1、Designation: D3453 07 D3453 12Standard Specification forFlexible Cellular MaterialsUrethane for Furniture andAutomotive Cushioning, Bedding, and Similar Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3453; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Def
3、ense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers flexible cellular urethane materials intended for such uses as inserts for furniture cushions,mattresses, and similar applications.1.2 This specification provides material and dimensional requirements and methods of tests for specific properties of loadbea
4、ring, compression set, humid age resistance, pounding fatigue resistance, support factor and resilience.1.3 This specification includes references to government regulations for burning characteristics of flexible cellular material usedin specified applications.1.4 The values stated in SI units are t
5、o be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
6、 and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no equivalent ISO standard.NOTE 1There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD3675 Test Me
7、thod for Surface Flammability of Flexible Cellular Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source2.2 Other Documents:16CFR1632 (Previously DoC FF4-72), Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses3MVSS FMVSS 302 DoT Motor Vehicle Safety Standard3DOT Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR), Part 25.853, Parag
8、raph (b), and Appendix F3Simplified Practice Recommendations R2-62 Bedding Products and Components (Mattresses, Springs, Bedsteads, and Cots)43. Classification3.1 This specification covers eight grades of flexible cellular material that may behave been selected for use in accordance withload bearing
9、 and general physical properties, Table 1; four grades based on pounding-fatigue properties, Table 2; three grades basedon cushioning performance properties, Table 3.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 Any product represented as complying with this specification shall meet all the requirements listed herein for
10、 its particularclassification.5. Burning Characteristics5.1 Table 4 lists applicable government regulations on burning characteristics of material used in specified applications.6. Dimensions6.1 For Use as Mattress Inserts:*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright AS
11、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.1.1 SizesThe standard thickness and tolerance are specified in Table 5. These sizes have been adopted for mattress insertsto coordinate the insert with mattress ticking and other bed constructions
12、. The other dimensions are specified in Table 7A ofSimplified Practice Recommendations R2-62.6.1.2 For Use as Furniture Cushion InsertsThe allowable tolerances on dimensions of furniture cushion inserts shall be asshown in Table 6.7. Test Methods7.1 The physical tests shall be in accordance with Tes
13、t Methods D3574.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials - Plasticsand Elastomers.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007Oct. 1, 2012. Published October 2007November 2012. Originally
14、approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20012007as D3453 - 01.D3453 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D3453-07.10.1520/D3453-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information
15、, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.4 Available from the Clearing House for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22151
16、.TABLE 1 Specific Physical Properties of Flexible Cellular MaterialGrade Number 25 % Indentation ForceDeflection (IFD) Values,AN (lbf)Compression (comp)SetB After 90 %Deflection, % maxMoisture ResistanceN lbf Compression ForceDeflection Loss, % max Compression SetB AfterDeflection, % max245 55 245 1
17、8 (55 4) 15 20 20196 44 196 18 (44 4) 15 20 20151 34 151 14 (34 3) 15 20 20120 27 120 14 (27 3) 15 20 2093 21 93 14 (21 3) 15 20 2067 15 67 14 (15 3) 20 20 2540 9 40 14 (9 3) 25 3022 5 22 14 (5 3) 30 35Test method sectionsC B1 D J1,C J1,DSpecimen size,D mm (in.) 380 380 100 50 50 25 50 50 25 50 50 2
18、5(15 15 4) (2 2 1) (2 2 1) (2 2 1)A Tolerances have been established to provide for grade designations. Closer tolerances, when desirable for specific applications, mayshall be agreed upon between thepurchaser and the seller.B To be expressed as a percent of the original thickness.C See Section 7 fo
19、r an explanation of the test methods referenced.D See 9.3 when indicated specimen sizes are not available.TABLE 2 Pounding Fatigue Performance GradesGrade Description Applications40 % IFDA% Loss,maxAP Heavy-duty use transportationseating20BP Normal-duty use cushions,mattresses30CP Light-duty use arm
20、 rests,seat backs35DP Unclassified miscellaneouspadding40A See Test Methods D3574, Test I3, Procedure B (80 000 cycles).TABLE 3 Cushioning Performance GradesAGradeNumber DescriptionSupportFactorB ResilienceCNS Normal Support 1.8 min HS High Support 2.3 min HS-HR High Support-High Resilience2.4 min 5
21、5 % minA Grades also subject to specific physical properties in Table 1.B 65 % / 25 % IFD; See Test Methods D3574, Section 21 and Appendix X3.1.C Ball Rebound; see Test Methods D3574, Sections 6872.D3453 1228. Physical Requirements8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements for physical prope
22、rties prescribed in Tables 1-3.9. Inspection9.1 Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.9.2 Testing for conformance to requirements shall be done in accordance with the appropriate sections of Test Methods D3574.The
23、specific test methods in this reference to be used for each test shall be as listed in Tables 1-3, except as specified in 9.3. Burningtests in the reference are listed in Table 4.9.3 If a specimen 380 by 380 by 100 mm (15 by 15 by 4 in.) cannot be obtained, an appropriate size, as well as its corres
24、pondingindentation force deflection (IFD) value, shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In those cases where foamshaving thicknesses of 100 mm (4 in.) are not available, the following reduced IFD values are suggested:TABLE 4 Applicable Government Regulation for Specified Applicat
25、ionsATypes Application Regulation1 Automotive 49CFR571.302(MVSS 302)ASTM D5132SAE J369ISO 379516CFR1632 (FF 472)16CFR1633Government Docu-mentsSuperintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office,Washington, DC 204021 Automotive 49CFR571.302(FMVSS 302)ASTM D5132SAE J369ISO 379516CFR1632 (FF 4
26、72)16CFR1633Government Docu-mentsSuperintendent ofDocuments, U.S. Govern-ment Printing Office,Washington, DC 204022 Mattress andUpholstered Furni-tureCAL TB 106BCAL TB 116BCAL TB 117CAL TB 121BCAL TB 129BCAL TB 133BCAL TB 603BCalifornia California Bureau ofHome Furnishings andThermal Insulation, 348
27、5Orange Grove Ave, NorthHighlands, CA 95660NFPA 260BNFPA 261BNational Fire Protec-tion Association1 Batterymarch Park, P.O.Box 9101, Quincy, MA02269ASTM E1537BE1590BE1822BBS 5852B British Standards In-stitute2 Park Street, London,England W1A 2B53 Aviation FAR Part 25.853, Para-graph (b), and Appendi
28、xFFAA Oil Burner TestSociety of Automo-tive Engineers (SAE)400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale, PA 15096-00014 Miscellaneous ASTM D3675C International Organi-zation for Standard-ization (ISO)1 rue de Varemb, Casepostale 56, CH-1211, Ge-neva 20, SwitzerlandA This standard should be is used to measure and
29、 describe the propertiesresponse of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlledlaboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise theconditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of t
30、he materials, products,products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessmentwhich takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.Fire testing is inher
31、ently hazardous. Adequatesafeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.BComposite test. Foam, fabric and other components mayoften have a synergistic effect on each other.C Various governmental bodies have issued regulations based on Test Method D3675. The regulat
32、ions are not the same for all bodies issuing them. Here, the regulationof the government having jurisdiction should be consulted.TABLE 5 Thickness and Tolerance for Mattress InsertsNominal Thickness Plus Minusmm in. mm in. mm in.100 4 4.8 316 1.6 116125 5 4.8 316 1.6 116150 6 4.8 316 3.2 18D3453 123
33、Thickness 25 % IFD 65 % IFD75 mm (3 in.) 88 % 88 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD value50 mm (2 in.) 78 % 76 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD value25 mm (1 in.) 68 % 62 % of 100 mm (4 in.) IFD valueIn all cases, the IFD tolerances specified in Table 1 shall apply. For example, a 50-mm (2-in.) thick Grade 120-N (12 kg
34、/27-lb)foam will have a 25 % IFD value of 94 6 14 N (21.06 3.0 lbf) = 80 to 108 N (18.0 to 24.0 lbf).9.3.1 If an IFD specimen cannot be obtained, an approximation from the 50 % CFD in accordance with Test Methods D3574to a 100-mm (4-in.) IFD can be made using the following equation:IFD5CFD3A1B!IFD5C
35、FD3A1B!IFD Deflection25 % 40 % 65 %A 1.397 2.382 5.32B 82.31 93.84 87.92IFD Deflection25 % 40 % 65 %A 1.397 2.382 5.32B 82.31 93.84 87.92This conversion may be useful in the carpet cushion, packaging, and other specialties.9.3.2 If a 25% CFD value in psi is needed it can be estimated by using the 25
36、% IFD value (lb.) in the following expression:25% CFD5 (25% IFD15)87These conversions are useful for carpet cushion, packaging, and other specialty foams.10. Retest and Rejection10.1 If any failure occurs, the materials may be shall retested to establish conformity in accordance with agreement betwe
37、enthe purchaser and the seller.11. Packaging, Marking, and Labeling11.1 PackagingThe material shall be packed in standard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensure acceptance bycommon or other carriers for safe transportation at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise spe
38、cified in the contractor order.11.2 MarkingThe shipping container shall be marked with the name, type, and quality of material in accordance with thecontract or order under which the shipment is made. The shipping container shall also be marked with the name of the manufacturerand the contract or or
39、der number.11.3 LabelIn order thatfor purchasers mayto identify products complying with all requirements of this specification, voluntaryspecification, it is recommended that producers choosing to produce such products in conformance with this voluntary specificationmay include a statement in conjun
40、ction with their name and address on labels, invoices, sales literature, and the like. The followingstatement is suggested:11.3.1 “This product conforms to all the requirements for Grade , performance grade, established in ASTM StandardSpecification D3453”. Full responsibility for the conformance of
41、 this product with the standard is assumed by (name and addressof producer or distributor).TABLE 6 Dimensional Tolerances for Furniture Cushion InsertsThicknessNominal + mm in. mm in. mm in.25 to 75 1 to 3 3.2 18 1.6 116Over 75 to 125 3 to 5 4.8 316 1.6 116Over 125 over 5 4.8 316 3.2 18Length and Wi
42、dthNominal mm in. mm in.25 to 305, incl 1 to 12, incl 3.2 18Over 305 to 610, incl 12 to 24, incl 6.4 14Over 610 to 1220, incl 24 to 48, incl 9.6 38Over 1220 over 48 12.7 12D3453 12412. Precision and Bias12.1 See referenced methods for precision and bias information.13. Keywords13.1 automotive; beddi
43、ng; flexible cellular; furniture; urethaneSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3453 - 07)that may impact the use of this standard. (October 1, 2012)(1) Permissive language review.(2) Updated fire test caveat.(3) Added
44、 conversion factors back into section 9.3.1 that inadvertently got removed in the Word doc provided.(4) Added a new conversion for 25 % CFD from 25 % IFD in section 9.3.2.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D3453 - 01
45、)that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2007)(1) Clarified ambiguous wording in 9.3.1 for approximating IFD from CFD values.(2) Added more combustibility references to Table 4.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewe
46、d every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible
47、technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Consh
48、ohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3453 125
