1、Designation: D 3434 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMultiple-Cycle Accelerated Aging Test (Automatic Boil Test)for Exterior Wet Use Wood Adhesives1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for testing thedurability of wood
3、 adhesives that may be suitable for exterior(wet use) exposure conditions. The possible use of adhesivessuitable for evaluation includes, but is not limited to those usedfor laminating large members, manufacturing plywood, orfabricating wood joints such as finger or scarf joints. Thispractice is not
4、 suitable for interior type glues.2,31.2 The test does not evaluate for any biological effects.1.3 The test subjects specimens to a large number ofalternate boil/dry cycles.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided forinform
5、ation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. R
6、eferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D 906 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives inPlywood Type Construction in Shear by Tension LoadingD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 2339 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives inTwo-Ply Wood Construction in Shear by Tension LoadingD 4422 Test
7、 Method for Ash in Analysis of Petroleum CokeE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms in this test methodmay be found in Terminology D 907.4. Summary o
8、f Test Method4.1 The lumber is selected, adhesive obtained, and testspecimens prepared.4.2 The specimens are subjected to the required number ofboil/dry cycles.4.3 The specimens are withdrawn from the test at therequired periodic intervals.4.4 The designated number of specimens are tested intensile
9、shear at the end of the specified number of boil/drycycles.4.5 Plot shear strength, kPa (psi), or percent of wood failure,or both, versus the number of boil/dry cycles to which thespecimens have been subjected.4.6 The graph is compared for the test adhesives. Because ofthe variables occurring in woo
10、d, a known performance adhe-sive control should be run for each test set being evaluated.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended to differentiate between theexterior durability of two or more adhesives. At present, this isdone by comparing the adhesives as described in 4.5 and 4.6rat
11、her than by assigning absolute numerical values for dura-bility performance.5.2 The test method as described is for comparing potentiallong-term durability rather than for use as a quality controlprocedure. This makes it suitable for research, adhesive evalu-ation, process evaluation, and product de
12、sign. A modificationcould be made, that is, shorten the number of cycles used so thetest method would be suitable for quality control in productionmills. The results obtained for a particular adhesive can be usedto show how many cycles are required for a mill quality controltest of that adhesive.5.3
13、 The test method assumes that boil/dry cycling is anadequate and useful accelerated aging technique. Evaluation oflong-term durability of adhesives in wood joints under severeservice conditions, including extended exterior exposure, is acomplex field, and no entirely reliable short-term test is know
14、n1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.30 on WoodAdhesives.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2006. Published October 2006. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3434 00.2Wals
15、er and Colbeck, “Bond-Degrade Accelerating Machine Helps PredictBond Life,” Adhesives Age, Vol 10(11), November 1967, pp. 3335.3Kreibich and Freeman, “Development and Design of an Accelerated BoilMachine,” Forest Products Journal, Vol 18, No. 12, December 1968.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
16、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、 United States.to ensure that a new type of adhesive system will satisfactorilyresist all of the chemical, moisture, microorganism, and solventeffects that such severe service may involve. Except for effectsof microorganisms and other similar biological influences, thistest method has proven very us
18、eful for comparison purposes todistinguish between adhesive systems of different degree ofdurability to the usual temperature, moisture, and cyclicmoisture conditions. It has proven very useful to distinguishbetween bondlines, made with adhesives of proven chemicaland biological durability, that wer
19、e properly used in productionto resist the mechanical and moisture effects that such jointsmust withstand in severe service over extended periods ofexposure. It does not, in itself, assure that new types ofadhesives will always withstand actual exterior or other severeservice.6. Apparatus6.1 Due to
20、the large number of boil/dry cycles involved, anautomated piece of test equipment is required. A schematicdiagram of one system found suitable is shown in Fig. 1;aphotograph in Fig. 2. The equipment shown automatically boilsand dries the test specimens as required.6.2 A tensile shear tool is require
21、d such as described in TestMethod D 2339.7. Test Specimens7.1 Wood Substrate:7.1.1 For Lumber Laminating AdhesivesCondition thewood at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and a relative humidity of 50to 70 % (preferably 65 %) until a moisture content of 8 to 14 %(preferably 9 to 12 %) has been attained. Freshly s
22、urface bothsides of each lamination before bonding with 6.3 6 0.25-mm(0.25 6 0.01-in) thick lumber. Since adhesives join materialsby surface attachment, care must be taken to ensure a uniformreproducible surface representative of actual construction.Typical surfaces include sawed, planed, sanded, an
23、d skived.Detailed surface preparation procedures used must be includedin the report (see 10.1).7.1.1.1 Specimen moisture content (MC) conditions calledfor in this test method should be checked in accordance withTest Methods D 4442.7.1.2 For Plywood AdhesivesPrepare the test specimen inaccordance wit
24、h Test Method D 906.7.1.3 Miscellaneous SpecimensOther wood joints, such asfinger or scarf joints, or other wood-based materials, such asparticleboard, hardboard, or insulating board, may also beevaluated.7.2 AdhesiveStore the adhesive or its components at themanufacturers recommended conditions.7.3
25、 Bonding Procedure:7.3.1 It has been found convenient to fabricate large two-and three-ply blocks, which are subsequently cut into a numberof test specimens. A 140 by 140-mm (512 by 512-in) block willyield four specimens and one 140 by 200-mm (512 by 8-in)block will yield eight specimens.7.3.2 Mix a
26、nd apply the adhesive(s) to the surface(s) to bebonded in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Ifthe processes are being evaluated, prepare specimens reflectingthe limits of the typical process conditions.7.3.3 Age the large blocks for at least 1 week at 236 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and a relative
27、 humidity of 50 to 70 %(preferably 65 %) before cutting into the smaller test specimen.7.4 Test Specimen Fabrication:7.4.1 Fig. 3 shows the preferred test specimens and dimen-sions for lumber laminating adhesives. The same specimenscan be used with veneer when evaluating plywood adhesives.The two-pl
28、y specimen will be satisfactory when bondlineFIG. 1 Automatic Boil MachineD 3434 00 (2006)2FIG. 2 Automatic Boil MachineNOTE 1All laminations made with 6.3-mm (1/4 in.) Lumber.FIG. 3 Test SpecimensD 3434 00 (2006)3performance parallel to the grain is to be evaluated; thethree-ply specimen when cross
29、-grain bondline performance isto be evaluated.7.4.2 Cut large blocks into test specimens as shown in Fig.3. Exercise care in grooving the specimens to ensure that thecut extends to, but not beyond, the bondline as shown in Fig.3.7.4.3 Fig. 4 shows a suitable test specimen for evaluatingfinger joints
30、.7.4.4 Different specimen dimensions may be used for spe-cial applications but the boil/dry cycling time periods may haveto be modified to allow for complete wetting and drying.7.5 Number of Test Specimens:7.5.1 Ninety specimens are required for each adhesive,process variable, lay-up type, substrate
31、 material, etc., to beevaluated.7.5.2 Randomly divide each set of 90 specimens into ninegroups of ten each and sequentially number them for identifi-cation. (Depending upon the statistical accuracy desired, addi-tional specimens may be desired; see Practice E 122).7.5.3 Include twelve additional tes
32、t specimens for moisturecontent determinations during aging.8. Procedure8.1 Controls:8.1.1 Dry ControlsTest ten specimens dry in tensile shear(no cycling), using the apparatus indicated in 6.2. Record theultimate shear strength and percent wood failure. The drycontrol values obtained shall be at lea
33、st as high as therecommended values obtained by the adhesive manufacturer orthe normal values for that type of adhesive, or both.8.1.2 Wet ControlsSubmerge ten specimens for 3 days in23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) water. Position the specimens in sucha way that water can readily circulate around all sides of
34、 eachspecimen. Test wet in tensile shear in accordance with 8.1.1.Record the results.8.2 Accelerated Aging Cycles:8.2.1 Positioning of Test SpecimensPosition the testspecimens in the automatic cycling machine in such a way thatair or water can readily circulate around all sides of eachspecimen.8.2.2
35、 Cycle 1Submerge the specimens for 10 min inboiling water.8.2.3 All Following Cycles Consist of:8.2.3.1 Dry the specimens for 4 min with 23 6 2C (73.4 63.6F) circulating air at 1.74 6 0.29 m/s (300 6 50 ft/min).8.2.3.2 Dry the specimens for 57 min with 107 6 2C (2256 6F) circulating air at 1.74 6 0.
36、29 m/s (300 6 50 ft/min).8.2.3.3 Submerge the specimens for 10 min in boiling water.8.3 Shear Testing of Cycled Wet Specimens:8.3.1 Withdraw ten specimens from each set after exposureto 20, 40, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 cycles.8.3.2 Soak the specimens to be shear tested in 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) wa
37、ter until tested, this soak period not to exceed3 days.8.3.3 Test the wet specimens in tensile shear in accordancewith 8.1.1. Record the results.8.4 Withdraw two test specimens in the wet phase and twotest specimens in the dry phase after 20, 100, and 400 cyclesfor moisture content determinations. W
38、eigh the test specimensimmediately or wrap them in plastic film if they cannot beweighed immediately. Moisture content may be determined byMethod A of Test Methods D 4442 (see 7.1.1.1).8.5 Miscellaneous specimens described in 7.1.3 may requiremodifications in the test method and cycles used.9. Inter
39、pretation of Test Results9.1 Plot the ultimate shear strength or percent wood failure,or both, versus number of cycles including data obtained fromcontrols.9.2 Using the graphs obtained from 9.1, rank all adhesivesexamined, process variables studied, and substrates evaluated.10. Report10.1 The repor
40、t shall include, but not be limited to, thefollowing:10.2 Description of the materials used and preparation ofthe test specimens,10.3 Aging of bonded specimens prior to test,10.4 Indicate that tests were performed in accordance withthis test method and list deviations, and10.5 Prepare test results i
41、n graphical and tabular form.FIG. 4 Typical Finger Joint SpecimenD 3434 00 (2006)410.6 Include dry phase and wet phase moisture content dataas determined in 8.4.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Precision is made up of two parts: repeatability (withina laboratory) and reproducibility (between laboratories)
42、. Sinceonly one automatic boil machine exists it is not possible todetermine the reproducibility of this test method.11.1.1 The repeatability is dependent, in large part, upon theindividual test method used to determine the bond strength ofthe laminate. For example, Test Method D 906 for PlywoodAdhe
43、sives, or other test methods as appropriate for the specifictest specimen or joint configuration.11.2 This test method has no measure of bias since thestrength of the laminate and wood failure are defined by thetesting methods.12. Keywords12.1 adhesive; aging; boil test; multiple-cycle; wet; woodAST
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