrated. enervation （ D） debilitated. recovery 7 The animal has a bra
5、in which is nearest_ （ A） in mans size （ B） in size to man （ C） in size to mans （ D） to the size in man 8 His mouth stinging and burning, Virgil hurried to the kitchen for water to wash away the dishs _taste. （ A） earthy （ B） exotic （ C） cloying （ D） acrid 9 A researcher who described a peaceful reu
6、nion between normally adversarial chimpanzees as a_was criticized for inferring human motives. （ A） truce （ B） competition （ C） mischance （ D） coincidence 10 Very few adults boast that no one can understand a word they say, but quite a few seem proud of_handwriting. （ A） elegant （ B） stylized （ C） i
7、ndecipherable （ D） unusual 11 I found that the writers ideas were sufficiently_to make me bear with his_ language. （ A） intriguing. skill with （ B） interesting. abuses of （ C） humble. mastery of （ D） shallow. errors in 12 Although_, nearly self-effacing, in her personal affairs, the journalist displ
8、ays in her articles and columns an overriding_publicity and controversy. （ A） charismatic. fascination with （ B） monotonous. disdain for （ C） diffident. aversion toward （ D） retiring. penchant for 13 The works of Paraguayan artist Carlos Colombino are _: they include sculpture, painting, printmaking
9、, and architecture. （ A） distorted （ B） varied （ C） prominent （ D） instructive 14 The crafty child tricked his innocent brother, a particularly_and trusting boy, into committing a mischievous prank. （ A） guileless （ B） intrusive （ C） astute （ D） opportunistic 15 Writing in a straightforward as oppos
10、ed to_ style, the author produced_ argument that shed new light on a controversial topic. （ A） an intricate. a trivial （ B） a dead. a meaningless （ C） a convoluted. a lucid （ D） a candid. a poignant 16 The Prime Minister handled the crisis calmly and dispassionately, thereby enhancing his reputation
11、 for being_. （ A） cynical （ B） incorruptible （ C） partisan （ D） imperturbable 17 The countrys_ political freedom had been long and arduous, but eventually the_government was replaced by a true democracy. （ A） quest for. egalitarian （ B） struggle for. tyrannical （ C） demand for. judicious （ D） reject
12、ion of. strict 18 In the zany comedy series 1 Love Lucy, Lucille Balls exaggerated, clumsy antics displayed the comedians famous talent for_. （ A） slapstick （ B） celebration （ C） modesty （ D） tact 19 What had begun as good-natured teasing quickly gave way to _ as the lost hikers blamed one another f
13、or their predicament. （ A） supplications （ B） recriminations （ C） thinkings （ D） ranging 20 Mobility is one of the characteristics often _ executives, and they must accustom themselves to moving quite regularly. （ A） demanded of （ B） asked for （ C） expected from （ D） called for 21 A series of border
14、 incidents would_lead the two countries to war. （ A） inevitably （ B） consistently （ C） uniformly （ D） persistently 22 The eldest child is thoroughly_because they always give him whatever he wants. （ A） wasted （ B） spoiled （ C） destroyed （ D） uneducated 23 The residents, _had been damaged by the fire
15、, were given help by the Red Cross. （ A） all of their homes （ B） all their homes （ C） whose all homes （ D） all of whose homes 24 Tests have proved that caffeine affects the body by increasing the heart rate and rhythm, which_affects the circulatory system. （ A） in turn （ B） in return （ C） turn back
16、（ D） as a result 25 Zoologists hope to learn whether minor variations in the migration routes of certain animals are intentional or merely_. （ A） willful （ B） legendary （ C） accidental （ D） unbelievable 26 This decreases the device thickness and depletion voltage and _ reduces material quality requi
17、rements and cost of the detector material. （ A） consequently （ B） continuously （ C） consistently （ D） constantly 27 The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never be_ from my memory. （ A） ejected （ B） escaped （ C） erased （ D） omitted 28 Doctors are interested in
18、using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are _to heart attack. （ A） prone （ B） disposed （ C） infectious （ D） accessible 29 As we know, computers are used to store and_information efficiently. （ A） reclaim （ B） reconcile （ C） reassure （ D） retrieve 30 Freedom of expression is not n
19、ecessarily a_force: communities that encourage it often feel less threatened by social unrest than do those in which dissents_. （ A） revolutionary. promoted （ B） positive. prohibited （ C） successful. protested （ D） divisive. restricted 二、 Cloze 30 Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a sur
20、face by means of pigment, has been【 C1】 _practiced by humans for some 20, 000 years. Together with other activities【 C2】 _ritualistic in origin but have come to be designated as artistic(such as music or dance), painting was one of the earliest ways in which man【 C3】 _to express his own personality
21、and his【 C4】 _understanding of an existence beyond the material world.【 C5】 _music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction【 C6】 _the 15, 000-year-old cave murals of Lascaux some
22、examples【 C7】 _to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal qualities that【 C8】 _for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate. The major【 C9】 _examples of early painting anywhere in the world are fo
23、und in Western Europe and the former Soviet Union. But some 5, 000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed【 C10】 _to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions.【 C11】 _, Western shared a European cultural tradition the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later
24、, the countries of the New World. Western painting is in general distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human【 C12】 _, whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance【 C13】 _this traitor through a
25、【 C14】 _examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting【 C15】_the developing sciences of anatomy and optics. The first real【 C16】 _from figurative painting came with the growth of landscape painting in the 17th and 18t
26、h centuries. The landscape and figurative traditions developed together in the 19th century in an atmosphere that was increasingly【 C17】 _“painterly“ qualities of the【 C18】 _of light and color and the expressive qualities of paint handling. In the 20th century these interests【 C19】 _to the developme
27、nt of a third major tradition in Western painting, abstract painting, which sought to【 C20】 _and express the true nature of paint and painting through action and form. 31 【 C1】 （ A） continuously （ B） successively （ C） constantly （ D） continually 32 【 C2】 （ A） may have been （ B） that may have （ C） ma
28、y have （ D） that may have been 33 【 C3】 （ A） seek （ B） sought （ C） seek for （ D） sought for 34 【 C4】 （ A） emerging （ B） emergency （ C） merging （ D） merger 35 【 C5】 （ A） As （ B） Unlike （ C） Like （ D） Since 36 【 C6】 （ A） from （ B） to （ C） into （ D） for 37 【 C7】 （ A） ratify （ B） testify （ C） certify （
29、D） gratify 38 【 C8】 （ A） make easy （ B） make it easy （ C） make hard （ D） make it hard 39 【 C9】 （ A） extinct （ B） extent （ C） extant （ D） exterior 40 【 C10】 （ A） had shifted （ B） have shifted （ C） shifting （ D） shifted 41 【 C11】 （ A） Nevertheless （ B） Moreover （ C） However （ D） Therefore 42 【 C12】 （
30、A） figure （ B） shape （ C） shadow （ D） form 43 【 C13】 （ A） extracted （ B） extended （ C） extorted （ D） extruded 44 【 C14】 （ A） closing （ B） close （ C） closed （ D） closure 45 【 C15】 （ A） as （ B） for （ C） by （ D） to 46 【 C16】 （ A） break （ B） breakage （ C） breakdown （ D） breaking 47 【 C17】 （ A） concerned
31、 with （ B） concerning （ C） concerning with （ D） concerned for 48 【 C18】 （ A） reaction （ B） action （ C） interaction （ D） relation 49 【 C19】 （ A） distributed （ B） attributed （ C） contributed （ D） construed 50 【 C20】 （ A） discover （ B） uncover （ C） recover （ D） cover 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 In poli
32、tics, in the courts, even on the ubiquitous TV talk show, it is good form to pick an intellectual fight. People attack each other hurl insults, even and it counts as logical argument. I cannot understand it. It seems that our society favors a kind of ritualized aggression. Everywhere you look, in ne
33、wspapers and on television, issues are presented using the terminology of war and conflict. We hear of battles, duels and disputes. We see things in terms of winners and losers, victors and victims. The problem is societys unquestioning belief in the advantages of the debate as a way of solving disa
34、greements, even proving right from wrong. Our brainwashing begins early at school, when the brightest pupils are co-opted onto the debating system. They get there because they can think up a good argument to support their case. Once on the debate team, they learn that they earn bonus points for the
35、skill with which they verbally attack, or insult, the opposing team. They win if they can successfully convince the audience that they are right, even if the case they are arguing is clearly consensual. They do this by proving themselves to be stronger, brighter, more outrageous, even. The training
36、in this adversarial approach continues at our tertiary institutions. The standard way to present an academic paper, for instance, is to take up an opposing argument to something expressed by another academic. The paper must set out to prove the other person wrong. This is not at all the same thing a
37、s reading the original paper with an open mind and discovering that you disagree with it. The reverence for the adversarial approach spills over into all areas of life. Instead of answering their critics, politicians learn to sidestep negative comments and turn the point around to an attack on accus
38、ers. Defense lawyers argue the case for their clients even when they suspect they may be guilty. And ordinary people use the same tactics just listen to your teenager next time you pull him up for coming home late. You can be sure a stream of abuse will flow about your own time keeping, your irritat
39、ing habits, your history of bad parenting. Unfortunately, the smarter your kid, the better his or her argument against you will be. Youll be upset, but youll comfort yourself that those teenage monsters of yours will one day turn into mature, though adults who can look after themselves by which you
40、mean, of course, they will be able to argue their way out of sticky situations. Its not that you should never use angry words, or take up a position in opposition to someone or something. There are certainly times when one should take a stand, and in such cases strong words are quite appropriate; if
41、 you witness injustice, for instance, or feel passionately about anothers folly. Mockery so cruel when practiced on the innocent can be very useful in such situations. There is no better way to bring down a tyrant than to mock him mercilessly. What I dislike is the automatic assumption most people h
42、ave when it comes to disagreements: they should attack, abuse, preferably overpower their opponent, at whatever the cost. The approach is to so ingrained that “compromise“ has become a dirty word. We feel quality if we are conciliatory rather than confrontational. We have trained ourselves, or been
43、brainwashed into believing, that to be pleasant is a sign of weakness. But just think how easy it can be to persuade a “difficult“ person to be considerate of you or your wished when you are pleasant to them, and unthreatening. Give them a way out of a potentially aggressive situation without losing
44、 face, and they will oblige you willingly. Discuss a subject without taking an adversarial position and you will find the other person happy to explore the possibilities with you. I m prepared to bet on it. Youll get closer to the truth of the matter than you would by going to each other hammer and
45、tongs. 51 People have been brainwashed since early at school to believe that_. （ A） only those who are able to debate are intellectual （ B） debating is the best solution to disagreements （ C） the world is filled with war and conflict （ D） the adversarial training is necessary for everyone 52 The com
46、monly accepted way to write an academic paper is to_. （ A） prove right from wrong （ B） confront an existing theory （ C） discuss with an open mind （ D） find an untouched topic 53 The author thinks that harsh words are appropriate in the following situations EXCEPT （ A） when you see something unfair （
47、 B） when you are annoyed at someones extremely foolish behavior （ C） when you are enough with an arrogant person （ D） when you are in disagreement with your colleagues 54 The authors tone in this passage can be best described as_. （ A） objective （ B） formal （ C） critical （ D） ironic 55 What can be i
48、nferred from the passage? （ A） Kids are out of control because of their aggressive nature. （ B） Kids may become disobedient when parents appear aggressive. （ C） The wiser the kid is, the more successful debater he would be. （ D） Parents are sometimes too rigid with the way of teaching their children. 55 Eastern medicines are becoming more popular in the west, but few people realize how long the two cultures have exchanged ideas. Now an exhibition at the Science Museum in London explores how the two have interacted on medicine through the centuries. Called Ea
