1、Designation: D 3489 06Standard Test Methods forMicrocellular Urethane Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3489; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the preparation of a standard-size test sample and basic tests for physical property determi-nations of microcellular uret
3、hane materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in brackets are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
4、blish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD
5、 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 573 Test Method for RubberDeterioration in an AirOvenD 575 Test Methods for Rubber Properties in CompressionD 624 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized
6、Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1044 Test Method for Resistance of Transparent
7、Plasticsto Surface AbrasionD 1052 Test Method for Measuring Rubber DeteriorationCut Growth Using Ross Flexing ApparatusD 1622 Test Method forApparent Density of Rigid CellularPlasticsD 1630 Test Method for Rubber PropertyAbrasion Resis-tance (Footwear Abrader)D 1938 Test Method for Tear-Propagation
8、Resistance(Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by aSingle-Tear MethodD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD 2632 Test Method for Rubber PropertyResilience byVertical ReboundD 3040 Practice for Preparing Preci
9、sion Statements forStandards Related to Rubber and Rubber Testing3D 3137 Test Method for Rubber PropertyHydrolytic Sta-bilityD 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD 3768 Test Method for Microcellular UrethanesFlexuralRecoveryD 3769 Test Method for M
10、icrocellular UrethanesHigh-Temperature Sag3. Terminology3.1 Description of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 microcellular urethanean elastomeric materialmade by the interaction of a polyol and an organic isocyanate,having cell diameters in the range from 0.0001 to 0.001 mm,with a minimum density
11、 of 160 kg/m310 lb/ft3.NOTE 2In the following sections, the term “retaining the moldedsurfaces” refers to the two major surfaces (faces) of the sample and/orspecimens prepared from it and was not meant to include the minorsurfaces (ends or sides).4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests made on materials he
12、rein prescribed can be ofconsiderable value in comparing physical properties of differ-ent materials, in controlling manufacturing processes, and as abasis for writing specifications.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and are the direct responsibility of
13、Subcommittee D20.22 on CellularMaterials - Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 3489 - 96 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact
14、ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
15、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Before proceeding with these test methods, referenceshould be made to the specification of the material being tested.Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, or dimensions, orcombination thereof, and testing parameters covered in thematerial
16、s specification shall take precedence over those men-tioned in these test methods. If there are no material specifi-cations, then the default conditions apply.5. Sampling5.1 Test samples can be made in any suitable mold. Thefollowing three sizes are recommended (length, width, andthickness): 305 by
17、152 by 3.15 mm 12 by 6 by18 in., 305 by152 by 6.3 mm 12 by 6 by14 in., and 305 by 152 by 12.5 mm12 by 6 by12 in.5.2 The procedure used to prepare the test sample relating tocomponent ratios, temperature, mixing direction, mold tem-perature, and curing conditions shall conform to the manufac-turers r
18、ecommendations.5.3 The test sample shall be allowed to age a minimum of48 h before testing, at 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5%relative humidity.6. Density6.1 Determine the density in accordance with either TestMethod D 792 or Test Method D 1622. Prepare test specimensretaining the molded surfaces. I
19、f using Test Method D 1622,report any deviations from the specified minimum specimensize.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Determine the tensile properties in accordance with TestMethod D 412. Cut tension specimens using the Die A or anyother suitable die in accordance with Test Method D 412 fromthe 3.15-mm
20、18-in. or 6.3-mm 14-in. test sample. Retain themolded surfaces.7.2 PrecisionThese precision statements were prepared inaccordance with the statistical and other testing terminologyand concepts presented in Practice D 3040.7.2.1 The precision of this test method was determined froman interlaboratory
21、study of one microcellular urethane material.One laboratory made the microcellular urethane material. Onelaboratory made the microcellular urethane material plaques,and three laboratories tested the material on two days.7.2.2 Table 1 gives the LQC precision data as obtained inthe interlaboratory pro
22、gram. The values given are equivalentto“ repeatability” for within laboratories testing and “reproduc-ibility” for among laboratories testing.7.2.3 A “test result” is the average result from the testing ofthree dumbbell specimens.8. Tear8.1 Using Die C, determine the tear strength in accordancewith
23、Test Method D 624. Cut the specimen from the 3.15-mm18-in. sample, retaining the molded surface.8.2 Determine the split tear strength in accordance with TestMethod D 1938. Cut the specimen from the 3.15-mm 18-in.sample. The direction of tear shall include both moldedsurfaces.8.3 Determine the block
24、tear in accordance with TestMethods D 3574, except the specimen shall be 19.0 mm 0.75in. wide by 12.5 mm 0.5 in. thick. The tear direction shall bethrough the core retaining both molded surfaces.9. Hardness9.1 Determine the hardness in accordance with Test MethodD 2240 on the 6.3-mm 14-in. thick sam
25、ple. Report the initialand 5-s drift value. If the determination is to be made atsubnormal temperatures, condition the instrument at the sametemperature. To prevent moisture from damaging the instru-ment, it is advisable to place the tester directly in a desiccatorafter removing from the cold box.10
26、. Compression Set10.1 Determine the compression set in accordance with TestMethods D 395, Method B, using 22 h at 70C 158F. Cut thespecimen from the 12.5-mm 0.5-in. sample, retaining themolded surfaces.11. Compression Deflection11.1 Determine the compression deflection at 25 % deflec-tion in accorda
27、nce with Test Methods D 575. Cut the specimenfrom the 12.5-mm 0.5-in. sample, retaining the moldedsurfaces. The sample is not preflexed. The initial compressionvalue is reported.12. Resilience12.1 Determine the resilience by vertical rebound test inaccordance with Test Method D 2632. Cut the specime
28、n fromthe 12.5-mm 0.5-in. sample, retaining the molded surfaces.13. Abrasion Resistance13.1 Determine the surface abrasion resistance by the TaberAbraser in accordance with Test Method D 1044 using the H18wheels and 1000-g mass pieces. Cut the specimen from the6.3-mm 14-in. or 12.5-mm 12-in. sample.
29、 Report the massloss in mg/1000 cycles.14. Surface and Core Abrasion14.1 Determine the surface and core abrasion, using thegeneral procedure in Test Method D 1630. Cut or mold theTABLE 1 LQC Test Precision of Tensile Property TestProperty MeanWithin Laboratories Among LaboratoriesS LSD S LSD100 % te
30、nsile stress, MPa psi 2.2 324 0.08 12 0.24 34 0.13 19 0.38 54Tensile strength, MPa psi 4.3 624 0.18 26 0.51 74 0.24 35 0.69 99Elongation, 90 % 297 9 25 11 31D3489062specimens from the 12.7-mm 0.5-in. slab to conform to thedimension in Test Method D 1630. Mount the specimens in thespecimen holders an
31、d place on the surface of the sandpaper. Setthe dial gages at zero and at the end of every 1.25 mm 0.05 in.of wear, record the number of cycles until a total wear of 3.8mm 0.15 in. has occurred. Report the number of cycles towear 1.25 mm as the surface abrasion (SA 50) and the numberof cycles to abr
32、ade the next 2.54 mm 0.10 in. as the coreabrasion (CA 100).15. Heat Aging15.1 Determine the accelerated heat aging in accordancewith Test Method D 573 for 2 days at 100C.16. Hydrolytic Resistance16.1 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in accordance withTest Method D 3137. Report the percent change
33、in tensilestrength in accordance with 7.1.16.2 Determine the hydrolytic resistance in a steam auto-clave, at Condition A for 3 h at 105C, or Condition B for 5 hat 125C in accordance with Test Methods D 3574. Report thepercent change in tensile strength in accordance with 7.1.17. Cut Growth Resistanc
34、e17.1 Determine the cut growth resistance on the RossFlexing Machine in accordance with Test Method D 1052. Cutthe specimens from the 6.3-mm 14-in. or 12.5-mm 12-in.thick sample. If subnormal temperature testing is to be done,condition the specimen for a minimum of 30 min after reachingthe specified
35、 temperatures before starting the test.18. Impact Strength18.1 Determine the brittle impact properties in accordancewith Test Method D 256 on the 12.5-mm 12-in. specimenwith the mold surface in accordance with Test Method A or Bat 30C 22F. If no test temperature has been specified, thefollowing temp
36、eratures are recommended: 10, 25, and 40C +14, 13, and 40F.19. Flexural Modulus19.1 Determine flexural modulus, using the general proce-dure in Test Methods D 790, Method I.19.2 The following test parameters are recommended formicrocellular urethanes:19.2.1 Specimen SizeLength 75 6 0.5 mm 3.0 6 0.02
37、in., width 25 6 0.5 mm 1.0 6 0.02 in., and thickness 3.2 60.2 mm 0.125 6 0.01 in.19.2.2 Span50 mm 2.0 in.19.2.3 Rate of Crosshead Motion0.20 6 0.02 mm/s 0.5in./min.19.2.4 CalculationCalculate the tangent modulus of elas-ticity. See 11.11.1 of Test Methods D 790.NOTE 3When calculating slope, use the
38、steepest tangent as shown inFig. 1.NOTE 4The crosshead rate of 0.2 mm/s 0.5 in./min differs from therate of 0.02 mm/s 0.05 in./min specified in Test Methods D 790. Testdata have shown that the faster rate provides a lower coefficient ofvariation than does the slower rate.19.2.5 Condition a specimen
39、at the test temperature for aminimum of 30 min.19.3 Precision:19.3.1 This precision statement has been prepared in accor-dance with Practice D 3040. Please refer to Practice D 3040 forterminology and other testing and statistical concept explana-tion.19.3.2 These precision data are based on limited
40、data. Thenumber of participating laboratories and property levels testedare included in the precision statement summary.19.3.3 For the LQC (Laboratory Quality Control) test pre-cision expressed in relative terms, see Table 2.20. Ash20.1 Determine the ignition loss of microcellular urethanein accorda
41、nce with Test Method D 2584.21. Flexural Recovery21.1 Determine the flexural recovery of microcellular ure-thane in accordance with Test Method D 3768.22. High-Temperature Sag22.1 Determine the heat sag of microcellular urethane inaccordance with Test Method D 3769.22.2 The length of the specimen, t
42、emperature, and time varyin some specifications, which should be consulted and refer-enced when reporting results.FIG. 1 Determination of Tangent Modulus of ElasticityTABLE 2 Precision of Flexural Modulus TestTest Method Property Range TestedNo. ofPropertyLevelsTestedRepeatability ReproducibilityPar
43、ticipatingLaboratoriesCV (%) (LSD)A(%) CV (%) (LSD)A(%)Flexural modulus 140 to 700 MPa 4 2.9 8.2 6.2 12.7 6(2.0 to 10.0 3 104psi)ALeast significant difference between the means of three individual test results based on a 95 % confidence limit.D348906323. Report23.1 Report the following information:2
44、3.1.1 Complete identification of the material,23.1.2 Test methods used and thickness of specimen, and23.1.3 Any modification of test method or procedure.24. Precision and Bias24.1 Precision statements can be found within the individualtest methods called out in these test methods.25. Keywords25.1 mi
45、crocellular; test method; urethaneSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D 3489 - 96(2000) that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2006)(1) Removed the word Rubber from the title.(2) Reworded the ISO equiv
46、alency statement to match thewording found in Guide D 4968.(3) Added references to Test Method D 792 and Test MethodD 1622.(4) Replaced the word rubber with the word elastomeric in3.1.1.(5) Added a note between Sections 5 and 6 to clarify what theterm retaining the molded surfaces is meant to imply
47、andrenumbered subsequent notes.(6) Replaced the procedure in 6.1 with references to two otherASTM standards.(7) Reworded 7.2.1 to replace the word rubberwith the wordmaterial.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentio
48、nedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee an
49、d must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shou
