1、Designation: D 3453 07Standard Specification forFlexible Cellular MaterialsUrethane for Furniture andAutomotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1
3、. Scope*1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular urethane ma-terials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions,mattresses, and similar applications.1.2 This specification provides material and dimensionalrequirements and methods of tests for specific properties ofload bearing,
4、compression set, humid age resistance, poundingfatigue resistance, support factor and resilience.1.3 This specification includes references to governmentregulations for burning characteristics of flexible cellularmaterial used in specified applications.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be reg
5、arded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and deter
6、mine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD 3675 Test Method for Surface Flammability of FlexibleCellular
7、 Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source2.2 Other Documents:16CFR1632 (Previously DoC FF4-72), Standard for theFlammability of Mattresses3MVSS 302 DoT Motor Vehicle Safety Standard3DOT FederalAviation Regulation (FAR), Part 25.853, Para-graph (b), and Appendix F3Simplified Practice Recommendati
8、ons R2-62 BeddingProducts and Components (Mattresses, Springs, Bed-steads, and Cots)43. Classification3.1 This specification covers eight grades of flexible cellularmaterial that may be selected for use in accordance with loadbearing and general physical properties, Table 1; four gradesbased on poun
9、ding-fatigue properties, Table 2; three gradesbased on cushioning performance properties, Table 3.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 Any product represented as complying with this speci-fication shall meet all the requirements listed herein for itsparticular classification.5. Burning Characteristics5.1 Table 4
10、 lists applicable government regulations onburning characteristics of material used in specified applica-tions.6. Dimensions6.1 For Use as Mattress Inserts:6.1.1 SizesThe standard thickness and tolerance are speci-fied in Table 5. These sizes have been adopted for mattressinserts to coordinate the i
11、nsert with mattress ticking and otherbed constructions. The other dimensions are specified in Table7A of Simplified Practice Recommendations R2-62.6.1.2 For Use as Furniture Cushion InsertsThe allowabletolerances on dimensions of furniture cushion inserts shall beas shown in Table 6.7. Test Methods7
12、.1 The physical tests shall be in accordance with TestMethods D 3574.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published
13、 October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 3453 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum
14、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.4Available from the Clearing House for Federal Scientific and TechnicalInformation, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22151.1*A Summary of Changes section app
15、ears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Physical Requirements8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements forphysical properties prescribed in Tables 1-3.9. Inspection9.1 Inspection of
16、 the material shall be agreed upon inwriting by the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchasecontract.9.2 Testing for conformance to requirements shall be donein accordance with the appropriate sections of Test MethodsD 3574. The specific test methods in this reference to be usedfor each test
17、 shall be as listed in Tables 1-3, except as specifiedin 9.3. Burning tests in the reference are listed in Table 4.9.3 If a specimen 380 by 380 by 100 mm (15 by 15 by 4 in.)cannot be obtained, an appropriate size, as well as its corre-sponding indentation force deflection (IFD) value, shall beagreed
18、 upon between the purchaser and the seller. In thosecases where foams having thicknesses of 100 mm (4 in.) arenot available, the following reduced IFD values are suggested:Thickness 25 % IFD 65 % IFD75 mm (3 in.) 88 % 88 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD value50 mm (2 in.) 78 % 76 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD valu
19、e25 mm (1 in.) 68 % 62 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD valueIn all cases, the IFD tolerances specified in Table 1 shallapply. For example, a 50-mm (2-in.) thick Grade 120-N (12kg/27-lb) foam will have a 25 % IFD value of 94 6 14 N(21.06 3.0 lbf) = 80 to 108 N (18.0 to 24.0 lbf).9.3.1 If an IFD specimen cann
20、ot be obtained, an approxi-mation from the 50 % CFD in accordance with Test MethodsD 3574 to a 100-mm (4-in.) IFD can be made using thefollowing equation:IFD 5 CFD 3 A 1 B!IFD Deflection25 % 40 % 65 %A 1.397 2.382 5.32B 82.31 93.84 87.92This conversion may be useful in the carpet cushion,packaging,
21、and other specialties.10. Retest and Rejection10.1 If any failure occurs, the materials may be retested toestablish conformity in accordance with agreement betweenthe purchaser and the seller.11. Packaging, Marking, and Labeling11.1 PackagingThe material shall be packed in standardcommercial contain
22、ers, so constructed as to ensure acceptanceby common or other carriers for safe transportation at thelowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise specifiedin the contract or order.11.2 MarkingThe shipping container shall be markedwith the name, type, and quality of material in accordance w
23、iththe contract or order under which the shipment is made. Theshipping container shall also be marked with the name of themanufacturer and the contract or order number.TABLE 1 Specific Physical Properties of Flexible Cellular MaterialGrade Number25 % Indentation ForceDeflection (IFD) Values,AN (lbf)
24、Compression (comp)SetBAfter 90 %Deflection, % maxMoisture ResistanceNlbfCompression ForceDeflection Loss, % maxCompression SetBAfterDeflection, % max245 55 245 6 18 (55 6 4) 15 20 20196 44 196 6 18 (44 6 4) 15 20 20151 34 151 6 14 (34 6 3) 15 20 20120 27 120 6 14 (27 6 3) 15 20 2093 21 93 6 14 (21 6
25、 3) 15 20 2067 15 67 6 14 (15 6 3) 20 20 2540 9 40 6 14 (9 6 3) 25 3022 5 22 6 14 (5 6 3) 30 35Test method sectionsCB1 D J1,C J1,DSpecimen size,Dmm (in.) 380 3 380 3 100 50 3 50 3 25 50 3 50 3 25 50 3 50 3 25(15 3 15 3 4) (2 3 2 3 1) (2 3 2 3 1) (2 3 2 3 1)ATolerances have been established to provid
26、e for grade designations. Closer tolerances, when desirable for specific applications, may be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.BTo be expressed as a percent of the original thickness.CSee Section 7 for an explanation of the test methods referenced.DSee 9.3 when indicated specimen size
27、s are not available.TABLE 2 Pounding Fatigue Performance GradesGrade Description Applications40 % IFDA% Loss,maxAP Heavy-duty use transportationseating20BP Normal-duty use cushions,mattresses30CP Light-duty use arm rests,seat backs35DP Unclassified miscellaneouspadding40ASee Test Methods D 3574, Tes
28、t I3, Procedure B (80 000 cycles).TABLE 3 Cushioning Performance GradesAGradeNumberDescriptionSupportFactorBResilienceCNS Normal Support 1.8 min HS High Support 2.3 min HS-HR High Support-High Resilience2.4 min 55 % minAGrades also subject to specific physical properties in Table 1.B65 % / 25 % IFD;
29、 See Test Methods D 3574, Section 21 and Appendix X3.1.CBall Rebound; see Test Methods D 3574, Sections 6872.D345307211.3 LabelIn order that purchasers may identify productscomplying with all requirements of this specification, produc-ers choosing to produce such products in conformance withthis vol
30、untary specification may include a statement in con-junction with their name and address on labels, invoices, salesliterature, and the like. The following statement is suggested:11.3.1 “This product conforms to all the requirements forGrade , performance grade, established in ASTM StandardSpecificat
31、ion D 3453”. Full responsibility for the conformanceof this product with the standard is assumed by (name andaddress of producer or distributor).12. Precision and Bias12.1 See referenced methods for precision and bias infor-mation.13. Keywords13.1 automotive; bedding; flexible cellular; furniture; u
32、re-thaneTABLE 4 Applicable Government Regulation for Specified ApplicationsATypes Application Regulation1 Automotive 49CFR571.302( MVSS 302)ASTM D 5132SAE J369ISO 379516CFR1632 (FF 472)16CFR1633GovernmentDocumentsSuperintendent ofDocuments, U.S.Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC204022 Mattres
33、s andUpholsteredFurnitureCAL TB 106BCAL TB 116BCAL TB 117CAL TB 121BCAL TB 129BCAL TB 133BCAL TB 603BCalifornia California Bureau ofHome Furnishings andThermal Insulation, 3485Orange Grove Ave, NorthHighlands, CA 95660NFPA 260BNFPA 261BNational FireProtectionAssociation1 Batterymarch Park, P.O.Box 9
34、101, Quincy, MA02269ASTM E 1537BE 1590BE 1822BBS 5852BBritish StandardsInstitute2 Park Street, London,England W1A 2B53 Aviation FAR Part 25.853,Paragraph (b), andAppendix FFAA Oil Burner TestSociety ofAutomotiveEngineers (SAE)400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-00014 Miscellaneous ASTM D 3675C
35、InternationalOrganization forStandardization (ISO)1 rue de Varemb, Casepostale 56, CH-1211,Geneva 20, SwitzerlandAThis standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratoryconditions and should n
36、ot be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, resultsof this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the f
37、ire hazard of aparticular end use.BComposite test. Foam, fabric and other components may have a synergistic effect on each other.CVarious governmental bodies have issued regulations based on Test Method D 3675. The regulations are not the same for all bodies issuing them. Here, the regulationof the
38、government having jurisdiction should be consulted.TABLE 5 Thickness and Tolerance for Mattress InsertsNominal Thickness Plus Minusmm in. mm in. mm in.100 4 4.8316 1.6116125 5 4.8316 1.6116150 6 4.8316 3.218D3453073SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to th
39、is standard since the last issue(D 3453 - 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2007)(1) Clarified ambiguous wording in 9.3.1 for approximatingIFD from CFD values.(2) Added more combustibility references to Table 4.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
40、ible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c
41、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
42、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM w
43、ebsite(www.astm.org).TABLE 6 Dimensional Tolerances for Furniture Cushion InsertsThicknessNominal + mm in. mm in. mm in.25 to 75 1 to 3 3.218 1.6116Over 75 to 125 3 to 5 4.8316 1.6116Over 125 over 5 4.8316 3.218Length and WidthNominal 6mm in. mm in.25 to 305, incl 1 to 12, incl 3.218Over 305 to 610, incl 12 to 24, incl 6.414Over 610 to 1220, incl 24 to 48, incl 9.638Over 1220 over 48 12.712D3453074
