1、Designation: D3438 10Standard Practice forSampling and Handling Naphthalene, Maleic Anhydride, andPhthalic Anhydride1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and han-dling naphthalene, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride
3、 invarious solid forms, and as liquids at elevated temperatures ina safe manner that represents and preserves quality.1.2 Any person sampling or handling these products shouldconsult the applicable Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) forspecific first aid instructions and information on the properequ
4、ipment to have available for use in the event of personalcontact or exposure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with it
5、s use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Sections 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E300 Pra
6、ctice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals2.2 Other Documents:OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and1910.120033. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is issued to provide information useful inestablishing sampling procedures. It is expected that thisinformation will only be utilized in conj
7、unction with anexisting health and safety program and consultation withappropriate MSDS. The information provided herein cannot beused as a substitute for expert safety and medical advice, butrather as a supplement to such advice.4. Description of Products (See Table 1)4.1 Phthalic anhydride is clas
8、sified as hazardous by theDepartment of Transportation as a corrosive material and istherefore subject to DOT regulations governing the transpor-tation of hazardous materials. Maleic anhydride and napthaleneare classified as hazardous by the Department of Transportationand are subject to DOT regulat
9、ions. Maleic anhydride has theclassification corrosive material, and naphthalene has theclassification flammable solid.4.1.1 These products are normally transported in severaltypes of containers, including cartons, barrels, bags, cans,metal and fiber drums, tank trucks, tank cars, and barges.5. Haza
10、rds5.1 HealthConsult current OSHA regulations and suppli-ers Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for allmaterials used in this practice.5.1.1 Aside from the risk of burns in sampling theseproducts when molten, and a possibility of dermatitis fromimpurities, particularly in crude grade
11、s, industrial use does notpresent a significant health hazard. However, ordinary sam-pling precautions must be observed to protect personnel fromcontact with molten material or excessive exposure to dusts orhigh concentrations of vapor.5.1.2 Precautions must be observed to protect personnelfrom exce
12、ssive inhalation of vapors and dust.NOTE 1For permissible exposure limits see OSHA Regulations,paragraph 1910.1000.5.2 Fire:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on AromaticHydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D16.08 on Handlin
13、g and Sampling Aromatic and Cyclic Hydrocarbons.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3438 07. DOI:10.1520/D3438-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
14、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.acce
15、ss.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2.1 These products in both the solid and liquid forms arecombustible, and introduce a potential fire hazar
16、d where theyare stored, handled, or used.5.2.2 Naphthalene, maleic and phthalic anhydride vapors ordust can form explosive mixtures with air.5.2.3 When molten naphthalene, at temperatures above110C, comes into contact with water, foaming or possibleexplosion may result.5.2.4 Dry chemicals, carbon di
17、oxide, and foam can all beused in fighting fires involving these materials.5.2.5 Maleic anhydride decomposes violently in the pres-ence of amines or alkali metals, especially at elevated tempera-tures.6. Protective Equipment6.1 Persons working with molten naphthalene, maleic, andphthalic anhydrides
18、should be well trained and should maintainsafe working conditions. They should read the appropriateMSDS in its entirety and consult appropriate local safetypersonnel if they have any questions or concerns.7. Safety Precautions7.1 Sampling operations of molten liquids should be per-formed only by car
19、efully instructed personnel.7.2 Exercise care to prevent spills and leaks. If they dooccur, only properly protected personnel should remain in thecontaminated area per instructions in the appropriate MSDS.7.3 All spill-related activities should comply with appli-cable EPA, OSHA, and local regulation
20、s and laws.7.4 Because of fire and explosion hazards, do not permitopen flames in the vicinity of tank carriers, other shippingcontainers, or storage tanks. Provide all electrical fixtures withvapor-proof globes and explosion-proof safety devices.Ground all containers and lines by an approved method
21、.Prohibit smoking in the area.7.5 Consult the appropriate MSDS for specific first aidinstructions and equipment to have available for use in theevent of personnel contact or exposure.8. Sampling Tank Cars8.1 Use brown 1-L bottles made of heat-resistant glass withscrew caps to collect samples of molt
22、en maleic anhydride andphthalic anhydride. Use metal 1-L cans with screw caps forsampling molten naphthalene.NOTE 2Caps must have aluminum foil liners.8.2 Install the can or glass bottle in a suitable weightedsampling harness, constructed in such a way that the top of thecontainer is held in an upri
23、ght position, when the apparatus islowered into the car.8.3 Obtain the sample through the open dome. Lower thecan or bottle in the weighted harness quickly to the bottom ofthe compartment, and raise it slowly at such a rate so that it isabout three fourths full as it emerges from the liquid.8.3.1 Re
24、move the sample apparatus carefully, taking carenot to strike it sharply against the tank car. As soon as thesampling container is removed from the harness, cap and wipeit off with a rag before the material solidifies on the threads.8.3.2 Label the sample container in accordance with OSHARegulations
25、 or other appropriate local regulations, or both, toindicate, as a minimum, the source of the sample, type ofmaterial, quantity, hazards, and the purpose of the sample.8.3.3 It should be emphasized that cleanliness and theabsence of moisture are absolutely essential to ensure that atruly representat
26、ive sample is obtained from the tank car. Thepractices recommended for Practice E300 should be observed.9. Sampling Metal Drums and Cans of Naphthalene9.1 Before heating the container of naphthalene, provide avent and protect the material from contamination. Melting thenaphthalene with dry heat is p
27、referred to avoid moisturecontamination.9.2 To ensure a representative sample, mix the contents ofthe container thoroughly by a suitable means.9.3 Sample the naphthalene as soon as possible after it ismelted and mixed. Collect the sample in tinned cans. Samplingmay be done either by dipping out port
28、ions or by means of aheated pipet.9.4 Label the sample container in accordance with 8.3.2.10. Sampling Solid Naphthalene (Chips, Flakes, Balls)10.1 Bulk Quantities:10.1.1 Take a representative sample, preferably from afalling naphthalene stream, using a straight-path sampler.Adjust sampler feed rate
29、, slot width, cutter speed, and fre-quency to collect 227 g of sample per 4540 kg of naphthalene.10.1.2 Melt the entire naphthalene sample and mix thor-oughly before analyzing.10.2 Bags (45.4 kg):10.2.1 Using a small thief 203 to 305 mm, remove about227 g of sample from 1 bag out of every 40 bags (1
30、814 kg) ofnaphthalene. Take the sample from the filling ear or, ifnecessary, by opening one corner of the bag. Place each samplein a plastic bag or brown glass jar labeled with properidentification in accordance with 8.3.2.10.2.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Melt the blend and
31、mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3 Drums (91 to 109 kg):10.3.1 Insert a thief into the center of the drum to thehalfway point and remove about 200 g of naphthalene. SampleTABLE 1 Typical Physical PropertiesProductMeltingPoint,CBoiling Point,CForms Flash Point, CExplosive Limit, %IgnitionTemperatur
32、e, CSpecific Gravity,20CLower HigherNaphthalene 80 218 (sublimes) flakes, balls, liquid, rods, tablets 78 0.9 5.9 526 1.15Maleic anhydride 53 200 (sublimes) rods, briquettes, liquid 101 1.4 7.1 470 1.43Phthalic anhydride 130 284 (sublimes) flakes, liquid 165 1.7 10.5 570 1.53D3438 1021 drum out of e
33、very 20 drums (1814 to 2268 kg). Place eachsample in a plastic bag or glass jar labeled with properidentification. Label the sample container in accordance with8.3.2.10.3.2 Make a composite blend from the individualsamples. Melt the blend and mix thoroughly before analyzing.10.3.3 Label the sample c
34、ontainer in accordance with 8.3.2.11. Sampling Solid Phthalic Anhydride and MaleicAnhydride11.1 For the purpose of this sampling procedure, a sampleunit is defined as 907 kg consisting of forty approximately22.7-kg bags, for phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride.These are usually shipped on a pall
35、et.11.2 It is recommended that 10 % of the shipment besampled, with a maximum of five sample units comprising acomposite sample.11.3 A maximum of five sample units may be compositedfor analysis with a minimum of 200 g taken from each sampleunit.11.4 Sample containers shall be brown glass bottles, fi
36、ttedwith aluminum foil-lined caps. Before use, clean and dry thebottles in a clean air convection-type oven.11.5 Nickel, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, orstainless steel-type scoops are recommended for takingsamples of product from the bags selected for sampling.11.6 Extreme care and good
37、 judgment are necessary toensure that the samples truly represent the product.11.7 Seal the opened bags with a suitable tape.11.8 Label the bottles in accordance with 8.3.2.12. Keywords12.1 maleic anhydride; naphthalene; phthalic andhydride;samplingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D16 has identified the
38、location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3438 - 07)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2010.)(1) Converted all units to SI units.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item
39、mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical commit
40、tee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a mee
41、ting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
42、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3438 103
