1、Designation: D3455 11Standard Test Methods forCompatibility of Construction Material with ElectricalInsulating Oil of Petroleum Origin1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3455; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover screening for the compatibilityof materials of construction with elect
3、rical insulating oil for usein electrical equipment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsib
4、ility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD924
5、 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil AgainstWater by the Ring MethodD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1500 Test Method
6、 forASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D2413 Practice for Preparation of Insulating Paper andBoard Impregnated with a Liquid DielectricD3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used inElectrical Apparatus3. Significance and Use3.1 The magnitude of the changes in the electrical pr
7、opertiesof the insulating oil are of importance in determining thecontamination of the oil by the test specimen.3.2 Physical and chemical changes in the oil such as color,interfacial tension and acidity, also indicate solubility or otheradverse effects of the test specimen on the oil.3.3 Physical ch
8、anges of the test specimen such as hardness,swelling, and discoloration show the effect of the oil on the testspecimen and are used to determine the suitability of thematerial for use in insulating oil.3.4 A material meeting the criteria recommended does notnecessarily indicate suitability for use i
9、n electrical equipment.Other properties must also be considered. Additionally, certainmaterials containing additives may meet the requirements ofthese test methods, yet be unsatisfactory when subjected tolonger term evaluations. Examples of such materials arepolyvinyl chloride (PVC) based compounds,
10、 nylon and elasto-meric compounds.4. Apparatus4.1 Sample-Handling Apparatus:4.1.1 Oven, forced-draft, adjustable to 100 6 1C, and adrying oven, adjustable to 105 6 5C.4.1.2 Glass Containers, 1-L, fitted with glass or aluminumfoil covers.NOTE 1Other materials have been found to be suitable as covers.
11、4.2 Sample-Testing Apparatus:4.2.1 Tensile StrengthAs specified in appropriate testmethod.4.2.2 HardnessAs specified in appropriate test method.4.2.3 Dimensional ChangeMicrometer and caliper.4.2.4 Weight ChangeAnalytical balance.5. Preparation of Test Specimen5.1 Test specimen size shall be such tha
12、t the ratio of surfacearea to oil volume is four times as large as the ratio encoun-tered in normal use in electrical equipment unless there is some1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 onElectrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and are the direct responsibility ofSubco
13、mmittee D27.06 on Chemical Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published July 2011. Originally approvedin 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D3455 2002 which waswithdrawn January 2011 and reinstated in June 2011. DOI: 10.1520/D3455-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
14、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
15、ed States.special reason for using a different ratio (Note 2). Somesuggested ratios are as follows:5.1.1 If the test specimen can be measured, no less than 52cm2are used with each 800 mL of oil.5.1.2 If the test specimen is insoluble in oil and the surfacearea cannot be measured, the test specimen s
16、hall be used in theamount of 1 % by the weight of the oil.5.1.3 If the material is soluble in the oil, the test specimenshall be used in the amount of 0.5 % by the weight of the oil.5.1.4 Varnishes and materials used as dip coatings shall becured on aluminum foil or paper known to be compatible with
17、insulating oil. They should be tested at a ratio of 14 g orapproximately 1300 cm2of surface area per 800 mL of oil.5.1.5 Core steel and core-steel coatings shall be tested at aratio of 3100 cm2for each 400 mL of oil, for transformerapplications. A realistic core steel ratio for regulators is 5000cm2
18、of surface area per each 400 mL of oil.5.1.6 Gasket materials shall be tested at a ratio of 65 cm2surface area per 800 mL of oil.5.1.7 Wire enamels shall be tested at a ratio of 1300 cm2ofsurface area per 800 mL of oil.NOTE 2There are certain materials in electrical apparatus where thesuggested rati
19、os of material to oil are impractical; when this conditionexists, the ratio shall be reported.5.2 Caution must be taken in obtaining and preparing thetest specimen to ensure that it is representative of the materialas supplied by the manufacturer. Do not handle with fingers.5.3 Pre-dry all solid mat
20、erials for 16 h in an oven at 105 65C. Use care when testing specimens which are comprised ofpaper or applied to paper to limit damage to the paper fromdrying in an air circulating oven. It is recommended that suchcomponents be dried and impregnated in a vacuum oven asoutlined in Practice D2413, Sec
21、tion 9.1.1, to reduce the effectsof oxygen on the paper.5.4 Remove the test specimen from the oven and place in a1-L jar with 800 mL of approved insulating oil (Note 3),meeting all the limits required for new oil. Bubble dry nitrogenthrough the oil for approximately 10 min, and place the coveron the
22、 jar.NOTE 3An approved oil is one that meets the requirements ofSpecification D3487, or an oil specified by the material purchaser.5.5 Prepare a reference oil specimen from 800 mL of theapproved oil alone as a control for each group of specimenstested.6. Conditioning6.1 Place the covered glass jars
23、in an oven at 100 6 1C for164 h.6.2 Remove the jars from the oven and cool to roomtemperature.7. Procedure7.1 With a pair of clean tongs remove the test specimenfrom the oil, observe the condition, and conduct any desiredtest on the material.7.1.1 Typical tests on materials can include swelling ordi
24、mensional change, hardness, discoloration, brittleness, etc.7.1.2 For comparative tests use the appropriate method.7.2 The following tests on all oil specimens are suggested:7.2.1 Interfacial TensionTest Method D971.7.2.2 Neutralization NumberTest Method D974.7.2.3 Dielectric StrengthTest Method D87
25、7.7.2.4 Dissipation (Power Factor)Test Method D924.7.2.5 ColorTest Method D1500.8. Evaluation of Results8.1 Evaluation of Physical Changes of the Material at RoomTemperatureThe changes in physical properties of the ma-terial being tested must be considered on the basis of thespecific needs of the ap
26、plication.8.2 Evaluation of Test Results on Insulating Oil:8.2.1 The test results obtained on the oils containing the testspecimens must be compared with those of the reference oilspecimen to determine any differences.8.2.2 The absence of any differences between the testspecimen oil and the referenc
27、e oil indicates that the testspecimen oil was not affected by the material and that thematerial is worthy of further consideration or testing, or both.8.2.3 A significant difference in any of the results as definedin 8.2.5 may indicate some compatibility problem and thematerial should be either furt
28、her reviewed or rejected.8.2.3.1 The magnitude of differences in properties betweenthe reference oil and the test specimen oil that constitute asignificant change should be established prior to testing, byagreement between the purchaser and the seller.8.2.4 If the aged reference oil exceeds the limi
29、ts in 8.2.5, theoil itself is suspect for one or more of the following reasons:8.2.4.1 The oil does not meet the requirements for anapproved insulating oil.8.2.4.2 The oil has become contaminated.8.2.4.3 The test aging temperature exceeded the prescribedlimit (see 6.1).8.2.5 The aged properties for
30、the reference oil specimenshould be as follows (Note 4):Interfacial tension D971 38 mN/m, minNeutralization number D974 0.03 mg of KOH,max changeDielectric strength D877 28 kV, minDissipation (Power factor),100CD924 1.1%, maxColor D1500 0.5 max changeNOTE 4The values are typical values for most of t
31、he mineral oilspresently on the market.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 The results of the tests specified in 8.2.5, on both thereference oil specimen and the test specimen oil(s).9.1.2 Any changes in appearance, dimensions, hardness orother relevant properties of the construction
32、 material testspecimens.9.1.3 Whether the construction material evaluated by thistest method appears to be compatible (or incompatible) withelectrical insulating oil.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No precision and bias statement is required as the testslisted in Section 7 already include precision and b
33、ias state-ments.D3455 11211. Keywords11.1 compatibility; construction material; electrical equip-ment; insulating oilASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
34、advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eit
35、her reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
36、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Ind
37、ividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D3455 113
