1、Designation: D3487 09D3487 16Standard Specification forMineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers newunused m
3、ineral insulating oil of petroleum origin for use as an insulating and cooling mediumin new and existing power and distribution electrical apparatus, such as transformers, regulators, reactors, circuit breakers,switchgear, and attendant equipment.1.2 This specification is intended to define a minera
4、l insulating oil that is functionally interchangeable and miscible with existingoils, is compatible with existing apparatus and with appropriate field maintenance,2 and will satisfactorily maintain its functionalcharacteristics in its application in electrical equipment. This specification applies o
5、nly to new insulating oil as received prior toany processing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D88 Test Method for Saybolt ViscosityD92 Test Method for Flash and Fir
6、e Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
7、Viscosity)D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk ElectrodesD923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD924 Test Method for Dissipation F
8、actor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of ElectricalInsulating LiquidsD971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring MethodD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Elect
9、rical Insulating LiquidsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)D1524 Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating
10、Liquids in the FieldD1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer TitrationD1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE ElectrodesD1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
11、 of Petroleum Origin, andAskarelsD2112 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Inhibited Mineral Insulating Oil by Pressure Vessel1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D27.01on Mi
12、neral.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009June 15, 2016. Published December 2009July 2016. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 asD3487 08. DOI:10.1520/D3487-09.D3487 09. DOI:10.1520/D3487-16.2 Refer to American National Standard C 57.106. the Institute of Electri
13、cal and Electronic Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) C 57.106, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance ofInsulating Oil in Equipment (IEEE Standard 64). Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Equipment. Available from IEEE Oper
14、ations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, USA.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
15、This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edi
16、tions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical Insu
17、lating Liquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (Modified Pirelli Method)D2440 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Mineral Insulating OilD2668 Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-Butyl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infrared AbsorpD2717 Test Method for Therma
18、l Conductivity of LiquidsD2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and SolidsD2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liquids and GasesD3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse ConditionsD4052 Test Method for Density, Rela
19、tive Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas ChromatographyD4768 Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Para-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in Insulating Liquids byGas Chrom
20、atographyD5837 Test Method for Furanic Compounds in Electrical Insulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)D5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Tilt Method)2.2
21、 IEEE Standard2C57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Type I Mineral Oilan oil for apparatus where normal oxidation resistance is required. Some oils may require the additionof a suitable oxidation inhibitor to achieve this.3.1.
22、2 Type II Mineral Oilan oil for apparatus where greater oxidation resistance is required. This is usually achieved with theaddition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor.3.1.2.1 DiscussionDuring processing of inhibited mineral oil under vacuum and elevated temperatures, partial loss of inhibitor and vol
23、atile portionsof mineral oil may occur. The common inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol (DBPC/BHT) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol(DPB), are more volatile than transformer oil. If processing conditions are too severe, oxidation stability of the oil may bedecreased due to loss of inhibitor. T
24、he selectivity for removal of moisture and air in preference to loss of inhibitor and oil isimproved by use of a low processing temperature.Conditions that have been found satisfactory for most inhibited mineral oil processing are:Minimum PressureTemperature, C Pa Torr, Approximate40 5 0.0450 10 0.0
25、7560 20 0.1570 40 0.380 100 0.7590 400 3.0100 1000 7.5If temperatures higher than those recommended for the operating pressure are used, the oil should be tested for inhibitorcontent and inhibitor added as necessary to return inhibitor content to its initial value. Attempts to dry apparatus containi
26、ngappreciable amounts of free water may result in a significant loss of inhibitor even at the conditions recommended above.3.1.3 additiveschemical substances that are added to mineral insulating oil to achieve required functional properties.3.1.4 propertiesthose properties of the mineral insulating
27、oil which are required for the design, manufacture, and operationof the apparatus. These properties are listed in Section 5.3.2 Type I Mineral Oilan oil for apparatus where normal oxidation resistance is required. Some oils may require the additionof a suitable oxidation inhibitor to achieve this.Ot
28、her definitions of terms related to this specification are given in TerminologyD2864.3.2 Type II Mineral Oilan oil for apparatus where greater oxidation resistance is required. This is usually achieved with theaddition of a suitable oxidation inhibitor.NOTE 1During processing of inhibited mineral oi
29、l under vacuum and elevated temperatures, partial loss of inhibitor and volatile portions of mineraloil may occur. The common inhibitors, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl para-cresol (DBPC/BHT) and 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol (DPB), are more volatile thantransformer oil. If processing conditions are too severe,
30、 oxidation stability of the oil may be decreased due to loss of inhibitor. The selectivity for removalof moisture and air in preference to loss of inhibitor and oil is improved by use of a low processing temperature.Conditions that have been found satisfactory for most inhibited mineral oil processi
31、ng are:D3487 162Minimum PressureTemperature, C Pa Torr, Approximate40 5 0.0450 10 0.07560 20 0.1570 40 0.380 100 0.7590 400 3.0100 1000 7.5If temperatures higher than those recommended for the operating pressure are used, the oil should be tested for inhibitor content and inhibitor addedas necessary
32、 to return inhibitor content to its initial value. Attempts to dry apparatus containing appreciable amounts of free water may result in asignificant loss of inhibitor even at the conditions recommended above.3.3 additiveschemical substances that are added to mineral insulating oil to achieve require
33、d functional properties.3.3 propertiesthose properties of the mineral insulating oil which are required for the design, manufacture, and operation ofthe apparatus. These properties are listed in SectionMore information on tests related to this specification can be found in Guide5D117.4. Sampling and
34、 Testing4.1 Take all oil samples in accordance with Test Methods Practices D923.4.2 Make each test in accordance with the latest revision of the ASTM test method specified in Section 5.4.3 The oil shall meet the requirements of Section 5 at the unloading point.NOTE 1Because of the different needs of
35、 the various users, items relating to packaging, labeling, and inspection are considered to be subject tobuyer-seller supplier and user agreement.NOTE 2In addition to all other tests listed herein, it is sound engineering practice for the apparatus manufacturer to perform an evaluation of newtypes o
36、f insulating oils in insulation systems, prototype structures, or full-scale apparatus, or any combination thereof, to assure suitable service life.4.4 Make known to the user the generic type and amount of any additive used, for assessing any potential detrimental reactionwith other materials in con
37、tact with the oil.5. Property Requirements5.1 Mineral insulating oil conforming to this specification shall meet the property limits given in Table 1. The significance ofthese properties is discussed in Appendix X2.D3487 163TABLE 1 Property RequirementsProperty Limit ASTM TestMethodType I Type IIPhy
38、sical:Aniline point, C, min 63A 63A D611Aniline point, min, C 63A 63A D611Color, max 0.5 0.5 D1500Flash point, min, C 145 145 D92Interfacial tension at 25C, min, dynes/cm 40 40 D971Interfacial tension, min, mN/m 40 40 D971Pour point, max, C 40B 40B D97, D5949, or D5950BRelative Density (Specific gra
39、vity), 15C/15C max 0.91 0.91 D1298Relative Density (Specific gravity), 15C/15C, max 0.91 0.91 D1298 or D4052CViscosity, max, cSt (SUS) at:Viscosity, max, mm2/s at: D445100C 3.0 (36) 3.0 (36) D445 or D88100C 3.0 3.040C 12.0 (66) 12.0 (66)40C 12.0 12.00C 76.0 (350) 76.0 (350)0C 76.0 76.0Visual examina
40、tion clear and bright clear and bright D1524Electrical:Dielectric breakdown voltage at 60 Hz: D1816Disk electrodes, min, kV 30 30 D877VDE electrodes, min, kV 0.040-in. (1.02-mm) gap0.080-in. (2.03-mm) gap20C35C20C35CD1816VDE electrodes, min, kV 1 mm gap2 mm gap20D35D20D35DDielectric breakdown voltag
41、e, impulse conditions D330025C, min, kV, needle negative to sphere grounded,1-in. (25.4-mm) gap145D 145Dnegative polarity point, min, kV 145 145Gassing tendency, max, L/min +30 +30 D2300Gassing tendency, max, L/minute +30 +30 D2300Dissipation factor (or power factor), at 60 Hz, max, %: D92425C100C0.
42、050.300.050.30Chemical:EChemical:Oxidation stability (acid-sludge test) D244072 h:% sludge, max, by massTotal acid number, max, mg KOH/g0.150.50.10.3sludge, max, % by massTotal acid number, max, mg KOH/g0.150.50.10.3164 h:% sludge, max, by massTotal acid number, max, mg KOH/g0.30.60.20.4sludge, max,
43、 % by massTotal acid number, max, mg KOH/g0.30.60.20.4Oxidation stability (rotating bomb test), min, minutes 195 D2112Oxidation stability (pressure vessel test), min, minutes 195 D2112Oxidation inhibitor content, max, % by mass 0.08F 0.3 D4768 or D2668GOxidation inhibitor content, max, % by mass 0.0
44、8E 0.30F D4768 or D2668GCorrosive sulfur noncorrosive D1275Corrosive sulfur noncorrosive noncorrosive D1275Water, max, ppm 35 35 D1533Water, max, mg/kg 35 35 D1533Neutralization number, total acid number, max, mgKOH/g0.03 0.03 D974Furanic Compounds, max per compound, g/L 25 25 D5837PCB content, ppm
45、not detectable not detectable D4059PCB content, mg/kg not detectable not detectable D4059A The value shown represents current knowledge.B It is common practice to specify a lower or In case of a dispute, D97 higher pour point, depending upon climatic conditions.shall be used as the referee method.C
46、In case of a dispute, Test Method D1298 shall be used as the referee method.D These limits by Test Method D1816 are applicable only to as received new oil (see Appendix X2.2.1.1X2.2.1.2). A new processed oil should have minimum breakdownstrengths of 28 kV and 56 kV for a 0.04 in. (1.02 mm) or 0.08 i
47、n. (2.03 mm) gap respectively.).D Currently available oils vary in impulse strength. Some users prefer oil of a 145 kV minimum for certain applications, while others accept oil with impulse strength as lowas 130 kV for other applications.D3487 164APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SUPPLEMENTARY
48、 DESIGN INFORMATIONX1.1 The following values are typical for presently used mineral insulating oils. For oils derived from paraffinic or mixed-basecrudes, the apparatus designer needs to know that these properties have not changed.Property Typical ValuesASTM TestMethodCoefficient of expansion,/ Cfro
49、m 25 to 100C0.0007 to 0.0008 D1903Coefficient of expansion,/Cfrom 25 to 100C0.0007 to 0.0008 D1903Dielectric constant, 25C 2.2 to 2.3 D924Specific heat, cal/g, 20C 0.44 D2766Specific heat, J/(kg C),20C1800 D2766Thermal conductivity, cal/cmsC, from 20 to 100C(0.30 to 0.40) 10 3 D2717Thermal conductivity,(mC),from 20 to 100C0.13 to 0.17 D2717X2. SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPERTIES OF MINERAL INSULATING OILX2.1 Physical PropertiesX2.1.1 Aniline PointThe aniline point of a mineral insulating oil indicates the solvency of the oi
